General definitions

a system, accessory, component, or appurtenance of a recreational vessel; or a marine safety article intended for use on board a recreational vessel; but with the exception of emergency locator beacons for recreational vessels operating beyond 3 nautical miles from the baselines from which the territorial sea of the United States is measured or beyond 3 nautical miles from the coastline of the Great Lakes, does not include radio equipment. “Coast Guard” means the organization established and continued under section 101 of title 14. “Commandant” means the Commandant of the Coast Guard. “commercial service” includes any type of trade or business involving the transportation of goods or individuals, except service performed by a combatant vessel. “consideration” means an economic benefit, inducement, right, or profit including pecuniary payment accruing to an individual, person, or entity, but not including a voluntary sharing of the actual expenses of the voyage, by monetary contribution or donation of fuel, food, beverage, or other supplies. “crude oil” means a liquid hydrocarbon mixture occurring naturally in the earth, whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation, and includes crude oil from which certain distillate fractions may have been removed, and crude oil to which certain distillate fractions may have been added. “crude oil tanker” means a tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude oil. “dangerous drug” means a narcotic drug, a controlled substance, or a controlled substance analog (as defined in section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802)). “discharge”, when referring to a substance discharged from a vessel, includes spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping, however caused. to provide transportation only between places that are not more than 300 miles apart; and passengers; or vehicles, or railroad cars, that are being used, or have been used, in transporting passengers or goods. “fish” means finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of marine animal and plant life, except marine mammals and birds. “fishing vessel” means a vessel that commercially engages in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish or an activity that can reasonably be expected to result in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish. “fish processing vessel” means a vessel that commercially prepares fish or fish products other than by gutting, decapitating, gilling, skinning, shucking, icing, freezing, or brine chilling. “fish tender vessel” means a vessel that commercially supplies, stores, refrigerates, or transports fish, fish products, or materials directly related to fishing or the preparation of fish to or from a fishing, fish processing, or fish tender vessel or a fish processing facility. “freight vessel” means a motor vessel of more than 15 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title that carries freight for hire, except an oceanographic research vessel or an offshore supply vessel. “Great Lakes barge” means a non-self-propelled vessel of at least 3,500 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title operating on the Great Lakes. flammable or combustible; designated a hazardous substance under section 311(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321); or designated a hazardous material under section 5103(a) of title 49. substantially changes the dimensions or carrying capacity of the vessel; changes the type of the vessel; substantially prolongs the life of the vessel; or otherwise so changes the vessel that it is essentially a new vessel, as decided by the Secretary. the navigable waters of the United States and the land and resources in and under those waters; the waters and fishery resources of an area over which the United States asserts exclusive fishery management authority; the seabed and subsoil of the outer Continental Shelf of the United States, the resources of the Shelf, and the waters superjacent to the Shelf; and the recreational, economic, and scenic values of the waters and resources referred to in subclauses (A)–(C) of this clause. “merchant mariner credential” means a merchant mariner license, certificate, or document that the Secretary is authorized to issue pursuant to this title. “mobile offshore drilling unit” means a vessel capable of engaging in drilling operations for the exploration or exploitation of subsea resources. “motor vessel” means a vessel propelled by machinery other than steam. offers a comprehensive program of training that includes substantial sea service on nautical school vessels or merchant vessels of the United States primarily to train individuals for service in the merchant marine; and is approved by the Secretary for purposes of section 7315, in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary. “nautical school vessel” means a vessel operated by or in connection with a nautical school or an educational institution under section 558 of title 40. “navigable waters of the United States” includes all waters of the territorial sea of the United States as described in Presidential Proclamation No. 5928 of December 27, 1988. “oceanographic research vessel” means a vessel that the Secretary finds is being employed only in instruction in oceanography or limnology, or both, or only in oceanographic or limnological research, including studies about the sea such as seismic, gravity meter, and magnetic exploration and other marine geophysical or geological surveys, atmospheric research, and biological research. “offshore supply vessel” means a motor vessel that regularly carries goods, supplies, individuals in addition to the crew, or equipment in support of exploration, exploitation, or production of offshore mineral or energy resources. “oil” includes oil of any type or in any form, including petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, and oil mixed with wastes except dredged spoil. “oil spill response vessel” means a vessel that is designated in its certificate of inspection as such a vessel, or that is adapted to respond to a discharge of oil or a hazardous material. 96 percent of the length on a waterline at 85 percent of the least molded depth measured from the top of the keel (or on a vessel designed with a rake of keel, on a waterline parallel to the designed waterline); or the length from the fore side of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock on that waterline; and for any other vessel, the horizontal distance of the hull between the foremost part of the stem and the aftermost part of the stern, excluding fittings and attachments. the owner or an individual representative of the owner or, in the case of a vessel under charter, an individual charterer or individual representative of the charterer; the master; or a member of the crew engaged in the business of the vessel who has not contributed consideration for carriage and who is paid for on board services; an individual included in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; an employee of the owner, or of a subcontractor to the owner, engaged in the business of the owner; an employee of the charterer, or of a subcontractor to the charterer, engaged in the business of the charterer; or an individual employed in a phase of exploration, exploitation, or production of offshore mineral or energy resources served by the vessel; an individual included in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; a managing operator; an employee of the owner, or of a subcontractor to the owner, engaged in the business of the owner; an employee of the charterer, or of a subcontractor to the charterer, engaged in the business of the charterer; or an observer or sea sampler on board the vessel pursuant to a requirement of State or Federal law; or an individual included in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; an employee of the owner of the vessel engaged in the business of the owner, except when the vessel is operating under a demise charter; an employee of the demise charterer of the vessel engaged in the business of the demise charterer; or a sailing school instructor or sailing school student. “passenger for hire” means a passenger for whom consideration is contributed as a condition of carriage on the vessel, whether directly or indirectly flowing to the owner, charterer, operator, agent, or any other person having an interest in the vessel. carrying more than 12 passengers, including at least one passenger for hire; that is chartered and carrying more than 12 passengers; that is a submersible vessel carrying at least one passenger for hire; or that is a ferry carrying a passenger. “product carrier” means a tanker engaged in the trade of carrying oil except crude oil. is owned, or demise chartered, and operated by the United States Government or a government of a foreign country; and is not engaged in commercial service. being manufactured or operated primarily for pleasure; or leased, rented, or chartered to another for the latter’s pleasure. “recreational vessel manufacturer” means a person engaged in the manufacturing, construction, assembly, or importation of recreational vessels, components, or associated equipment. has not been issued a merchant mariner document under chapter 73; watchstanding, automated engine room duty watch, or personnel safety functions; or cargo handling functions, including any activity relating to the loading or unloading of cargo, the operation of cargo-related equipment (whether or not integral to the vessel), and the handling of mooring lines on the dock when the vessel is made fast or let go; does not serve as part of the crew complement required under section 8101; is not a member of the steward’s department; and is not a citizen or temporary or permanent resident of a country designated by the United States as a sponsor of terrorism or any other country that the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the heads of other appropriate United States agencies, determines to be a security threat to the United States. any subject related to that operation and to the sea, including seamanship, navigation, oceanography, other nautical and marine sciences, and maritime history and literature; and only when in conjunction with a subject referred to in subclause (A) of this clause, instruction in mathematics and language arts skills to sailing school students having learning disabilities. “sailing school instructor” means an individual who is on board a sailing school vessel to provide sailing instruction, but does not include an operator or crewmember who is among those required to be on board the vessel to meet a requirement established under part F of this subtitle. “sailing school student” means an individual who is on board a sailing school vessel to receive sailing instruction. that is less than 500 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title; carrying more than 6 individuals who are sailing school instructors or sailing school students; principally equipped for propulsion by sail, even if the vessel has an auxiliary means of propulsion; and owned or demise chartered, and operated by an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of that Code, or by a State or political subdivision of a State, during times that the vessel is operated by the organization, State, or political subdivision only for sailing instruction. Subject to subparagraph (B), “scientific personnel” means individuals on board an oceanographic research vessel only to engage in scientific research, or to instruct or receive instruction in oceanography or limnology. engage in scientific research; instruct in oceanography or limnology; or receive instruction in oceanography or limnology. For purposes of clause (i), the age of an individual may not be considered in determining whether the individual is described in such clause. “seagoing barge” means a non-self-propelled vessel of at least 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title making voyages beyond the Boundary Line. “seagoing motor vessel” means a motor vessel of at least 300 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title making voyages beyond the Boundary Line. “Secretary” means the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. “sexual assault” means any form of abuse or contact as defined in chapter 109A of title 18, or a substantially similar offense under State, local, or Tribal law. submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of employment, pay, career, benefits, or entitlements of the individual; submission to, or rejection, of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis for decisions affecting that individual’s job, pay, career, benefits, or entitlements; such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment; or conduct may have been by an individual’s supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or another credentialed mariner; and is so severe or pervasive that a reasonable person would perceive, and the victim does perceive, the environment as hostile or offensive; any use or condonation associated with first-hand or personal knowledge, by any individual in a supervisory or command position, of any form of sexual behavior to control, influence, or affect the career, pay, benefits, entitlements, or employment of a subordinate; or any intentional or repeated unwelcome verbal comment or gesture of a sexual nature towards or about an individual by the individual’s supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a coworker, or another credentialed mariner. carrying more than 6 passengers, including at least one passenger for hire; that is chartered with the crew provided or specified by the owner or the owner’s representative and carrying more than 6 passengers; that is chartered with no crew provided or specified by the owner or the owner’s representative and carrying more than 12 passengers; that is a submersible vessel carrying at least one passenger for hire; or that is a ferry carrying more than 6 passengers. “steam vessel” means a vessel propelled in whole or in part by steam, except a recreational vessel of not more than 40 feet in length. “submersible vessel” means a vessel that is capable of operating below the surface of the water. “tanker” means a self-propelled tank vessel constructed or adapted primarily to carry oil or hazardous material in bulk in the cargo spaces. is a vessel of the United States; operates on the navigable waters of the United States; or transfers oil or hazardous material in a port or place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. “towing vessel” means a commercial vessel engaged in or intending to engage in the service of pulling, pushing, or hauling along side, or any combination of pulling, pushing, or hauling along side. carrying not more than 12 passengers, including at least one passenger for hire; or that is chartered with the crew provided or specified by the owner or the owner’s representative and carrying not more than 12 passengers; and carrying not more than 6 passengers, including at least one passenger for hire; or that is chartered with the crew provided or specified by the owner or the owner’s representative and carrying not more than 6 passengers. “uninspected vessel” means a vessel not subject to inspection under section 3301 of this title that is not a recreational vessel. belonging to the armed forces of a country; bearing the external marks distinguishing vessels of war of that country; under the command of an officer commissioned by the government of that country and whose name appears in the appropriate service list or its equivalent; and staffed by a crew under regular armed forces discipline. “wing-in-ground craft” means a vessel that is capable of operating completely above the surface of the water on a dynamic air cushion created by aerodynamic lift due to the ground effect between the vessel and the water’s surface. For Great Lakes barges placed in operation after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 4, 1992], the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 3301 of this title] take effect on the date of enactment of this Act. For Great Lakes barges in operation on the date of enactment of this Act, the amendments made by this section take effect one year after the date of enactment of this Act. The Secretary of Transportation may impose reasonable interim requirements to assure safe operation of the barges affected by paragraph (1).” the term ‘Boundary Line’ has the meaning given the term in section 103 of title 46, United States Code; the term ‘Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection’ has the meaning given the term in section 3305(d)(4) of title 46, United States Code; and the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. operating outside the Boundary Line solely to perform regular harbor assist operations; or listed as a response vessel on a vessel response plan and is operating outside the Boundary Line solely to perform duties of a response vessel; the vessel is approved for operations outside the Boundary Line by the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection and the Coast Guard Marine Safety Center; and the vessel has sufficient manning and lifesaving equipment for all persons on board, in accordance with part 15 and section 141.225 of title 46, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation). that is subject to inspection under chapter 33 of title 46, United States Code, and subchapter M of chapter I of title 46, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation); with only ‘Lakes, Bays, and Sounds’ or ‘Rivers’ routes recorded on such vessel’s certificate of inspection pursuant to section 136.230 of title 46, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation); that, with respect to a vessel described in subsection (b)(1)(A), is operating as a harbor assist vessel and regularly engaged in harbor assist operations, including the docking, undocking, mooring, unmooring, and escorting of vessels with limited maneuverability; and on a vessel response plan under part 155 of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations, on the date of approval of the vessel response plan; or by name or reference in the vessel response plan’s geographic-specific appendix on the date of approval of the vessel response plan. be less than 12 hours in total duration; originate and end in the inspection zone of a single Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection; and occur no further than 10 nautical miles from the Boundary Line. originate and end in the inspection zone of a single Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection; and in the case of a voyage in the territorial waters of Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, have sufficient manning as determined by the Secretary; or be less than 12 hours. The Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection for an inspection zone may restrict operations under the interim exemption provided under subsection (b) for safety purposes. The Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection for an inspection zone shall maintain and periodically update a comprehensive list of all towing vessels described in subsection (c) that operate in the inspection zone. the date, time, and length of voyage; a crew list, with each crew member’s credentials and work hours; and an attestation from the master of the towing vessel that the vessel has sufficient manning and lifesaving equipment for all persons on board. The impacts of the interim exemption provided under this section. Any safety concerns regarding the expiration of such interim exemption. Whether such interim exemption should be extended. The interim exemption provided under subsection (b) shall terminate on the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.” In this section, ‘fish tender vessel’, ‘fishing vessel’, and ‘tank vessel’ have the meanings given those terms under section 2101 of title 46, United States Code. A fishing vessel or fish tender vessel of not more than 750 gross tons, when engaged only in the fishing industry, shall not be deemed to be a tank vessel for the purposes of any law. This section does not affect the authority of the Secretary of Transportation under chapter 33 of title 46, United States Code, to regulate the operation of the vessels listed in subsection (b) to ensure the safe carriage of oil and hazardous substances. This section does not affect the requirement for fish tender vessels engaged in the Aleutian trade to comply with chapters 33, 45, 51, 81, and 87 of title 46, United States Code, as provided in the Aleutian Trade Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–595) [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title].” Revised regulations governing small passenger vessels and passenger vessels (as the definitions of those terms in section 2101 of title 46, United States Code, are amended by this Act) shall not, before the date that is 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 1993], apply to such vessels when chartered with no crew provided. The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall extend for up to 30 additional months or until issuance of a certificate of inspection, whichever occurs first, the period of inapplicability specified in subsection (a) if the owner of the vessel concerned carries out the provisions of subsection (c) to the satisfaction of the Secretary. make application for inspection with the Coast Guard within 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 1993]; make the vessel available for examination by the Coast Guard prior to the carriage of passengers; correct especially any hazardous conditions involving the vessel’s structure, electrical system, and machinery installation, such as (i) grossly inadequate, missing, unsound, or severely deteriorated frames or major structural members; (ii) wiring systems or electrical appliances without proper grounding or overcurrent protection; and (iii) significant fuel or exhaust system leaks; equip the vessel with lifesaving and fire fighting equipment, or the portable equivalent, required for the route and number of persons carried; and verify through stability tests, calculations, or other practical means (which may include a history of safe operations) that the vessel’s stability is satisfactory for the size, route, and number of passengers; and develop a work plan approved by the Coast Guard to complete in a good faith effort all requirements necessary for issuance of a certificate of inspection as soon as practicable. The owner of a vessel receiving an extension under this section shall operate the vessel under the conditions of route, service, number of passengers, manning, and equipment as may be prescribed by the Coast Guard for the extension period.” In this section, ‘offshore supply vessel’, ‘fish tender vessel’, ‘fishing vessel’, and ‘tank vessel’ have the meanings given those terms under section 2101 of title 46, United States Code. An offshore supply vessel of less than 500 gross tons as measured under section 14502, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of such title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of such title. A fishing or fish tender vessel of not more than 750 gross tons that transfers without charge to a fishing vessel owned by the same person. configured, outfitted, and operated primarily for dredging operations; and engaged in dredging operations which transfers fuel to other vessels engaged in the same dredging operations without charge. This section does not affect the authority of the Secretary of Transportation under chapter 33 of title 46, United States Code, to regulate the operation of the vessels listed in subsection (b) to ensure the safe carriage of oil and hazardous substances. This section does not affect the requirement for fish tender vessels engaged in the Aleutian trade to comply with chapters 33, 45, 51, 81, and 87 of title 46, United States Code, as provided in the Aleutian Trade Act of 1990 ([title VI of] Public Law 101–595) [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title]. Current regulations governing the vessels in subsection (b) remain in effect.” The term ‘Commandant’ means the Commandant of the Coast Guard. The term ‘recognized organization’ has the meaning given that term in section 2.45–1 of title 46, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 11, 2018]. The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating.” In this subtitle— “associated equipment”— means— “ferry” means a vessel that is used on a regular schedule— to transport only— “hazardous material” means a liquid material or substance that is— “major conversion” means a conversion of a vessel that— “marine environment” means— “nautical school program” means a program that— “overall in length” means— for a foreign vessel or a vessel engaged on a foreign voyage, the greater of— “passenger”— means an individual carried on the vessel except— on an offshore supply vessel, means an individual carried on the vessel except— on a fishing vessel, fish processing vessel, or fish tender vessel, means an individual carried on the vessel except— on a sailing school vessel, means an individual carried on the vessel except— “passenger vessel” means a vessel of at least 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title— “public vessel” means a vessel that— “recreational vessel” means a vessel— “riding gang member” means an individual who— does not perform— “sailing instruction” means teaching, research, and practical experience in operating vessels propelled primarily by sail and may include— “sailing school vessel” means a vessel— Such term includes an individual who is on board an oceanographic research vessel only to— “sexual harassment” means— conduct that— involves unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or deliberate or repeated offensive comments or gestures of a sexual nature if any— “small passenger vessel” means a wing-in-ground craft, regardless of tonnage, carrying at least one passenger for hire, and a vessel of less than 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title— “tank vessel” means a vessel that is constructed or adapted to carry, or that carries, oil or hazardous material in bulk as cargo or cargo residue, and that— “uninspected passenger vessel” means an uninspected vessel— of at least 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title— of less than 100 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title— “vessel of war” means a vessel— In this section— A towing vessel described in subsection (c) and a response vessel included on a vessel response plan are exempt from any additional requirements of subtitle II of title 46, United States Code, and chapter I of title 33 and chapter I of title 46, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021]), that would result solely from such vessel operating outside the Boundary Line, if— the vessel is— This section applies to a towing vessel— that, with respect to a vessel that is described in subsection (b)(1)(B), is listed— A vessel exempted under subsection (b) is subject to the following operating limitations: The voyage of a vessel described in subsection (b)(1)(A) shall— The voyage of a vessel described in subsection (b)(1)(B) shall— either— Not later than 24 hours prior to intended operations outside of the Boundary Line, a towing vessel exempted under subsection (b) shall notify the Office in Charge, Marine Inspection for the inspection zone of such operations. Such notification shall include— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall brief the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives regarding the following: To receive an extension authorized by subsection (b), the owner of the vessel shall— The following vessels are deemed not to be a tank vessel for the purposes of any law: A vessel— (Source: (Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 98–364, title IV, § 402(1), July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 445; Pub. L. 98–454, title III, § 301(a), Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 98–557, § 34(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2876; Pub. L. 99–307, § 1(1), (2), May 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 444; Pub. L. 99–509, title V, § 5102(b)(1), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1926; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 99–640, §§ 10(b)(1), 11(a), 13(d), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3549–3551; Pub. L. 100–239, § 6(a)(1), Jan. 11, 1988, 101 Stat. 1781; Pub. L. 100–424, § 8(c)(1), Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1593; Pub. L. 100–710, title I, § 104(a)(1), (2), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4749; Pub. L. 101–225, title II, § 209, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1913; Pub. L. 101–380, title IV, § 4103(a)(2)(A), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 101–595, title VI, § 603(1), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2993; Pub. L. 102–587, title V, § 5208(a), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5075; Pub. L. 103–206, title V, §§ 502–510, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2439–2441; Pub. L. 103–272, § 5(l), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1375; Pub. L. 104–324, title VII, § 709, title XI, § 1104(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3934, 3966; Pub. L. 105–383, title III, § 301(b)(1), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3417; Pub. L. 107–217, § 3(m)(1), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1302; Pub. L. 107–295, title IV, § 419, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2124; Pub. L. 109–241, title III, §§ 301, 312(b), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 526, 533; Pub. L. 109–304, § 15(2), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1702; Pub. L. 111–281, title VI, §§ 617(a)(1)(A), 618, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 2972, 2975; Pub. L. 111–330, § 1(9), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3570; Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXV, § 3541(a)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2322; Pub. L. 115–282, title V, § 515, Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4279; Pub. L. 117–263, div. K, title CXVI, § 11601(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 4145; Pub. L. 119–60, div. G, title LXXIII, § 7301(a), (k)(1)(A), title LXXVII, § 7701(f)(1), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1751, 1759, 1835.))