Congressional findings; priority goals

the general welfare, the security, the economic health and stability of the Nation, the conservation and efficient utilization of its natural and human resources, and the effective functioning of government and society require vigorous, perceptive support and employment of science and technology in achieving national objectives; the many large and complex scientific and technological factors which increasingly influence the course of national and international events require appropriate provision, involving long-range, inclusive planning as well as more immediate program development, to incorporate scientific and technological knowledge in the national decisionmaking process; the scientific and technological capabilities of the United States, when properly fostered, applied, and directed, can effectively assist in improving the quality of life, in anticipating and resolving critical and emerging international, national, and local problems, in strengthening the Nation’s international economic position, and in furthering its foreign policy objectives; Federal funding for science and technology represents an investment in the future which is indispensable to sustained national progress and human betterment, and there should be a continuing national investment in science, engineering, and technology which is commensurate with national needs and opportunities and the prevalent economic situation; the manpower pool of scientists, engineers, and technicians, constitutes an invaluable national resource which should be utilized to the fullest extent possible; and the Nation’s capabilities for technology assessment and for technological planning and policy formulation must be strengthened at both Federal and State levels. fostering leadership in the quest for international peace and progress toward human freedom, dignity, and well-being by enlarging the contributions of American scientists and engineers to the knowledge of man and his universe, by making discoveries of basic science widely available at home and abroad, and by utilizing technology in support of United States national and foreign policy goals; increasing the efficient use of essential materials and products, and generally contributing to economic opportunity, stability, and appropriate growth; assuring an adequate supply of food, materials, and energy for the Nation’s needs; contributing to the national security; improving the quality of health care available to all residents of the United States; preserving, fostering, and restoring a healthful and esthetic natural environment; providing for the protection of the oceans and coastal zones, and the polar regions, and the efficient utilization of their resources; strengthening the economy and promoting full employment through useful scientific and technological innovations; increasing the quality of educational opportunities available to all residents of the United States; promoting the conservation and efficient utilization of the Nation’s natural and human resources; improving the Nation’s housing, transportation, and communication systems, and assuring the provision of effective public services throughout urban, suburban, and rural areas; eliminating air and water pollution, and unnecessary, unhealthful, or ineffective drugs and food additives; and advancing the exploration and peaceful uses of outer space. This section may be cited as the ‘Industries of the Future Act of 2020’. Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021], the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall submit to Congress a report on research and development investments, infrastructure, and workforce development investments of the Federal Government that enable continued United States leadership in industries of the future. A definition, for purposes of this section, of the term ‘industries of the future’ that includes emerging technologies. An assessment of the current baseline of investments in civilian research and development investments of the Federal Government in the industries of the future. A plan to double such baseline investments in artificial intelligence and quantum information science by fiscal year 2022. A detailed plan to increase investments described in subparagraph (B) in industries of the future to $10,000,000,000 per year by fiscal year 2025. A plan to leverage investments described in subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) in industries of the future to elicit complimentary investments by non-Federal entities, including providing incentives for significant complementary investments by such entities and facilitating public-private partnerships. Proposals for the Federal Government, including any necessary draft legislation, to implement such plans. The President shall establish or designate a council to advise the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy on matters relevant to the Director and the industries of the future. The council established or designated under subparagraph (A) shall be known as the ‘Industries of the Future Coordination Council’ (in this section the ‘Council’). One member appointed by the Director. A chairperson of the Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence of the National Science and Technology Council. A chairperson of the Subcommittee on Advanced Manufacturing of the National Science and Technology Council. A chairperson of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council. Such other members as the President considers appropriate. The member appointed to the Council under paragraph (A)(i) shall serve as the chairperson of the Council. Federal investments required in fundamental research and development, infrastructure, technology transfer, and workforce development of the United States workers who will support the industries of the future. Actions necessary to create and further develop the workforce that will support the industries of the future. Actions required to leverage the strength of the research and development ecosystem of the United States, which includes academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations, to support industries of the future. Ways that the Federal Government can consider leveraging existing partnerships and creating new partnerships and other multisector collaborations to advance the industries of the future. Actions required to accelerate the translation of federally funded research and development to practice and meaningful benefits for society while mitigating any risks. To provide the Director with advice on matters relevant to the report required under subsection (b). The Council shall coordinate with and utilize relevant existing National Science and Technology Council committees to the maximum extent feasible in order to minimize duplication of effort. The Federal Advisory Committee Act ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] shall not apply to the Council established under this subsection. The Council shall terminate on the date that is 6 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021].” The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, acting through the National Science and Technology Council, in consultation with the National Security Advisor, shall establish or designate an interagency working group to coordinate activities to protect federally funded research and development from foreign interference, cyber attacks, theft, or espionage and to develop common definitions and best practices for Federal science agencies and grantees, while accounting for the importance of the open exchange of ideas and international talent required for scientific progress and American leadership in science and technology. the National Science Foundation; the Department of Energy; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the Department of Commerce; the Department of Health and Human Services; the Department of Defense; the Department of Agriculture; the Department of Education; the Department of State; the Department of the Treasury; the Department of Justice; the Department of Homeland Security; the Central Intelligence Agency; the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; the Office of Management and Budget; the National Economic Council; and such other Federal department or agency as the President considers appropriate. The working group shall be chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (or the Director’s designee). identify known and potential cyber, physical, and human intelligence threats and vulnerabilities within the United States scientific and technological enterprise; coordinate efforts among agencies to share and update important information, including specific examples of foreign interference, cyber attacks, theft, or espionage directed at federally funded research and development or the integrity of the United States scientific enterprise; identify and assess existing mechanisms for protection of federally funded research and development; terms and definitions used across Federal science agencies to delineate areas that may require additional protection; and policies and procedures at Federal science agencies regarding protection of federally funded research; and descriptions of known and potential threats to federally funded research and development and the integrity of the United States scientific enterprise; common definitions and terminology for categorization of research and technologies that are protected; identified areas of research or technology that might require additional protection; recommendations for how control mechanisms can be utilized to protect federally funded research and development from foreign interference, cyber attacks, theft or espionage, including any recommendations for updates to existing control mechanisms; recommendations for best practices for Federal science agencies, universities, and grantees to defend against threats to federally funded research and development, including coordination and harmonization of any relevant reporting requirements that Federal science agencies implement for grantees, and by providing such best practices with grantees and universities at the time of awarding such grants or entering into research contracts; a remediation plan for grantees and universities to mitigate the risks regarding such threats before research grants or contracts are cancelled because of such threats; recommendations for providing opportunities and facilities for academic researchers to perform controlled and classified research in support of Federal missions; assessments of potential consequences that any proposed practices would have on international collaboration and United States leadership in science and technology; and a classified addendum as necessary to further inform Federal science agency decisionmaking; and accounts for the range of needs across different sectors of the United States science and technology enterprise. develop and issue policy guidance to Federal science agencies with more than $100,000,000 in extramural research in fiscal year 2018 to protect against threats to federally funded research and the United States science enterprise, including foreign interference, cyber attacks, theft, or espionage; and encourage consistency in the policies developed by Federal science agencies with more than $100,000,000 in extramural research in fiscal year 2018, as appropriate, and factoring in the potential range of applications across different areas of science and technology. The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall coordinate with the Academies to ensure that at least one member of the interagency working group is also a member of the roundtable under subsection (b). Not later than six months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall provide a report to the relevant committees that includes the inventory required under paragraph (3)(D), and an update on progress toward developing the policy guidance required under paragraphs (3)(E) and (4), as well as any additional activities undertaken by the working group in that time. Two years after the date of enactment of this Act, and at least every two years thereafter, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall provide a summary report to the relevant committees on the activities of the working group and the most current version of the policy guidance required under paragraph (4). The working group established or designated under paragraph (1) shall terminate on the date that is ten years after the date on which such working group is established or designated. The National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, and the Department of Defense, and any other agencies as determined by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall enter into a joint agreement with the Academies to create a new ‘National Science, Technology, and Security Roundtable’ (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the ‘roundtable’). The roundtable shall include senior representatives and practitioners from Federal science, intelligence, and national security agencies, law enforcement, as well as key stakeholders in the United States scientific enterprise including institutions of higher education, Federal research laboratories, industry, and non-profit research organizations. exploration of critical issues related to protecting United States national and economic security while ensuring the open exchange of ideas and international talent required for scientific progress and American leadership in science and technology; identification and consideration of security threats and risks involving federally funded research and development, including foreign interference, cyber attacks, theft, or espionage; identification of effective approaches for communicating the threats and risks identified in subparagraph (b) to the academic and scientific community, including through the sharing of unclassified data and relevant case studies; sharing of best practices for addressing and mitigating the threats and risks identified in subparagraph (B); and examination of potential near- and long-term responses by the Government and the academic and scientific community to mitigate and address the risks associated with foreign threats. the roundtable shall periodically organize workshops and issue publicly available reports on the topics described in paragraph (3) and the activities of the roundtable; not later than March 1, 2020, the Academies shall provide a briefing to the relevant committees on the progress and activities of the roundtable; and the Academies shall issue a final report on its activities to the relevant committees before the end of fiscal year 2024. The roundtable shall terminate on September 30, 2024. The term ‘Academies’ means the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine. The term ‘Federal science agency’ means any Federal agency with at least $100,000,000 in basic and applied research obligations in fiscal year 2018. a recipient or subrecipient of a Federal grant or cooperative agreement; and an institution of higher education or a non-profit organization. the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives; the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives; the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.” The Physical Science Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council (referred to in this section as ‘Subcommittee’) shall continue to coordinate Federal efforts related to high-energy physics research to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of United States investment in high-energy physics. to advise and assist the Committee on Science and the National Science and Technology Council on United States policies, procedures, and plans in the physical sciences, including high-energy physics; and in high-energy physics research, including related underground science and engineering research; in physical infrastructure and facilities; in information and analysis; and in coordination activities. provide recommendations on planning for construction and stewardship of large facilities participating in high-energy physics; provide recommendations on research coordination and collaboration among the programs and activities of Federal agencies related to underground science, neutrino research, dark energy, and dark matter research; establish goals and priorities for high-energy physics, related underground science, and research and development that will strengthen United States competitiveness in high-energy physics; propose methods for engagement with international, Federal, and State agencies and Federal laboratories not represented on the National Science and Technology Council to identify and reduce regulatory, logistical, and fiscal barriers that inhibit United States leadership in high-energy physics and related underground science; and the efforts taken in support of paragraph (2) since the last strategic plan; an evaluation of the current research needs for maintaining United States leadership in high-energy physics; and an identification of future priorities in the area of high-energy physics. The Subcommittee shall continue to coordinate Federal efforts related to radiation biology research to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of United States investment in radiation biology. advise and assist the National Science and Technology Council on policies and initiatives in radiation biology, including enhancing scientific knowledge of the effects of low dose radiation on biological systems to improve radiation risk management methods; identify opportunities to stimulate international cooperation and leverage research and knowledge from sources outside of the United States; ensure coordination between the Department of Energy Office of Science, [National Science] Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Institutes of Health, Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Defense, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and Department of Homeland Security; identify ongoing scientific challenges for understanding the long-term effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems; and formulate overall scientific goals for the future of low-dose radiation research in the United States. The Subcommittee shall continue to coordinate Federal efforts related to fusion energy research to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of United States investment in fusion energy sciences. advise and assist the National Science and Technology Council on policies and initiatives in fusion energy sciences, including enhancing scientific knowledge of fusion energy science, plasma physics, and related materials sciences; identify opportunities to stimulate international cooperation and leverage research and knowledge from sources outside of the United States, including the ITER project; ensure coordination between the Department of Energy Office of Science, National Nuclear Security Administration, Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [National Science] Foundation, and Department of Defense regarding fusion energy sciences and plasma physics; and formulate overall scientific goals for the future of fusion energy sciences and plasma physics.” The Congress, recognizing the profound impact of science and technology on society, and the interrelations of scientific, technological, economic, social, political, and institutional factors, hereby finds and declares that— As a consequence, the Congress finds and declares that science and technology should contribute to the following priority goals without being limited thereto: The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include the following: The Council shall be composed of employees of the Federal Government who shall be appointed as follows: The duties of the Council are as follows: To provide the Director with advice on ways in which in [sic] the Federal Government can ensure the United States continues to lead the world in developing emerging technologies that improve the quality of life of the people of the United States, increase economic competitiveness of the United States, and strengthen the national security of the United States, including identification of the following: The working group shall include at least one representative of— The working group established under paragraph (1) shall— develop an inventory of— develop and periodically update unclassified recommendations for policy guidance to assist Federal science agencies and grantees in defending against threats to federally funded research and development and the integrity of the United States scientific enterprise that— includes— Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in consultation with the working group established under paragraph (1), shall— The purpose of the roundtable is to facilitate among participants— The joint agreement under paragraph (1) shall specify that— In this section: The term ‘grantee’ means an entity that is— The term ‘relevant committees’ means— The purposes of the Subcommittee include— to identify emerging opportunities, stimulate international cooperation, and foster the development of the physical sciences in the United States, including— In regard to coordinating Federal efforts related to high-energy physics research, the Subcommittee shall, taking into account the findings and recommendations of relevant advisory committees— develop, and update as necessary, a strategic plan to guide Federal programs and activities in support of high-energy physics research, including— In regard to coordinating Federal efforts related to radiation biology research, the Subcommittee shall— In regard to coordinating Federal efforts related to fusion energy sciences, the Subcommittee shall— (Source: (Pub. L. 94–282, title I, § 101, May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 459.))