Signatures in Electronic Filings

(a) A registered user’s log-in and password serve as the user’s signature on all documents electronically filed with the court and as a signature for purposes of Fed. R. Civ. P. 11, these rules, and any other purpose for which a signature is required in connection with proceedings before the court. (b) Except as provided by L.R. 11.2, where a hand signature would otherwise appear, each document filed electronically by a registered user must be signed with the filing attorney’s name, e.g., “/s/ John E. Attorney,” a digital stamp, or a scanned handwritten signature. (c) A registered user must not knowingly permit or cause his or her log-in and password to be used by anyone other than an authorized agent of the registered user. If a registered user has reason to suspect that the security of his or her log-in and password have been compromised, the clerk must be contacted immediately.