Hon. Erithe A. Smith · U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California
=== Courtroom Policies & Procedures ===
COURTROOM POLICIES AND PROCEDURES HONORABLE ERITHE A. SMITH COURTROOM 5A The following is a summary of general courtroom policies and procedures which will be observed by Judge Smith. Such policies and procedures are intended as a supplement to and not a replacement for the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code ("Code"), the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure ("Bankruptcy Rules"), the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ("Federal Rules") and the Local Rules for the Central District of California ("Local Rules"), all of which are applicable to practice before this Court. The following summary is not intended to cover all circumstances of matters before the Court and certain policies and procedures may be adjusted in certain cases where appropriate. I. MOTIONS IN GENERAL A. Evidentiary Requirements: All motions and applications must be supported by declaration(s). Pleadings submitted without supporting declarations will likely be denied, even if no opposition is filed. In matters where an appraisal is submitted in support of a pleading, e.g., relief from stay matters, the appraisal must be authenticated by a declaration of the appraiser or the appraisal will not be considered. B. M otions without Hearings: With respect to all motions filed pursuant to Local Rule 9013-1(o) or otherwise not requiring a hearing absent an objection and request for a hearing, the moving party must file a declaration stating that no opposition to the motion has been served within the objection period. The order will not be signed and/or rejected absent such a declaration. II. RELIEF FROM STAY MOTIONS A. Evidentiary Requirements: Moving parties asserting a security interest in property of the debtor must attach evidence of such recorded security interest to the motion. In cases where the original note/deed of trust has been assigned, copies of all recorded assignments must be attached to the motion. Stated otherwise, no orders granting relief from the stay will be signed absent properly authenticated documentary evidence of the movant's beneficial interest in the debtor's property. 1 With respect to unlawful detainer motions, such motions must be supported by a declaration of the owner or property manager and a properly authenticated copy of the unlawful detainer complaint (with state court's stamp) and/or the state court judgment. Failure to provide such evidence may result in denial of the motion even if the debtor fails to respon d or appear. B. Extraordinary Relief: 1. Prospective Relief as to Debtor (i.e., relief from the stay effective in any subsequent bankruptcy filed by the debtor within a 180-day period): Granted only upon good cause shown, e.g., multiple filings. 2. "In Rem" Relief (i.e., relief from the stay effective in any subsequent bankruptcies -- even non-debtors -- involving the subject property): Granted only in the most egregious bad faith cases, usually involving multiple transfers of property. III. ADVERSARY PROCEEDINGS A. M otions for Entry of Default Judgment A prove-up motion is required. The motion may be set for hearing or filed on a no- hearing basis pursuant to Local Rule 9013-1(o). The motion must be served upon the defendant in accordance with Local Rule 9013-1 and must be supported by declaration and appropriate documentary evidence, e.g., invoices, statements, contracts, etc. Absent exigent circumstances (as shown by declaration of the moving party's attorney), a motion for entry of default judgment will not be continued more than once. B. Joint Status R eport/Joint Pretrial Order: Joint Status Reports and Joint Pretrial Orders must be timely filed in accordance with Local Rule 7016-1. Parties failing to do so will be subject to a minimum sanction of $100.00 or other sanctions as allowed under Local Rule 7016-1. Failure to appear for a status conference or pretrial conference may result in a minimum sanction of $100.00 or other sanctions as allowed under Local Rule 7016-1. The attorney responsible for litigating the trial MUST appear at the pretrial conference. Failure to appear at the pretrial conference may result in the imposition of sanctions and issuance of an order to show cause why the case should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute. IV. SELF-CALENDA RING Judge Smith utilizes the self-calendaring system for all hearings, with 2 exceptions as noted in the self-calendaring instructions. Please go to the Court’s website at www.cacb.uscourts.gov for self-calendaring instructions and/or to select a self-calendaring hearing date before Judge Smith. If you should experience a problem, please contact James Le, Courtroom Deputy, directly at (714) 338-5372. Please do not contact chambers for self-calendaring issues. V. TENTATIVE RULINGS: Judge Smith generally issues tentative rulings regarding law and motion matters by 5 p.m. of the day prior to the beginning of the hearing day. Tentative rulings are posted on the bulletin board outside the courtroom, at the attorney tables in the courtroom, on the court’s website (www.cacb.uscourts.gov) and on PACER. Tentative rulings may not be rendered on every matter. If a tentative ruling has been issued and the moving party wishes to accept the tentative ruling, the moving party need not check in or make an appearance if: 1) no opposition has been filed; and 2) the tentative ruling does not specifically require an appearance. If the moving party chooses to rest on the tentative ruling and an opposing party appears to argue against the ruling, the Court will determine if a continuance of the hearing is warranted and will notify the moving party of the continued hearing date. VI. HEARINGS BY ZOOM AUDIO A ND VIDEO Hearing participants and members of the public may view and listen to hearings before Judge Smith using ZoomGov free of charge. Video and audio connection information for each hearing will be provided on Judge Smith's publicly posted hearing calendar, which may be viewed online at: http://ecf-ciao.cacb.uscourts.gov/CiaoPosted/?jid=ES and selecting “Judge Smith” from the tab on the left side of the page. For more details on appearing via ZoomGov, please see the “Notice of Video and Telephonic Appearance Procedures” in the Telephonic Instructions section of this page. VII. SERVICE OF PLEADINGS Failure to properly serve pleadings in accordance with applicable rules will result in either a continuance of the hearing or denial of the relief requested. Under Bankruptcy Rule 9014, certain contested matters must be served in accordance with Bankruptcy Rule 7004. For example, Rule 7004(b)(3) requires that service upon a corporation or partnership be made to the attention of an officer, managing or general agent or any other person authorized by appointment or by law to receive service. 3 VIII. JUDGES’ OR COURTESY COPIES Except for documents 200 pages or over, including exhibits, Judge Smith does not require judges’ copies. Judges’ copies for documents 200 pages and over should still be provided. Parties are reminded that the judge and chambers staff do not receive electronic notices of filings and therefore, (a) for documents that are filed late, and (b) for matters that are not the subject of an electronically uploaded order (LOU), parties must contact the chambers of the presiding judge and advise chambers of the filing. IX. PROPOSED ORDERS Judge Smith generally adheres to procedures set forth in LBR 9021-1(b)(3) and (b)(4), except as to orders on motions for relief from stay. Orders on motions for relief from stay, whether the motion was opposed or not, will be processed in regular course and without waiting for any objection period to expire. With regard to other opposed motions, a notice of lodgment (“NOL”) with the proposed order attached must be filed and served on all opposing parties unless opposing counsel has endorsed the proposed order as to form. If opposing counsel has endorsed the form of the proposed order, the court will process the order in regular course. If opposing counsel has not endorsed the proposed order, the court will hold the proposed order for seven (7) days to allow opposing counsel to file and serve any objection to the proposed order. If an objection is timely filed, Judge Smith will review the objection and/or alternate order as well as the originally lodged order and sign the order that is most consistent with her ruling. If no objection is timely filed, the court will process the proposed order in regular course after the seven (7) day objection period has expired. X. COURT ROOM ETIQUETTE Unless court is in session, please check in with the Court Recorder prior to your scheduled hearing. Do not approach or speak with the Court Recorder while a hearing is in progress. The use of electronic devices (e.g., pagers, cellular phones, and other devices subject to ring or buzz) in the courtroom are strictly prohib ited. “Second Call” - If you have a conflict which needs to be placed on "second call", please contact Judge Smith’s Chambers at (714) 338-5440. If you are not present when your matter is called, and no communication has been received, your motion may be denied for failure to appear. 4 JUDGE SMITH’S STAFF CONTACTS: James Le, Courtroom Dep uty Tamika Law, Court Recorder Last updated 3/8/23 (714) 338-5372 (714) 338-5367 5
=== Notice to Practitioners Re: LBR 7016-1(a)(2) ===
Notice to Practitioners, Santa Ana Division Regarding Requirement for Timely Filing of Status Conference Reports in Adversary Proceedings and Imposition of Sanctions The Judges of the Santa Ana Division have noticed a steady increase in the number of parties failing to file either timely or at all the status conference reports required under Local Bankruptcy Rule 7016-1(a)(2). The Rule requires a filing of the status conference report at least 14 days before the status conference and provides for imposition of sanctions under Local Rule 7016-1(f) for noncompliance. Until now the Judges have merely exhorted practitioners to remember the Rule and have threatened imposition of sanctions for non- compliance, but have rarely actually imposed sanctions. However, these measures appear to have been ineffective. Failure to abide by the Rule severely interferes with the processes of the Court and last-minute filing of status conference reports imposes an undue burden on the Court and its staff. Therefore, please take notice that commencing January 2009 sanctions will be imposed as the rule rather than the exception for failure to comply with Local Rule 7016-1.
=== Trial Procedures Supplemental to Local Rules ===
TRIAL PROCEDURES SUPPLEMENTAL TO LOCAL RULES Hon. Erithe A. Smith Courtroom 5A Effective as to all adversary proceedings Trial Briefs: Unless otherwise ordered by the Court, trial briefs are required. Pursuant to Local Bankruptcy Rule 9013-2(a), trial briefs shall be filed seven (7) calendar days prior to trial. Testimony: Based on Local Rule 43-1 of the District Court for the Central District of California, attorneys are required to submit all direct testimony by declaration unless: i) the witness is adverse or refuses to give testimony by declaration; or ii) the testimony is offered to impeach or rebut. The parties may request permission to offer oral testimony supplementing matters covered in the declarations or present portions of the testimony in the declaration orally and the court may grant such a request in the interest of justice. Witnesses whose declarations are offered shall be present for cross- examination when the declarations are offered into evidence (unless the parties agree otherwise). Plaintiff shall file and serve its declarations on counsel for the defendant thirty (30) days before the trial date. Defendant shall serve its declarations on counsel for the plaintiff twenty-one (21) days before the trial date. Evidentiary objections to any declaration must be served and filed at least seven (7) calendar days before the trial date. Unless the parties stipulate in the pre-trial order to the admittance of an exhibit, foundation for admittance of exhibits (other than for impeachment or rebuttal purposes) shall be established in the declarations, although the court may allow oral testimony for this purpose. Exhibits referenced in any declaration shall be offered into evidence when the declaration is offered into evidence Exhibits: Pursuant to Local Bankruptcy Rule 9070-1(a), the Court shall be given a bench copy of exhibits to be offered into evidence (other than exhibits offered for impeachment or rebuttal purposes) on or before trial. Counsel shall have a conformed set of exhibits for opposing counsels' witnesses. Counsel shall also Updated March 8, 2023 1 have copies of exhibits used for impeachment or rebuttal for opposing counsel, witnesses, and the court. If the number of exhibits exceeds ten (10), they shall be placed in a binder properly indexed, numbered, and tabbed. An exhibit register shall also be provided with each set of exhibits. Continuance/Postponement of Trial: As a general rule, scheduled trials will NOT be continued prior to or at trial, except in extraordinary circumstances and in the interest of justice. Motions/Stipulations for continuance of the trial must be submitted in writing at least two (2) court days prior to the scheduled trial date. The parties will be contacted by the Judge's courtroom deputy as to whether the continuance has been granted or denied. Settlement: In the event that the adversary matter is settled prior to trial, the parties shall immediately contact and advise the Judge's courtroom deputy at (714) 338-5372. Updated March 8, 2023 2
=== Telephonic Appearance Procedures ===
NOTICE OF VIDEO AND TELEPHONIC APPEARANCE PROCEDURES JUDGE ERITHE A. SMITH Notwithstanding the opening of the Courthouse to in-person proceedings, in light of the overwhelming support by the Bar for continued virtual appearances, Judge Smith will continue conducting hearings remotely using ZoomGov audio and video. However, beginning September 1, 2021, Judge Smith will allow the option for in-person hearings and/or hybrid proceedings for trial and evidentiary hearings only depending on the status of the pandemic. All other matters will be conducted remotely using ZoomGov audio and video until further notice. Please see the calendaring instructions which may be located in the Self-Calendaring section of this page for more details and effective dates. Hearing participants may view and listen to hearings before Judge Smith using ZoomGov free of charge. Video and audio connection information for each hearing will be provided on Judge Smith's publicly posted hearing calendar, which may be viewed online at: http://ecf- ciao.cacb.uscourts.gov/CiaoPosted/?jid=ES and selecting “Judge Smith” from the tab on the left side of the page. For more details on appearing via ZoomGov, please see the “Notice of Video and Telephonic Appearance Procedures” in the Telephonic Instructions section of this page. BY MANDATE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS, MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC AND THE MEDIA MAY ONLY CONNECT TO THE ZOOMGOV AUDIO FEED, AND ONLY BY TELEPHONE. ACCESS TO THE VIDEO FEED BY THESE INDIVIDUALS IS PROHIBITED. IN THE CASE OF A TRIAL OR EVIDENTIARY HEARING, NO AUDIO ACCESS WILL BE PROVIDED. A ZoomGov account is not necessary for remote access, and no pre-registration is required. Remote access through ZoomGov is free of charge. The audio portion of each hearing will be recorded electronically by the Court and constitute its official record. ALL PERSONS (OTHER THAN AUTHORIZED COURT STAFF) ARE STRICTLY PROHIBITED FROM MAKING ANY AUDIO OR VIDEO RECORDING OF COURT PROCEEDINGS, BY ANY MEANS. VIOLATION OF THIS PROHIBITION MAY RESULT IN THE IMPOSITION OF MONETARY AND NON-MONETARY SANCTIONS. Remote access is a privilege. Judge Smith reserves the right to suspend or discontinue any party's remote access privileges in her discretion. Further, although Judge Smith is pleased to make this accommodation available, any party or counsel that elects to appear remotely bears the risk of malfunction or disconnection from the hearing. Tips for a Successful ZoomGov Court Experience 1. Test the video and audio capabilities of your computer or mobile device in advance of the hearing (i.e., at least one day in advance). a. You can do this by clicking on the ZoomGov meeting link posting for the hearing and/or check your video and audio using the ZoomGov app. 2. If you intend to speak at the hearing, please find a quiet place from which to participate. 3. If you are connecting to the hearing using a wireless device, you should situate yourself in a location with a strong wireless signal. 4. Dial in or connect at least 10 minutes prior to you hearing start time so that you have time to check in and make adjustments to your screen name, etc. before the hearing begins. This becomes very difficult if everyone waits until the last minute to dial in. 5. Unless and until it is your turn to speak, please mute your audio to minimize background noise. a. If connected to ZoomGov audio by telephone, you can mute or unmute your connection by pressing *6 on your phone. 5. When you first speak—and each time you speak after someone else has spoken— please say your name. This may seem awkward but is essential to making a good court record. The only part of the hearing being recorded is the audio. If a transcript is requested, it is sometimes difficult for the transcriber to know who is speaking. 6. If you are participating by video, try to avoid having a window or bright background behind you. (You may, as a result, appear on video as a shadow.) If you cannot avoid the bright background, try using a desk lamp or other light source to brighten your face. 7. If you are participating by video using a personal computer, you may separately connect to the audio feed by telephone (for improved audio) using the call-in information provided for the hearing. a. If you do this, please connect to the video feed first. In the ZoomGov app, you will be assigned a Participant Code. Use this code to associate your video and audio feeds. 8. If available, a headset-microphone often provides better sound quality for listening and speaking. 9. Participants and members of the public should at all times remember that although conducted remotely, these hearings are official court proceedings, and individuals should act accordingly. a. If video is enabled, please wear attire consistent with the decorum of court proceedings. b. ZoomGov permits the use of virtual backgrounds to safeguard your privacy. If you choose to use a virtual background, please avoid backgrounds that are offensive or distracting. 10. ZoomGov video participants are permitted to specify a display name. If using video, please specify your calendar number, first initial and last name, and client name (ex. 5, R. Smith, ABC Corp.) to assist the Court in creating a record of the proceedings. 11. Please refer to the Zoom Video Hearing Guide, accessible from the Court’s main page, for further information. Updated: December 19, 2023
=== Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, 2004-2007 ===
N E W S R E L E A S E December 3, 2003 Contact: David Madden (415) 556-6177 Ninth Circuit Taps Los Angeles Judge to Serve on Bankruptcy Appellate Panel SAN FRANCISCO — Chief Judge Mary M. Schroeder of the United States Courts for the Ninth Circuit has announced the appointment of Bankruptcy Judge Erithe A. Smith of Los Angeles to the Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel (BAP), which resolves appeals arising out of bankruptcy court decisions. Judge Smith’s appointment to the BAP was approved Nov. 20 by the Judicial Council of the Ninth Circuit, governing body for the federal courts of the western United States. She will succeed Bankruptcy Judge John E. Ryan, her colleague on the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California. Judge Ryan is completing a seven-year term on BAP, the last two as chair. Judge Smith was appointed to bankruptcy bench for the Central District of California in May 1994. Prior to that, she had been in private practice for nine years as a bankruptcy lawyer in Irvine and Newport Beach. She is the first African-American woman to serve as a bankruptcy judge in the Ninth Circuit. “Judge Smith has earned a reputation among other bankruptcy judges as hard working, very collegial and very knowledgeable about bankruptcy law,” Judge Schroeder observed. A Los Angeles native, Judge Smith received her J.D. from the Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California at Berkeley in 1982, and a B.A. in political science from Loyola Marymount University in 1979. She had been a law clerk to Bankruptcy Judge – more – Peter Elliott in Santa Ana for two years, 1983-85, and also clerked one year for the late Justice Marcus Kaufman of the California Court of Appeals after graduating from law school. Judge Smith is currently an associate editor of the American Bankruptcy Institute (ABI) Law Journal and also serves as judicial chair of the ABI’s Bankruptcy Battleground West, which presents an annual advanced educational program for bankruptcy practitioners in the Southern California area. She is a member and former director of the Black Women Lawyers Association of Los Angeles and was recently appointed to the ABA Section of Business Law Ambassadors Program, which develops programs designed to enhance the relationship between the Business Law Section and minority bar organizations. The BAP, which is based in the Richard H. Chambers United States Court of Appeals Building in Pasadena, hears some 600 cases each year, roughly 60 percent of the appeals originating out of bankruptcy courts throughout the Ninth Circuit (district courts hear the remainder of the appeals). BAP judges are appointed by the Judicial Council of the Ninth Circuit. Other bankruptcy judges from around the circuit also serve on appellate panels on a pro tem basis. The U.S. Courts for the Ninth Circuit consists of the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and the federal district and bankruptcy courts in 15 judicial districts serving nine western states and two Pacific Island jurisdictions. # # #
=== Reappointed May 2, 2008 by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ===
N E W S R E L E A S E October 17, 2007 Contact: David Madden, (415) 355-8930 Judge Erithe A. Smith Reappointed to U.S. Bankruptcy Court for Central District of California SAN FRANCISCO – Bankruptcy Judge Erithe A. Smith of Santa Ana has been reappointed to a second 14-year term on the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California. The reappointment is effective May 2, 2008. Judge Smith, 50, was first appointed to the court in 1994 and served previously in the Los Angeles division. She also recently completed three years of service on the Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, which hears appeals of bankruptcy decisions from courts in nine western states. “Judge Smith has performed admirably and is an asset to her court. I am pleased to announce her reappointment,” said Chief Judge Mary M. Schroeder of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which has statutory authority for appointments to the federal bankruptcy bench in the western states. Judge Smith received her undergraduate degree in 1979 from Loyola Marymount University and her J.D. in 1982 from the University of California Boalt Hall School of Law. Judge Smith was a law clerk to Judge Marcus Kaufman of the California Courts of Appeal from 1982 to 1983, and to Judge Peter Elliott of the Central District bankruptcy court in Santa Ana from 1983 to 1985. Her private practice experience was as an associate with McKittrick, Jackson, DeMarco & Peckenpaugh in Newport Beach from 1985 to 1987, and with Lobel Winthrop & Broker as an associate/partner from 1987 until her appointment to the bench. The U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California, one of the busiest bankruptcy courts in the nation, is authorized 24 judges and received 17,802 bankruptcy filings in 2006. – more – Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit have statutory responsibility for selecting and appointing bankruptcy judges in the nine western states that comprise the Ninth Circuit. The court uses a comprehensive merit selection process for the initial appointment and for the reappointments. Bankruptcy judges serve a 14-year, renewable term, at a salary of $151,984, and handle all bankruptcy-related matters under the Bankruptcy Code. # # #
=== Appointed as a Recalled Bankruptcy Judge ===
JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT IN RE RECALL APPOINTMENT OF RETIRED UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY JUDGE FOR SERVICE WITHIN THE NINTH CIRCUIT ORDER RE RECALL APPOINTMENT (28 U.S.C. § 155(b Before: MURGUIA, Chief Judge Chief Bankruptcy Judge Theodor C. Albert has requested the recall appointment of Bankruptcy Judge Erithe A. Smith to the Central District of California. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 155(b), the Judicial Council approves this request. Judge Smith, having consented to serve, is recalled for service to the Central District of California. Judge Smith’s duty station will be Santa Ana, California, commencing October 30, 2022, and ending October 30, 2023. During this time period, Judge Smith may exercise all the powers and duties of the office of bankruptcy judge. For the Judicial Council Mary H. Murguia Chief Judge Dated: September 16, 2022
=== Appointed as a Recalled Bankruptcy Judge ===
JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT IN RE RECALL APPOINTMENT OF RETIRED UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY JUDGE FOR SERVICE WITHIN THE NINTH CIRCUIT ORDER RE RECALL APPOINTMENT (28 U.S.C. § 155(b Before: MURGUIA, Chief Judge Chief Bankruptcy Judge Theodor C. Albert has requested the recall appointment of Bankruptcy Judge Erithe A. Smith to the Central District of California. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 155(b), the Judicial Council approves this request. Judge Smith, having consented to serve, is recalled for service to the Central District of California. Judge Smith’s duty station will be Santa Ana, California, commencing October 31, 2023, and ending October 31, 2024. During this time period, Judge Smith may exercise all the powers and duties of the office of bankruptcy judge. For the Judicial Council Mary H. Murguia Chief Judge Dated: August 28, 2023
=== Appointed as a Recalled Bankruptcy Judge ===
JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT IN RE RECALL APPOINTMENT OF RETIRED UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY JUDGE FOR SERVICE WITHIN THE NINTH CIRCUIT ORDER RE RECALL APPOINTMENT (28 U.S.C. § 155(b Before: MURGUIA, Chief Judge Chief Bankruptcy Judge Theodor C. Albert has requested the extended service recall appointment of Bankruptcy Judge Erithe A. Smith to the Central District of California. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 155(b), the Judicial Council approves this request. Judge Smith, having consented to serve, is recalled for service to the Central District of California. Judge Smith’s duty station will be Santa Ana, California, commencing November 1, 2024, and ending December 31, 2025. During this time period, Judge Smith may exercise all the powers and duties of the office of bankruptcy judge. For the Judicial Council Mary H. Murguia Chief Judge Dated: September 19, 2024
=== Appointed as a Recalled Bankruptcy Judge ===
JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT IN RE RECALL APPOINTMENT OF RETIRED UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY JUDGE FOR SERVICE WITHIN THE NINTH CIRCUIT ORDER RE RECALL APPOINTMENT (28 U.S.C. § 155(b Before: MURGUIA, Chief Judge Chief Bankruptcy Judge Julia W. Brand has requested the extended service recall appointment of Bankruptcy Judge Erithe A. Smith to the Central District of California. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 155(b), the Judicial Council approves this request. Judge Smith, having consented to serve, is recalled for service to the Central District of California. Judge Smith’s duty station will be Santa Ana, California, commencing January 1, 2026, and ending December 31, 2026. During this time period, Judge Smith may exercise all the powers and duties of the office of bankruptcy judge. For the Judicial Council Mary H. Murguia Chief Judge Dated: 10/3/2025
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