Whose Time Is It Anyway?: Evolving Notions of Work in the 21st Century

This article explores the changing nature of employment, including gig and contingent work, as well as legal definitions of employment, employer, and work. It offers solutions to better protect nontraditional workers, and examines the Internal Revenue Service’s 20-Factor Test, the Fair Labor Standards Act’s Economic Realities Test, the ABC Test, statutory definitions, the Joint Employment Theory, and policy issues regarding worker classification.