The Use of State Constitutional Provisions in Criminal Defense after <i>Michigan v. Long</i>

I. Introduction II. The Doctrine of Adequate and Independent State Grounds ... A. The Pre-Long Rules of Adequate and Independent State Grounds ... B. The Rule in Michigan v. Long ... 1. Statement of the Case ... 2. The Supreme Court's Decision ... 3. The Separate Opinions III. Adequate and Independent State Grounds after Long ... A. Supreme Court Cases ... B. State Court Cases IV. Arguing State Constitutional Provisions—A Checklist ... A. Invoking the Independence of the State Constitution ... B. Analyzing the Wording of the State Constitutional Provision ... C. Analyzing the Philosophical and Historical Background of the State Constitutional Provisions ... D. Using Local Statutes ... E. Using Other State Constitutional Decisions as Persuasive Authority V. Conclusion