Status of the Operator: Biologically Inspired Computing as Both A Weapon and an Effector of Laws of War Compliance

Artificial intelligence and machine learning technology are developing in such a way that neural networks and systems architecture will soon mimic the structure and functions of the human brain. Consequently, autonomous weapons systems that rely on the limited analytical skills of today’s artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities may soon realize human-like judgment. This biologically inspired technology known as neuromorphic computing presents a breakthrough for weapons’ capabilities, particularly in the management and analyses of battlefield environments. Future cognitive lethal autonomous weapons systems (CLAWS) could complement important roles in combat, such as accountability obligations, whereas their independent compliance to the principles of distinction, proportionality, military necessity, and humanity, could surpass that of their human and machine predecessors.