Scrap McDonnell Douglas and its Burden-Shifting!

CONTENTS I. Introduction ...... . 393 II. The Case of Lawrence Mungin: Factual Background & Initial Judicial Proceedings....396 A. In the Beginning ..... . 396 B. Mungin Goes to Court: Take One ... . 398 III. Title VII as Applied ..... . . 399 A. Introduction to Title VII & the McDonnell Douglas Framework ..... . . 399 B. Mungin Goes to Court: Take Two ... . 406 IV. Presumptions, Burden Shifts, Obstacles .. . . 409 A. Early Caselaw & Application of McDonnell Douglas . . . 410 B. Twentieth Century Racism as Revealed Through Statistical & Experimental Analyses .. . . 412 C. Introducing the New Face of Discrimination . . . 413 D. Unconscious Bias: A Psychological Examination .415 V. Combating Covert and Unconscious Racism on a Conscious Level ..... . . 418 A. Eliminating Intent to Discriminate ..423 B. Kicking the Pretext Model to the Curb .. 424 C. Evidentiary Support .... . . 426 D. Causation is Not Intentionality ...428 E. Uncovering Cover-Ups .... 429 F. Benefits of Implementing a New Framework . . . 429 A. Starting Salary & 1993 Salary ... 431 B. 1994 Salary ..... . . 432 C. Work Assignments ....433 D. Partnership Consideration .... 435 E. Constructive Discharge ....436 F. A Mixed-Motive Model Matters ...437 VII. Conclusion ......437