Removing <i>Miranda</i> from School Interrogations

I. Introduction II. Miranda and Its Progeny ... A. Pre-Miranda Coerced Confession Doctrine ... B. Miranda v. Arizona ... C. “Custodial Interrogation” III. Miranda and Juvenile Interrogation ... A. Supreme Court Cases ... 1. J.D.B. v. North Carolina ... 2. Fare v. Michael C. ... B. Lower Court Cases ... 1. Interrogations Solely by School Officials ... 2. SRO Involvement in Interrogations by School Officials ... a. Miranda Warnings Required ... b. Miranda Warnings Not Required ... c. Critique of the Agency Approach ... 3. Interrogations Dominated by SROs with School Officials Present ... 4. Police Dominated Interrogations IV. Social Science and Juvenile Interrogations ... A. Neurological Differences Between Adolescents and Adults ... B. Miranda Comprehension ... C. Waiving Miranda Rights … D. Risk of False Confessions V. Eliminating Miranda Requirements for School Interrogations … A. Miranda Warnings as Futile ... B. Coerced Confession Protection ... C. Promoting Sound Educational Policy by Removing Miranda Requirements ... D. Removing Miranda from School Interrogations Is Consistent with Existing Supreme Court Case Law VI. Conclusion