Nebraska “Grade A” Dairy Regulation—A Study in Regulative Overlap

I. Introduction … A. State Statutes Predating the 1957 “Grade A” Law … 1. 1951 Grade A Labeling Law … 2. General Milk Statutes … B. Municipal Ordinances II. The New “Grade A” Law and Municipal Milk Control … A. Basic Policy Factors in Municipal Milk Control … B. Validity of Existing Municipal Ordinances … 1. Power of the Municipality to Legislate … 2. Pre-emption and Conflict—State versus Municipal Control … a. Occupation or Pre-emption of the Field … b. State-Municipal Conflict … 3. Interference with Liberty … C. Effect If Municipal Ordinances Are Generally Valid … 1. Confusion of Standards … 2. Inspection by Local Officials … D. The Reference Problem III. “Grade A” and Other Nebraska Dairy Statutes IV. Desirability of the USPHS Milk Ordinance and Code V. Suggested Changes … A. Adoption of the USPHS Milk Ordinance and Code … B. State-Municipal Control … C. Grade A and Other Nebraska Statutes … 1. Foreign substances … 2. Nonfat solids in skim milk … 3. Bacteria … 4. Tuberculosis inspection VI. Conclusion