Half a Loaf is Predominant and Superior to None: Class Certification of Particular Issues Under Rule 23(c)(4)(A)

Mass-produced objects and ideas permeate our lives, as more and more becomes reproducible on a grander scale with decreasing marginal cost.' The world is suffused with a common stream of products and practices that issue from a single corporate or governmental source. Downstream, the wave washes over large groups of people, with a pattern of similar but not identical consequences left in its wake.