First Circuit: A Study of Gender Bias In and Around the Courts

Beginning with the state courts of New Jersey in 1984, almost every state in the country and numerous federal circuits have mounted initiatives to address issues of gender bias in the courts. While individual approaches have varied, each of these judicial units has displayed an increasing sensitivity to the potential problems of bias in the courts and a desire to actively improve the treatment of female litigants, witnesses, employees, and attorneys throughout the judicial system.