Eminent Domain and Water Law

I. The Nature and Scope of the Eminent Domain Power … A. Introduction … B. Sources of Eminent Domain Power … C. Public Use … D. Necessity … E. Due Process Requirements, Compensation in Money, Procedural Points, and Consequential Damages II. Eminent Domain and Police Power … A. Distinguishing Compensable “Takings” from Noncompensable “Regulations” … B. Restriction or Taking … C. Impact of the Injury upon the Owner … D. Other Suggested Standards III. Private Undertakings as Public Uses … A. Introduction … B. Constitutional Provisions … C. Preferences … D. The Party Exercising the Power … E. Local Conditions IV. Municipal Water Supplies … A. Introduction … B. Effect of Local Doctrines … C. Value to Municipality V. Condemnation for Public Programs … A. Introduction … B. The Scope of the Commerce Power in Navigable Waters of the United States … C. Private Riparian Rights and the Navigation Servitude … D. "Takings" under the Navigation Servitude … E. Cutting Off the Riparian Owner’s Access to the Water … F. Injury to Riparian Property in the Stream Bed … G. Structure in Navigable Streams … H. Summary of Decisions Where Injuries Occur between the High Water Marks of a Navigable Stream … I. Background to the “River” Cases … J. The "River" Cases … K. Problems of Valuation … L. Miller Rule—Date of Commitment … M. The "Possibility of Combination" Rule and Values Attributable to Stream Flow … N. Effect of Federal Water Power Act on Private Rights … O. Noncompensability of Locational Value Attributable to Use of the Flow … P. The Twin City Dissent and the Decisions in the Grand River Dam Authority and the Vepco Cases … Q. Summary of Servitude Decisions Relating to Compensability … R. A Brief Critique of the Servitude Doctrine … S. Early English Law … T. Development of the Doctrine under Which the "Jus Publicum" Could Not Be Sold or Given Away by the King … U. Development of the Doctrine under Which the "Jus Privatum" Became Inalienable on the Part of the Crown … V. The Common Law Right of the Public to Navigate in Private Waters … W. Status of State Created Rights, Including Irrigation Diversion Works and consumptive Uses … X. Conclusion