Double Jeopardy and Nonmember Indians in Indian Country

I. Introduction . . . . . 889 II. Background . . . . . 895 A. Demographics in Indian Country . . . . . 895 B. Double Jeopardy and the Dual Sovereignty Doctrine in Indian Country . . . . . 899 1. The Dual Sovereignty Doctrine . . . . . 899 2. United States v. Wheeler . . . . . 902 C. Criminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country . . . . . 906 1. Criminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country . . . . . 907 2. Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribes . . . . . 910 3. Duro v. Reina . . . . . 912 D. Separation of Powers and the Duro Override . . . . . 916 III. The Circuit Splits . . . . . 919 A. Weaselhead and Lara . . . . . 920 B. United States v. Enas . . . . . 924 IV. The Choices Before the Court . . . . . 926 A. The Court Could Decide that Duro Is Constitutionally Based . . . . . 928 B. The Court Could Conclude that Duro was Decided as a Matter of Federal Common Law . . . . . 934 V . Conclusion . . . . . 937