Criminal Sanctions in Accidental Oil Spill Cases—Punishment without a Crime

I. Introduction II. Criminal Prosecution in United States v. Exxon Corporation and Exxon Shipping Company: What About Criminal Intent? III. Criminal Penalties in Cases of Oil Spill Accidents Are Superfluous in Light of the Civil Law Regulations and Remedies That Guard against Environmental Abuses IV. Other Legal and Policy Arguments That Militate against the Criminalization of Accidental Oil Spills V. Conclusion