Constitutional Law—Civil

During the 1990 survey period, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit applied recent precedent from the United States Supreme Court in important areas of constitutional civil law such as due process and the measure of damages in fifth amendment just compensation cases. Additionally, the court attempted to resolve issues not yet addressed by the higher court in the areas of qualified immunity of government officials from civil damages, subject matter jurisdiction, and appellate jurisdiction. The court's conflicting panel opinions on the issues of qualified immunity, appellate jurisdiction, and frivolity determinations during 1990 indicate important evolutionary activity on these issues by the Eleventh Circuit.