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Shapiro, Julie

Journal: Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

Volume: 11

First Page: 587

Year: 2005

Bluebook Citation: 11 CARDOZO J. EQUAL RTS. & SOC. JUST. 587 (2005)

Author: Julie B. Shapiro: all 9 publications


Abstract

The article critiques the assumption that individuals can be neatly categorized into male and female, arguing that this binary framework is increasingly problematic. It highlights how this assumption underpins debates about gender differences in innate abilities, such as those raised by Lawrence Summers, and contends that without clear, universally accepted definitions of "male" and "female," such generalizations lack coherence. The analysis emphasizes the legal and social complexities of gender categorization, particularly in light of evolving understandings of intersex and transgender identities.

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