A Practitioner's Primer to the Fourth Amendment

I. Introduction II. In General ... A. Fourth Amendment Terms Defined ... B. Establishing Probable Cause ... 1. Using Common Sense ... 2. It's the Magistrate's Decision ... C. Necessity of Obtaining a Warrant and What It Means to Say That a Warrant Must Be Obtained ... 1. Arrests ... 2. Search and Seizure ... D. Particularity in Describing Situs of Search or Items to Be Seized ... E. Reasonable Scope of Search ... F. Place to Be Searched III. Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement ... A. Good Faith ... B. Search Incident to Arrest ... C. Consent ... D. Plain View ... E. Automobiles ... F. Emergency Situations ... 1. Hot Pursuit ... 2. Imminent Threat to Safety ... 3. Destruction of Evidence ... G. Administrative and Other Regulatory Searches ... H. Stops, Frisks, and Protective Sweeps IV. Reasonable Expectation of Privacy V. Standing VI. The Exclusionary Rule ... A. Hearings Related to the Criminal Trial ... B. Impeachment of the Defendant ... C. Independent Source; Inevitable Discovery VII. Fruit of the Poisoned Tree ... A. How Poisoned Is the Tree? ... B. How Far from the Tree? ... C. What Type of Fruit? ... D. What Intervened? VIII. Escalating Cause: One Thing Leads to Another IX. Conclusion