Use of depositions. Any part of a deposition, so far as admissible under the rules of

evidence, may be used upon the trial or at an interlocutory hearing or upon the hearing of a motion in the same action against any party who appeared when it was taken, or stipulated therefor, or had due notice thereof, to do any of the following: 1.704(1) To impeach or contradict deponent’s testimony as a witness. July 2023 CIVIL PROCEDURE Ch 1, p.51 1.704(2) For any purpose if, when it was taken, deponent was a party adverse to the offeror, or was an officer, partner, or managing agent of any adverse party which is not a natural person. 1.704(3) For any purpose, if the court finds that the offeror was unable to procure deponent’s presence at the trial by subpoena; or that deponent is out of the state and such absence was not procured by the offeror; or that deponent is dead, or unable to testify because of age, illness, infirmity, or imprisonment. 1.704(4) For any purpose, if it was taken of an expert witness specially retained for litigation; or the deponent was a health care practitioner offering opinions or facts concerning a party’s physical or mental condition. 1.704(5) On application and notice, the court may also permit a deposition to be used for any purpose, under exceptional circumstances making it desirable in the interests of justice; having due regard for the importance of witnesses testifying in open court. [Report 1943; amendment 1957; Report August 27, 1987, effective November 2, 1987; Report March 21, 1989, effective June 1, 1989; November 9, 2001, effective February 15, 2002]