The Complaint

The complaint is a written statement of the essential facts con- stituting the offense charged. Except as provided in Rule 4.1, it must be made under oath before a magistrate judge or, if none is reasonably available, before a state or local judicial officer. (As amended Apr. 24, 1972, eff. Oct. 1, 1972; Apr. 22, 1993, eff. Dec. 1, 1993; Apr. 29, 2002, eff. Dec. 1, 2002; Apr. 26, 2011, eff. Dec. 1, 2011.) 1 18 U.S.C. § 3771(e) was redesignated 18 U.S.C. § 3771(e)(2) by Pub. L. 114–22, title I, § 113(a)(3)(A), May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 240. 3 FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Rule 4