Proving Statutes, Ordinances, and Regulations

Printed books or pamphlets purporting on their face to be the statutes, ordinances, or regulations of the United States, or of any state or territory of the United States, or of any foreign jurisdiction, which are either published by the authority of the state, territory, or foreign jurisdiction or are commonly recognized in its courts, must be presumptively considered by the court to constitute the statutes, ordinances, or regulations. The court's determination must be treated as a ruling on a question of law. COMMENT TO 2018 AMENDMENTS This rule conforms to Civil Rule 44-I.