Procedure on First Appearance

5.01 Purpose of First Appearance (a) The purpose of the first appearance is for the court to inform the defendant of the: (1) charge(s); (2) defendant's rights, including the right to have counsel appointed if eligible; and (3) opportunity to enter a plea as permitted by Rules 5.06, 5.07, and 5.08. (b) The court must first determine whether a defendant is disabled in communication as defined in Rule 5.02. (c) The court must ensure the defendant has a copy of the charging document. (d) The court must set bail and other conditions of release under Rule 6.02. (e) On the prosecutor's motion, the court must require that the defendant be booked, photographed, and fingerprinted. (Amended effective July 1, 2015.) 5.02 Requirement for Interpreter A defendant is disabled in communication if, due to a hearing, speech or other communications disorder or difficulty in speaking or comprehending the English language, the defendant cannot fully understand the proceedings or any charges made, or is incapable of presenting or assisting in the presentation of a defense. If a defendant is disabled in communication, the judge must appoint a qualified interpreter under Minn. Gen. R. Prac. 8 for the District Courts to assist the defendant throughout the proceedings. The proceedings that require a qualified interpreter include any proceeding attended by the defendant. 5.03 Statement of Rights The court must advise the defendant of the following: (a) The right to remain silent and not submit to interrogation; Published by the Revisor of Statutes under Minnesota Statutes, section 3C.08, subdivision 1. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 22 MINNESOTA COURT RULES (b) Anything the defendant says may be used against the defendant in this or any subsequent proceeding; (c) The right to counsel in all proceedings, including police line-ups and interrogations; (d) If the defendant appears without counsel and is financially unable to obtain counsel, counsel will be appointed if the defendant has been charged with an offense punishable by incarceration; (e) The right to communicate with defense counsel, and that a continuance will be granted if necessary to permit this; (f) The right to a jury trial or a trial to the court; (g) If the offense is a misdemeanor, the defendant may plead guilty or not guilty, or demand a complaint before entering a plea; (h) If the offense is a designated gross misdemeanor as defined in Rule 1.04(b) and a complaint has not yet been filed, a complaint must be issued within ten days if the defendant is not in custody or within 48 hours if the defendant is in custody; (i) If the offense is a gross misdemeanor and the defendant has had an opportunity to consult with an attorney, the defendant may plead guilty in accordance with Rule 15.02. The court may advise a number of defendants at once of these rights, but each defendant must be asked individually at arraignment whether the defendant heard and understood the rights as explained earlier. (Amended effective August 1, 2012.) 5.04 Appointment of Counsel Subd. 1. Notice of Right to Counsel; Appointment of the District Public Defender; Waiver of Counsel. (1) Notice of Right to Counsel. If a defendant charged with a felony, gross misdemeanor, or misdemeanor punishable by incarceration appears without counsel, the court must advise the defendant of the right to counsel, and that the court will appoint the district public defender if the defendant has been determined to be financially unable to obtain counsel. The court must also advise the defendant that the defendant has the right to request counsel at any stage of the proceedings. (2) Appointment of the Public Defender. The court must appoint the district public defender on request of a defendant who is: (a) charged with a felony, gross misdemeanor, or misdemeanor punishable by incarceration, or subject to an extradition proceeding or probation revocation proceeding; (b) not represented by counsel; and (c) financially unable to obtain counsel. The court must not appoint a district public defender if the defendant is financially able to retain private counsel but refuses to do so. (3) Waiver of Counsel, Misdemeanor or Gross Misdemeanor. Defendants charged with a misdemeanor or gross misdemeanor punishable by incarceration who appear without counsel, do Published by the Revisor of Statutes under Minnesota Statutes, section 3C.08, subdivision 1. 23 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE MINNESOTA COURT RULES not request counsel, and wish to represent themselves, must waive counsel in writing or on the record. The court must not accept the waiver unless the court is satisfied that it is voluntary and has been made by the defendant with full knowledge and understanding of the defendant's rights. The court may appoint the district public defender for the limited purpose of advising and consulting with the defendant about the waiver. (4) Waiver of Counsel, Felony. The court must ensure that defendants charged with a felony who appear without counsel, do not request counsel, and wish to represent themselves, enter on the record a voluntary and intelligent written waiver of the right to counsel. If the defendant refuses to sign the written waiver form, the waiver must be made on the record. Before accepting the waiver, the court must advise the defendant of the following: (a) nature of the charges; (b) all offenses included within the charges; (c) range of allowable punishments; (d) there may be defenses; (e) mitigating circumstances may exist; and (f) all other facts essential to a broad understanding of the consequences of the waiver of the right to counsel, including the advantages and disadvantages of the decision to waive counsel. The court may appoint the district public defender for the limited purpose of advising and consulting with the defendant as to the waiver. Subd. 2. Appointment of Advisory Counsel. The court may appoint advisory counsel to assist a defendant who voluntarily and intelligently waives the right to counsel. (1) If the court appoints advisory counsel because of concerns about fairness of the process, the court must state that on the record. The court must advise the defendant and advisory counsel on the record that the defendant retains the right to decide when and how to use advisory counsel, and that decisions about the use of advisory counsel may affect a later request by the defendant to allow the advisory counsel to assume full representation. (2) If the court appoints advisory counsel because of concerns about delays in completing the trial, the potential disruption by the defendant, or the complexity or length of the trial, the court must state that on the record. The court must then advise the defendant and advisory counsel on the record that advisory counsel will assume full representation of the defendant if the defendant: (a) becomes so disruptive during the proceedings that the defendant's conduct is determined to constitute a waiver of the right of self representation; or (b) requests advisory counsel to take over representation during the proceeding. (3) Advisory counsel must be present in the courtroom during all proceedings and must be served with all documents that would otherwise be served upon an attorney of record. Subd. 3. Standards for District Public Defender Eligibility. A defendant is financially unable to obtain counsel if the defendant meets the standards for eligibility defined in Minnesota Statutes, section 611.17. Published by the Revisor of Statutes under Minnesota Statutes, section 3C.08, subdivision 1. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 24 MINNESOTA COURT RULES Subd. 4. Financial Inquiry. The court has a duty to conduct a financial inquiry to determine the financial eligibility of a defendant for the appointment of a district public defender as required under Minnesota Statutes, section 611.17. Subd. 5. Partial Eligibility and Reimbursement. The ability to pay part of the cost of adequate representation at any time while the charges are pending against a defendant must not preclude the appointment of the district public defender for the defendant. If the court, after finding the defendant eligible for district public defender services, determines that the defendant now has the ability to pay part of the costs, it may require a defendant to make partial payment as provided in Minnesota Statutes, section 611.20. (Amended effective August 1, 2012.) 5.05 Date of Rule 8 Appearance; Consolidation of Appearances Under Rule 5 and Rule 8 If the defendant is charged with a felony or gross misdemeanor, the court must set a date for a