of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure governs a stay in

a criminal case. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 23 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 8 Stay or Injunction Pending Appeal (a) Notice of Appeal; Trial Court’s Judgment or Order. A motion for a stay or injunction pending appeal must be accompanied by the following: (1) (2) (3) a copy of the filed notice of appeal or other document required to invoke this court’s jurisdiction; a copy of the trial court’s judgment or order on the merits; a copy of any order on the motion for a stay or injunction pending appeal; and (4) a certificate of interest under Federal Circuit Rule 47.4. (b) Notice When Requesting Immediate Action. A party moving for a stay or injunction pending appeal and requesting immediate action by the court must — before filing — notify all parties that a motion will be filed. (c) Statement. If an initial motion for a stay or injunction pending appeal was not made in the trial court under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 8(a)(1), the movant must include in its motion in this court a statement explaining why it was not practicable to do so. If an initial motion for a stay or injunction pending appeal was made in the trial court and remains pending, the movant must include in its motion in this court a statement specifically identifying when it filed the motion in the trial court and why it is not practicable to await a ruling by the trial court on that motion. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 24 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 8 Format Requirements. See Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 27 for format requirements concerning motions. Emergency Rule 8 Filings. Parties should notify the Clerk’s Office as soon as possible when filing (or in anticipation of filing) a Rule 8 motion. On weekdays from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (Eastern Time), please call the Clerk’s Office at 202- 275-8055. To notify the Clerk’s Office of emergency Rule 8 filings outside of normal operating hours that require action before the next email business [email protected]. Absent proper notification, the Clerk’s Office may not be able to act on an after-hours, emergency filing before the next business day. 202-275-8049 please day, and call Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 25 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 9 Release in a Criminal Case [OMITTED] FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 10 The Record on Appeal (a) Composition of the Record on Appeal. The following items constitute the record on appeal: (1) (2) (3) the original papers and exhibits filed in the district court; the transcript of proceedings, if any; and a certified copy of the docket entries prepared by the district clerk. (b) The Transcript of Proceedings. (1) Appellant’s Duty to Order. Within 14 days after filing the notice of appeal or entry of an order disposing of the last timely remaining motion of a type specified in Rule 4(a)(4)(A), whichever is later, the appellant must do either of the following: (A) order from the reporter a transcript of such parts of the proceedings not already on file as the appellant considers necessary, subject to a local rule of the court of appeals and with the following qualifications: (i) (ii) the order must be in writing; if the cost of the transcript is to be paid by the United States under the Criminal Justice Act, the order must so state; and (iii) the appellant must, within the same period, file a copy of the order with the district clerk; or Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 26 FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 10 (Return to Table of Contents) (B) file a certificate stating that no transcript will be ordered.* (2) Unsupported Finding or Conclusion. If the appellant intends to urge on appeal that a finding or conclusion is unsupported by the evidence or is contrary to the evidence, the appellant must include in the record a transcript of all evidence relevant to that finding or conclusion. (3) Partial Transcript. Unless the entire transcript is ordered: (A) (B) (C) the appellant must — within the 14 days provided in Rule 10(b)(1) — file a statement of the issues that the appellant intends to present on the appeal and must serve on the appellee a copy of both the order or certificate and the statement; if the appellee considers it necessary to have a transcript of other parts of the proceedings, the appellee must, within 14 days after the service of the order or certificate and the statement of the issues, file and serve on the appellant a designation of additional parts to be ordered; and unless within 14 days after service of that designation the appellant has ordered all such parts, and has so notified the appellee, the appellee may within the following 14 days either order the parts or move in the district court for an order requiring the appellant to do so.† (4) Payment. *The appellant will not be able to file the certificate until this court dockets the appeal. The appellant must file the certificate as soon as possible once the appeal is docketed if the 14-day period has already expired. †The court’s Docketing Statement (Form 26) satisfies the statement of the issues requirement of Fed. R. App. P. 10(b)(3)(A). See Fed. Cir. R. 47.6. However, the appellant will not be able to file the docketing statement until this court dockets the appeal. In order to ensure adequate time to prepare the transcript and to comply with this rule, the appellant must serve the intended statement of the issues or Docketing Statement on the appellee within the 14-day period provided in this rule. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 27 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 10 At the time of ordering, a party must make satisfactory arrangements with the reporter for paying the cost of the transcript. (c) Statement of the Evidence When the Proceedings Were Not Recorded or When a Transcript Is Unavailable. If the transcript of a hearing or trial is unavailable, the appellant may prepare a statement of the evidence or proceedings from the best available means, including the appellant’s recollection. The statement must be served on the appellee, who may serve objections or proposed amendments within 14 days after being served. The statement and any objections or proposed amendments must then be submitted to the district court for settlement and approval. As settled and approved, the statement must be included by the district clerk in the record on appeal. (d) Agreed Statement as the Record on Appeal. In place of the record on appeal as defined in Rule 10(a), the parties may prepare, sign, and submit to the district court a statement of the case showing how the issues presented by the appeal arose and were decided in the district court. The statement must set forth only those facts averred and proved or sought to be proved that are essential to the court’s resolution of the issues. If the statement is truthful, it — together with any additions that the district court may consider necessary to a full presentation of the issues on appeal — must be approved by the district court and must then be certified to the court of appeals as the record on appeal. The district clerk must then send it to the circuit clerk within the time provided by Rule 11. A copy of the agreed statement may be filed in place of the appendix required by Rule 30.* (e) Correction or Modification of the Record. (1) If any difference arises about whether the record truly discloses what occurred in the district court, the difference must be submitted to and settled by that court and the record conformed accordingly. *Filing an agreed statement will not waive this court’s appendix requirement. See Fed. Cir. R. 10(b). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 28 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 10 (2) If anything material to either party is omitted from or misstated in the record by error or accident, the omission or misstatement may be corrected and a supplemental record may be certified and forwarded: (A) (B) on stipulation of the parties; by the district court before or after the record has been forwarded; or (C) by the court of appeals. (3) All other questions as to the form and content of the record must be presented to the court of appeals. FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 10 The Record on Appeal (a) Delay in Preparing the Transcript. When a trial transcript is not filed in the trial court within sixty (60) days after it was ordered, the trial court may direct the parties to proceed under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 10(c) or (d). (b) Agreed Statement. The filing of an agreed statement by the parties under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 10(d) does not relieve them of their obligation to compile and file the complete appendix required by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 30 and Federal Circuit Rule 30. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 29 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 10 Procedures to Expedite Delivery of Transcripts. District courts and regional circuit councils have procedures to expedite transcripts that may be available to counsel experiencing difficulty with late delivery of transcripts by court reporters. Transcript Compliance; Transcript Purchase Order Form. To comply with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 10(b)(1)(B), the appellant may file a certificate with this court stating no transcript will be ordered. The court does not have a form for such a certificate, but the certificate will need to meet the standard requirements for any filing under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32 and Federal Circuit Rule 32. Parties are not required to file the certificate if a transcript is being ordered from the reporter. Parties are not required to file the transcript purchase order form (Federal Circuit Form 22) with this court, regardless of whether a transcript will be ordered. Court reporters follow Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 11(b) for preparing transcripts and notifying the court. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 30 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 11 Forwarding the Record (a) Appellant’s Duty. An appellant filing a notice of appeal must comply with Rule 10(b) and must do whatever else is necessary to enable the clerk to assemble and forward the record. If there are multiple appeals from a judgment or order, the clerk must forward a single record. (b) Duties of Reporter and District Clerk. (1) Reporter’s Duty to Prepare and File a Transcript. The reporter must prepare and file a transcript as follows: (A) Upon receiving an order for a transcript, the reporter must enter at the foot of the order the date of its receipt and the expected completion date and send a copy, so endorsed, to the circuit clerk. (B) If the transcript cannot be completed within 30 days of the reporter’s receipt of the order, the reporter may request the circuit clerk to grant additional time to complete it. The clerk must note on the docket the action taken and notify the parties. (C) When a transcript is complete, the reporter must file it with the district clerk and notify the circuit clerk of the filing. (D) If the reporter fails to file the transcript on time, the circuit clerk must notify the district judge and do whatever else the court of appeals directs. (2) District Clerk’s Duty to Forward. When the record is complete, the district clerk must number the documents constituting the record and send them promptly to the circuit clerk together with a list of the documents correspondingly numbered and reasonably identified. Unless directed to do so by a party or the circuit clerk, the district clerk will not send to the court of appeals documents of unusual bulk or weight, physical exhibits other than documents, or other parts of the record designated for omission by local rule of the court of appeals. If Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 31 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 11 the exhibits are unusually bulky or heavy, a party must arrange with the clerks in advance for their transportation and receipt.* (c) Retaining the Record Temporarily in the District Court for Use in Preparing the Appeal. The parties may stipulate, or the district court on motion may order, that the district clerk retain the record temporarily for the parties to use in preparing the papers on appeal. In that event, the district clerk must certify to the circuit clerk that the record on appeal is complete. Upon receipt of the appellee’s brief, or earlier if the court orders or the parties agree, the appellant must request the district clerk to forward the record.† (d) [Abrogated.] (e) Retaining the Record by Court Order. (1) (2) (3) The court of appeals may, by order or local rule, provide that a certified copy of the docket entries be forwarded instead of the entire record. But a party may at any time during the appeal request that designated parts of the record be forwarded.‡ The district court may order the record or some part of it retained if the court needs it while the appeal is pending, subject, however, to call by the court of appeals. If part or all of the record is ordered retained, the district clerk must send to the court of appeals a copy of the order and the docket entries together with the parts of the original record allowed by the district court and copies of any parts of the record designated by the parties. *The district court clerk must retain the record and must not send the record to this court. See Fed. Cir. R. 11(a)(1). †This procedure is not necessary as the district court clerk must retain the record for appeals to this court. See Fed. Cir. R. 11(a)(1). ‡For any request that the district court forward the record, including physical exhibits, the party must direct that request to this court in the form of a motion. See Fed. Cir. R. 11(a)(1)(A). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 32 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 11 (f) Retaining Parts of the Record in the District Court by Stipulation of the Parties. The parties may agree by written stipulation filed in the district court that designated parts of the record be retained in the district court subject to call by the court of appeals or request by a party. The parts of the record so designated remain a part of the record on appeal.* (g) Record for a Preliminary Motion in the Court of Appeals. If, before the record is forwarded, a party makes any of the following motions in the court of appeals:      for dismissal; for release; for a stay pending appeal; for additional security on the bond on appeal or on a bond or other security provided to obtain a stay of judgment; or for any other intermediate order — the district clerk must send the court of appeals any parts of the record designated by any party.† *This procedure is not necessary as the district court clerk must retain the record for appeals to this court. See Fed. Cir. R. 11(a)(1). †The district court clerk must retain the record and must not send the record to this court. See Fed. Cir. R. 11(a)(1). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 33 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 11 Forwarding the Record (a) Retaining the Record; Certified Copy of the Docket Entries; Archival Storage. (1) Record and Docket. The district court clerk must: (A) (B) retain the assembled record unless this court, on motion or sua sponte, orders otherwise; and send to this court a certified copy of the docket entries instead of the record. (2) Archival Storage. The district court clerk of court must not send the record to archival storage until this court issues its mandate. (b) Access of Parties and Counsel to the Original Record. (1) Material Not Subject to a Protective Order; Inspection and Copying. When a notice of appeal is filed, the trial court clerk of court must permit a party or counsel for a party to inspect and copy the nonconfidential original papers, transcripts, and exhibits to prepare the appendix. This inspection and copying is subject to reasonable regulation by the trial court. (2) Material Subject to a Protective Order; Inspection and Copying. A party or counsel for a party must be permitted to inspect and copy material in the record governed by a protective order of the trial court in accordance with that order. If this court modifies or annuls the protective order, the access of a party or counsel is governed by the order of this court. (c) Protective Orders. Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(c) applies to the status of trial court protective orders and modification thereof. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 34 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 12 Docketing the Appeal; Filing a Representation Statement; Filing the Record (a) Docketing the Appeal. Upon receiving the copy of the notice of appeal and the docket entries from the district clerk under Rule 3(d), the circuit clerk must docket the appeal under the title of the district-court action and must identify the appellant, adding the appellant’s name if necessary. (b) Filing a Representation Statement. Unless the court of appeals designates another time, the attorney who filed the notice of appeal must, within 14 days after filing the notice, file a statement with the circuit clerk naming the parties that the attorney represents on appeal.* (c) Filing the Record, Partial Record, or Certificate. Upon receiving the record, partial record, or district clerk’s certificate as provided in Rule 11, the circuit clerk must file it and immediately notify all parties of the filing date. FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 12 Docketing the Appeal (a) Notice of Docketing. The clerk of court must notify all parties of the date the appeal is docketed, the assigned appeal number, and the short case name. (b) Official Caption. The clerk of court must provide the parties with the official caption for the case at the time of docketing. Any objection to the official caption must be made promptly. *See the Practice Notes to Rule 12 (Representation Statement) for information concerning how to satisfy this requirement. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 35 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 12 Filing and Docketing an Appeal. An appeal is filed when the notice of appeal is received by the trial court. An appeal sent to this court by the trial court clerk of court is docketed when it is listed on the docket and assigned a docket number. Representation Statement. The requirements of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 12(b) are met by filing the entry of appearance required under Federal Circuit Rule 47.3. If the attorney who filed the notice of appeal will not be representing any parties on appeal, the court will not require that attorney to file an entry of appearance or representation statement. Trial Court Intervenors. Parties permitted to intervene in the trial court as plaintiffs or defendants will usually be identified only as plaintiff or defendant on the official caption to avoid confusion with any third party permitted to intervene in the appeal. Transferred Appeal. An appeal transferred from another court will be given a new docket number and may be consolidated by the clerk of court with any previously docketed appeal from the same judgment or order. Participation by Appellees. It is the court’s usual practice to include in the official caption all parties participating in the court below at the time of entry of judgment, even if they are not participating in the appeal. Parties included in the trial court title that have an adverse interest to the appellant but that are not cross-appealing will be deemed appellees. An appellee desiring not to file a brief or join in another party’s brief should promptly notify the clerk of court. The clerk of court will remove the party’s designation as an appellee from the official caption. Consolidation. An appeal in a case that was consolidated in the trial court will be docketed under the title used for the consolidated case. When more than one party appeals from the same trial court case, the appeals or cross- appeals will usually be consolidated by the clerk of court. Other appeals may be consolidated on motion or by the court sua sponte. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 36 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 12.1 Remand After an Indicative Ruling by the District Court on a Motion for Relief That Is Barred by a Pending Appeal (a) Notice to the Court of Appeals. If a timely motion is made in the district court for relief that it lacks authority to grant because of an appeal that has been docketed and is pending, the movant must promptly notify the circuit clerk if the district court states either that it would grant the motion or that the motion raises a substantial issue. (b) Remand After an Indicative Ruling. If the district court states that it would grant the motion or that the motion raises a substantial issue, the court of appeals may remand for further proceedings but retains jurisdiction unless it expressly dismisses the appeal. If the court of appeals remands but retains jurisdiction, the parties must promptly notify the circuit clerk when the district court has decided the motion on remand. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 37 TITLE III — APPEALS FROM THE UNITED STATES TAX COURT (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 13 Review of a Decision of the Tax Court [OMITTED] FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 14 Applicability of Other Rules to the Review of a Tax Court Decision [OMITTED] Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 38 TITLE IV — REVIEW OR ENFORCEMENT OF AN ORDER OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY, BOARD, COMMISSION, OR OFFICER (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 15 Review or Enforcement of an Agency Order (a) Petition for Review; Joint Petition. (1) Review of an agency order is commenced by filing, within the time prescribed by law, a petition for review with the clerk of a court of appeals authorized to review the agency order. If their interests make joinder practicable, two or more persons may join in a petition to the same court to review the same order. (2) The petition must: (A) (B) name each party seeking review either in the caption or the body of the petition — using such terms as “et al.,” “petitioners,” or “respondents” does not effectively name the parties; name the agency as a respondent (even though not named in the petition, the United States is a respondent if required by statute); and (C) specify the order or part thereof to be reviewed.* (3) (4) Form 3 in the Appendix of Forms is a suggested form of a petition for review.† In this rule “agency” includes an agency, board, commission, or officer; “petition for review” includes a petition to enjoin, suspend, modify, or otherwise review, or a notice of appeal, whichever form is indicated by the applicable statute. *The petition must also include contact information for the counsel or unrepresented party filing the petition. See Fed. Cir. R. 15(a)(3). A petition from an arbitrator’s decision must include contact information for the arbitrator as well. See Fed. Cir. R. 15(d). †Federal Circuit Form 5 is available for a petition for review to this court. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 39 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 15 (b) Application or Cross-Application to Enforce an Order; Answer; Default. (1) An application to enforce an agency order must be filed with the clerk of a court of appeals authorized to enforce the order. If a petition is filed to review an agency order that the court may enforce, a party opposing the petition may file a cross- application for enforcement. (2) Within 21 days after the application for enforcement is filed, the respondent must serve on the applicant an answer to the application and file it with the clerk. If the respondent fails to answer in time, the court will enter judgment for the relief requested. (3) The application must contain a concise statement of the proceedings in which the order was entered, the facts upon which venue is based, and the relief requested. (c) Service of the Petition or Application. The circuit clerk must serve a copy of the petition for review, or an application or cross-application to enforce an agency order, on each respondent as prescribed by Rule 3(d), unless a different manner of service is prescribed by statute. At the time of filing, the petitioner must: (1) (2) (3) serve, or have served, a copy on each party admitted to for the participate respondents; in the agency proceedings, except file with the clerk a list of those so served; and give the clerk enough copies of the petition or application to serve each respondent. (d) Intervention. Unless a statute provides another method, a person who wants to intervene in a proceeding under this rule must file a motion for leave to intervene with the circuit clerk and serve a copy on all parties. The motion — or other notice of intervention authorized by statute — must be filed within 30 days after the petition for review is filed and must contain a concise statement of the interest of the moving party and the grounds for intervention. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 40 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 15 (e) Payment of Fees. When filing any separate or joint petition for review in a court of appeals, the petitioner must pay the circuit clerk all required fees. FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 15 Review of an Agency Order or Action (a) Petition for Review or Notice of Appeal; Payment of Fees; Contact Information of Counsel or Unrepresented Petitioner or Appellant. (1) From the Patent and Trademark Office. To appeal a decision of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, or the Director under 15 U.S.C. § 1071(a), the appellant must file in the Patent and Trademark Office a notice of appeal within the time prescribed by law. The appellant must simultaneously file the notice with the clerk of court. The Director must promptly advise the clerk of court whether the notice is timely. (2) From Another Agency. (A) Except as provided in Federal Circuit Rule 15(a)(1), to petition or appeal from a decision or order of an agency, the petitioner must file a petition for review or notice of appeal with this court’s clerk of court within the time prescribed by law. (B) A petition filed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management must be filed as prescribed in Federal Circuit Rule 47.9. (3) Contact Information of Counsel or Unrepresented Petitioner or Appellant. Each petition for review or notice of appeal must contain the counsel’s — or the unrepresented petitioner’s or appellant’s — name, current address, email address, and telephone number. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 41 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 15 (4) Filing and Payment. A notice of appeal or petition for review submitted under this rule along with the fee set forth in Federal Circuit Rule 52, or a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis or other waiver, must be provided to this court in accordance with Federal Circuit Rule 25(b). (b) Docketing Petition or Appeal; Notice of Docketing. (1) Docketing Upon Receipt. In a petition for review or appeal from an administrative agency, the clerk of court will docket a timely appeal or petition upon receipt. (2) Untimeliness. The clerk of court may return a petition for review or notice of appeal that is untimely on its face. For an appeal or petition docketed by the court, the agency or any party may advise the clerk of court concerning the untimeliness of the appeal or petition and the clerk may order the appellant to show cause why the appeal or petition should not be dismissed and refer the appellant’s response to the court. (3) Notice of Docketing. The clerk of court must notify all parties of the date the appeal or petition for review is docketed, the assigned appeal number, and the short case name. (4) Official Caption. The clerk of court will provide the parties with the official caption for the case at the time of docketing. Any objection to the official caption must be made promptly. (c) Statement Concerning Discrimination. (1) Petitioner’s Statement. Within fourteen (14) days after a petition for review of a decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board under 5 U.S.C. § 7703 or a decision of an arbitrator under 5 U.S.C. § 7121 is docketed, the petitioner must file a statement indicating whether or not a claim of discrimination by reason of race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, or handicapping condition was raised before the Merit Systems Protection Board or Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 42 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 15 arbitrator and whether review of such discrimination claim is sought. A petitioner must file the statement on the form prescribed by the court. (2) Response When a Claim of Discrimination is Raised in a Motion or Brief. files a motion or brief If the petitioner in a case described in Federal Circuit Rule 15(c)(1) involving a claim of discrimination as to the case before the court, the respondent must state, in a responsive motion or brief, whether the respondent concurs or disagrees with the petitioner’s statement concerning discrimination and indicate whether or not the respondent believes that the court has jurisdiction over the petition for review, with reasons provided as necessary. (3) Failure to File. Failure to file a completed discrimination statement may result in dismissal of the petition for review. (d) Arbitrator Contact Information. Any petition for review from an arbitrator’s decision must include the arbitrator’s current mailing address, email address, and telephone number. (e) Notice of Election Under 35 U.S.C. § 141 or 15 U.S.C. § 1071(a)(1). A party filing a notice of election under 35 U.S.C. § 141 or 15 U.S.C. § 1071(a)(1) with the Director of Patents and Trademarks must file a copy of the notice with the clerk of court, and the clerk of court must dismiss the appeal. (f) Judicial Review Under 38 U.S.C. § 502. (1) Time for Filing. A petition for judicial review of an action of the Secretary of the Department of Veterans Affairs under 38 U.S.C. § 502 must be filed with the clerk of court within six (6) years after issuance of the action challenged in the petition. See 28 U.S.C. § 2401(a). (2) Parties. The Secretary of Veterans Affairs must be named the respondent. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 43 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 15 (3) Contents. The petition for judicial review must describe how the persons seeking review are adversely affected and must specifically identify either of the following: (A) (B) the specific rules or other actions covered by 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(1) at issue in the petition; or the notice-and-comment rulemaking process covered by 5 U.S.C. § 553 at issue in the petition. (4) Procedure. Except as provided in Federal Circuit Rule 15(e), the procedures applicable to a petition for judicial review under 38 U.S.C. § 502 are the same as those for a petition for review under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 15 and Federal Circuit Rule 15. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 44 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 15 Time to Appeal or Petition. The table below is provided only as a convenience to parties, who should refer to the statutes, rules, and case law before determining the period available for taking an appeal or filing a petition for review and the event that starts the period. AGENCY STATUTE TIME Arbitrator 5 U.S.C. §§ 7121, 7703 60 days Board of Contract Appeals Board of Directors, Office of Congressional Workplace Rights Bureau of Justice Assistance Government Accountability Office Personnel Appeals Board International Trade Commission Merit Systems Protection Board Patent Trial and Appeal Board; Trademark Trial and Appeal Board; Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office 41 U.S.C. § 7107 120 days 2 U.S.C. § 1407(c)(3) 90 days 34 U.S.C. § 10287 90 days 31 U.S.C. § 755 30 days 19 U.S.C. § 1337 60 days 5 U.S.C. § 7703 60 days 35 U.S.C. § 142; 15 U.S.C. § 1071; 37 C.F.R. §§ 90.3(a)(1), 1.304, 2.145 2 months or 63 days Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 45 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 15 AGENCY STATUTE TIME Secretary of Agriculture 7 U.S.C. § 2461 60 days Secretary of Labor; Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission; Federal Labor Relations Authority; certain Merit Systems Protection Board cases and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission cases 28 U.S.C. § 1296 30 days Secretary of Veterans Affairs 38 U.S.C. § 502; Fed. Cir. R. 15(f) 6 years Filing in the Patent and Trademark Office. A notice of appeal must be filed with the Director by electronic mail to the email address indicated on the Patent and Trademark Office’s web page for the Office of General Counsel. If there is some circumstance in which electronic mail cannot be used, submission may be by Priority Mail Express® addressed to Office of the Solicitor United States Patent and Trademark Office Mail Stop 8 P.O. Box 1450 Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450. Copy of Decision or Order. A party filing a petition for review or notice of appeal is urged to attach a copy of the decision or order of the agency for which review is sought. Intervention. A party with the right to appeal or to petition for review may not, instead of exercising that right, intervene in another appeal or petition to seek relief in its own cause. Because the United States or Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 46 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 15 an agency of the United States is often the only appellee or respondent in cases under this rule, any other party seeking to intervene on the side of the appellee or respondent must move for leave to intervene within thirty (30) days after the date when the petition for review or notice of appeal is filed. A motion for leave to intervene out of time will be granted only in extraordinary circumstances. Statement Concerning Discrimination. Using Federal Circuit Form 10 satisfies the requirements under Federal Circuit Rule 15(c). The clerk of court will include Form 10 in the docketing package provided to any unrepresented petitioner seeking review of a decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board or an arbitrator. Timeliness. Except in inter partes appeals from decisions of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, parties in agency proceedings do not have the 14-day “cross-appeal” period that Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a)(3) grants to parties appealing from trial courts. The court cannot waive the statutory time requirements for filing a petition for review or notice of appeal. Consolidation. When more than one party appeals, cross-appeals, or petitions for review from rulings in the same underlying proceeding, the petitions or appeals will usually be consolidated by the clerk of court. Appeals or petitions for review from decisions involving the same or related patents from the same tribunal will usually be consolidated. Other appeals or petitions may be consolidated on motion or by the court sua sponte. Arbitration Awards in the United States Postal Service. These arbitration awards may not be appealed to this court. Proper Governmental Party in Appeals from Boards of Contract Appeals. In appeals from the boards of contract appeals, the title of the head of the federal agency is listed in the caption along with the name of the agency he or she heads. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 47 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 15 Filing and Docketing a Petition for Review or Appeal. A petition for review or appeal is filed when the petition for review or notice of appeal is received by the court or, in the case of an appeal from the Patent and Trademark Office, when the notice of appeal is received by the Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. A petition for review or appeal is docketed when it is listed on the electronic docket and assigned a docket number. Change of Head of Agency. In appeals in which the proper governmental party is the head of the agency, counsel for the government should promptly notify the clerk of court of any change that would affect the accuracy of the caption. Expedited Proceedings. The overall time for a review of an agency decision can be accelerated by the expeditious filing of a notice of appeal or petition for review shortly after entry of the reviewable agency order. When the appellant or petitioner is considering seeking expedited proceedings on appeal, the party should consider filing its notice of appeal or petition for review and principal brief well before the deadline for such actions. For further information on expedition procedures, see the Practice Notes to Rule 27. Participation by Appellees/Respondents. An appellee or respondent desiring not to file a brief or join in another party’s brief should promptly notify the clerk of court. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 48 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 15.1 Briefs and Oral Argument in a National Labor Relations Board Proceeding [OMITTED] FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 16 The Record on Review or Enforcement (a) Composition of the Record. The record on review or enforcement of an agency order consists of: (1) (2) (3) the order involved; any findings or report on which it is based; and the pleadings, evidence, and other parts of the proceedings before the agency. (b) Omissions from or Misstatements in the Record. The parties may at any time, by stipulation, supply any omission from the record or correct a misstatement, or the court may so direct. If necessary, the court may direct that a supplemental record be prepared and filed. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 49 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 17 Filing the Record (a) Agency to File; Time for Filing; Notice of Filing. The agency must file the record with the circuit clerk within 40 days after being served with a petition for review, unless the statute authorizing review provides otherwise, or within 40 days after it files an application for enforcement unless the respondent fails to answer or the court orders otherwise. The court may shorten or extend the time to file the record. The clerk must notify all parties of the date when the record is filed. (b) Filing — What Constitutes. (1) The agency must file: (A) (B) the original or a certified copy of the entire record or parts designated by the parties; or a certified list adequately describing all documents, transcripts of testimony, exhibits, and other material constituting the record, or describing those parts designated by the parties.* The parties may stipulate in writing that no record or certified list be filed. The date when the stipulation is filed with the circuit clerk is treated as the date when the record is filed. The agency must retain any portion of the record not filed with the clerk. All parts of the record retained by the agency are a part of the record on review for all purposes and, if the court or a party so requests, must be sent to the court regardless of any prior stipulation. (2) (3) *The agency must retain the record and must only send this court the certified list or index. See Fed. Cir. R. 15(a). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 50 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 17 Filing the Record (a) Retaining the Record; Sending the Certified List. The agency must retain the record and send to this court a certified list or index unless this court, on motion or sua sponte, orders otherwise. This requirement also applies to arbitrators whose decisions are reviewable by this court. (b) Certified List or Index. (1) From the United States Patent and Trademark Office. No later than forty (40) days after this court dockets an appeal, the Director must send to the clerk of court the certified list and a copy of the decision or order appealed. This constitutes compliance with the requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 143 and 15 U.S.C. § 1071(a)(3) for sending a certified record to the court. (2) From Another Agency. No later than forty (40) days after the court serves a petition for review or notice of appeal on an agency, the agency must send to the clerk of court the certified list or index and a copy of the decision or order being appealed. (3) Index of VA Rulemaking Record. identified In petitions for review under 38 U.S.C. § 502, if a petitioner has rulemaking proceeding not adequately complained of, so that the Secretary of Veterans Affairs cannot send the certified list or index within the time provided in Federal Circuit Rule 17(b)(2), the Secretary must promptly move to waive or extend the time for filing the certified list or index. the (c) Service of Certified List or Index by Agency. When an agency sends a certified list or index to the clerk of court, it must simultaneously serve a copy on the parties and provide a certificate of service to the clerk of court. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 51 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 17 (d) Access of Parties and Counsel to Original Record. (1) Material Not Subject to a Protective Order; Inspection and Copying. When a petition for review or notice of appeal is filed, the agency must permit a party or counsel for a party to inspect and copy the nonconfidential original papers, transcripts, and exhibits to prepare the appendix. This inspection and copying is subject to reasonable regulation by the agency. (2) Material Subject to a Protective Order; Inspection and Copying. A party or counsel for a party must be permitted to inspect and copy material contained in the record governed by a protective order of an agency in accordance with that order. If this court modifies or annuls the protective order, the access of a party or counsel is governed by the order of this court. (e) Protective Orders. Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(c) applies to the status of agency protective orders and modification thereof. PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 17 Transcript of Agency Proceeding at Government Expense. These rules do not require an agency to provide a party with a written transcript at the agency’s expense. Any party seeking a written transcript of a hearing should direct the request to the agency, not the court. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 52 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 18 Stay Pending Review (a) Motion for a Stay. (1) Initial Motion Before the Agency. A petitioner must ordinarily move first before the agency for a stay pending review of its decision or order. (2) Motion in the Court of Appeals. A motion for a stay may be made to the court of appeals or one of its judges. (A) The motion must: (i) (ii) show that moving first before the agency would be impracticable; or state that, a motion having been made, the agency denied the motion or failed to afford the relief requested and state any reasons given by the agency for its action. (B) The motion must also include: (i) (ii) the reasons for granting the relief requested and the facts relied on; originals or copies of affidavits or other sworn statements supporting facts subject to dispute; and (iii) relevant parts of the record. (C) The moving party must give reasonable notice of the motion to all parties. (D) The motion must be filed with the circuit clerk and normally will be considered by a panel of the court. But in an exceptional case in which time requirements make that procedure impracticable, the motion may be made to and considered by a single judge. (b) Bond. The court may condition relief on the filing of a bond or other appropriate security. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 53 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 18 Stay Pending Review (a) Petition for Review or Notice of Appeal; Agency Order. A petition for review or notice of appeal must be filed with this court before it will entertain a motion for a stay or injunction pending review. A motion for stay or injunction pending review must be accompanied by a certificate of interest under Federal Circuit Rule 47.4, a copy of the agency decision on the merits, and a copy of any agency order on the motion for a stay or injunction pending review. (b) Notice When Requesting Immediate Action. A party moving for a stay or injunction pending review and requesting immediate action by the court must — before filing — notify all parties that a motion will be filed. (c) Statement. If an initial motion for a stay pending review was not made in the agency under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 18(a), the movant must include in its motion in this court a statement explaining why it was not practicable to do so. If an initial motion for a stay pending review was made in the agency and remains pending, the movant must include in its motion in this court a statement specifically identifying when it filed the motion in the agency and why it is not practicable to await a ruling by the agency. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 54 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 18 Format Requirements. See Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 27 for format requirements concerning motions. Emergency Rule 18 Filings. Parties should notify the Clerk’s Office as soon as possible when filing (or in anticipation of filing) a Rule 18 motion. On weekdays from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (Eastern Time), please call the Clerk’s Office at 202- 275-8055. To notify the Clerk’s Office of emergency Rule 18 filings outside of normal operating hours that require action before the next email business [email protected]. Absent proper notification, the Clerk’s Office may not be able to act on an after-hours, emergency filing before the next business day. 202-275-8049 please day, and call Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 55 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 19 Settlement of a Judgment Enforcing an Agency Order in Part When the court files an opinion directing entry of judgment enforcing the agency’s order in part, the agency must within 14 days file with the clerk and serve on each other party a proposed judgment conforming to the opinion. A party who disagrees with the agency’s proposed judgment must within 10 days file with the clerk and serve the agency with a proposed judgment that the party believes conforms to the opinion. The court will settle the judgment and direct entry without further hearing or argument. FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 20 Applicability of Rules to the Review or Enforcement of an Agency Order All provisions of these rules, except Rules 3–14 and 22–23, apply to the review or enforcement of an agency order. In these rules, “appellant” includes a petitioner or applicant, and “appellee” includes a respondent. FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 20 Applicability of Rules to the Review of an Agency Order or Action All provisions of these Federal Circuit Rules, except Federal Circuit Rules 3–12, apply to the review of an agency order. In these Federal Circuit Rules, “appellant” includes a petitioner or applicant, and “appellee” includes a respondent. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 56 TITLE V — EXTRAORDINARY WRITS FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 21 (Return to Table of Contents) Writs of Mandamus and Prohibition, and Other Extraordinary Writs (a) Mandamus or Prohibition to a Court: Petition, Filing, Service, and Docketing. (1) A party petitioning for a writ of mandamus or prohibition directed to a court must file the petition with the circuit clerk and serve it on all parties to the proceeding in the trial court. The party must also provide a copy to the trial-court judge. All parties to the proceeding in the trial court other than the petitioner are respondents for all purposes. (2) (A) (B) The petition must be titled “In re [name of petitioner].” The petition must state: (i) the relief sought; (ii) the issues presented; (iii) the facts necessary to understand the issue presented by the petition; and (iv) the reasons why the writ should issue. (C) The petition must include a copy of any order or opinion or parts of the record that may be essential to understand the matters set forth in the petition. (3) Upon receiving the prescribed docket fee, the clerk must docket the petition and submit it to the court. (b) Denial; Order Directing Answer; Briefs; Precedence. (1) (2) The court may deny the petition without an answer. Otherwise, it must order the respondent, if any, to answer within a fixed time. The clerk must serve the order to respond on all persons directed to respond. (3) Two or more respondents may answer jointly. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 57 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 21 (4) (5) (6) (7) The court of appeals may invite or order the trial-court judge to address the petition or may invite an amicus curiae to do so. The trial-court judge may request permission to address the petition but may not do so unless invited or ordered to do so by the court of appeals. If briefing or oral argument is required, the clerk must advise the parties, and when appropriate, the trial-court judge or amicus curiae. The proceeding must be given preference over ordinary civil cases. The circuit clerk must send a copy of the final disposition to the trial-court judge. (c) Other Extraordinary Writs. An application for an extraordinary writ other than one provided for in Rule 21(a) must be made by filing a petition with the circuit clerk and serving it on the respondents. Proceedings on the application must conform, so far as is practicable, to the procedures prescribed in Rule 21(a) and (b). (d) Form of Papers; Number of Copies; Length Limits. All papers must conform to Rule 32(c)(2). An original and 3 copies must be filed unless the court requires the filing of a different number by local rule or by order in a particular case.* Except by the court’s permission, and excluding the accompanying documents required by Rule 21(a)(2)(C): (1) a paper produced using a computer must not exceed 7,800 words; and (2) a handwritten or typewritten paper must not exceed 30 pages.† *No copies are required. See Fed. Cir. R. 21(c)(1); Fed. Cir. R. 25(c)(3). †A petition for writ of mandamus or prohibition and any response must include a certificate of compliance with the type-volume limitations if filed under Fed. R. App. P. 21(d)(1). See Fed. R. App. P. 32(g). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 58 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 21 Writs of Mandamus and Prohibition, and Other Extraordinary Writs (a) Title; Fee; Response. (1) (2) (3) (4) A petition for writ of mandamus or prohibition directed to a court or an agency must be entitled: “In re [name of petitioner], Petitioner.”* The petition must include a certificate of interest under Federal Circuit Rule 47.4. An entry of appearance for principal counsel under Federal Circuit Rule 47.3 must accompany the petition, unless the petitioner is unrepresented. The petition must include proof of service under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 25(d) and be served outside the court’s electronic filing system. A petition filed under this rule must be filed with this court in accordance with Federal Circuit Rule 25(b). The fee set forth in Federal Circuit Rule 52, or a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis or other waiver, must accompany the petition. (5) No response may be filed unless ordered by the court. (b) Reply. If the court directs the filing of a response to a petition, then the petitioner may file a reply. Unless otherwise ordered, the petitioner may file a reply within seven (7) days after the date of the filing of the response. The court may act on the petition before receipt of any reply, and thus the filing of a reply should be expedited if appropriate. The reply may not exceed 3,900 words if produced electronically or fifteen (15) pages otherwise. (c) Copies; Brief. (1) (2) If the original petition, response, or reply is filed in paper form, then no additional copies are required. The filer of a petition, response, or reply must not submit a separate brief in support of its filing. * Ed. Note: Title updated to mirror the language of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 21(a)(2)(A). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 59 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 21 (d) Service of Order Denying Petition. If the petition is denied, the petitioner must serve a copy of the order denying the petition on all persons served with the petition unless such a person has entered an appearance in the proceeding or has been sent a copy of the order by the clerk of court. (e) Amicus Curiae Brief. An amicus curiae brief supporting a petition must be accompanied by a motion for leave to file and be filed no later than four (4) days after the petition is docketed. An amicus curiae brief in opposition to a petition must be accompanied by a motion for leave and be filed no later than the date the court directs for parties to respond to the petition. The court may act on the petition before leave is sought, and thus the filing of a brief and a motion for leave should be expedited if appropriate. Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure 29(a)(3) and 29(a)(4) apply to the motion and brief, except that the brief may not exceed 3,900 words if prepared electronically or fifteen (15) pages otherwise. (f) Petition for Panel Rehearing or Rehearing En Banc. Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 40 and Federal Circuit Rule 40 apply to any petition for panel rehearing, petition for hearing or rehearing en banc, or a combined petition for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 60 TITLE VI — HABEAS CORPUS; PROCEEDINGS IN FORMA PAUPERIS (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 22 Habeas Corpus and Section 2255 Proceedings [OMITTED] FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 23 Custody or Release of a Prisoner in a Habeas Corpus Proceeding [OMITTED] FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 24 Proceeding in Forma Pauperis (a) Leave to Proceed in Forma Pauperis. (1) Motion in the District Court. Except as stated in Rule 24(a)(3), a party to a district-court action who desires to appeal in forma pauperis must file a motion in the district court. The party must attach an affidavit that: (A) (B) (C) shows in the detail prescribed by Form 4 of the Appendix of Forms the party’s inability to pay or to give security for fees and costs;* claims an entitlement to redress; and states the issues that the party intends to present on appeal. (2) Action on the Motion. If the district court grants the motion, the party may proceed on appeal without prepaying or giving security for fees and * Federal Circuit Form 6 is this court’s version of Form 4. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 61 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 24 costs, unless a statute provides otherwise. If the district court denies the motion, it must state its reasons in writing. (3) Prior Approval. A party who was permitted to proceed in forma pauperis in the district-court action, or who was determined to be financially unable to obtain an adequate defense in a criminal case, may proceed on appeal further authorization, unless: forma pauperis without in (A) the district court — before or after the notice of appeal is filed — certifies that the appeal is not taken in good faith or finds that the party is not otherwise entitled to proceed in forma pauperis and states in writing its reasons for the certification or finding; or (B) a statute provides otherwise. (4) Notice of District Court’s Denial. The district clerk must immediately notify the parties and the court of appeals when the district court does any of the following: (A) (B) (C) denies a motion to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis; certifies that the appeal is not taken in good faith; or finds that the party is not otherwise entitled to proceed in forma pauperis. (5) Motion in the Court of Appeals. A party may file a motion to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis in the court of appeals within 30 days after service of the notice prescribed in Rule 24(a)(4). The motion must include a copy of the affidavit filed in the district court and the district court’s statement of reasons for its action. If no affidavit was filed in the district court, the party must include the affidavit prescribed by Rule 24(a)(1). (b) Leave to Proceed in Forma Pauperis on Appeal from the United States Tax Court or on Appeal or Review of an Administrative Agency Proceeding. A party may file in the court of appeals a motion for leave to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis with an affidavit prescribed by Rule 24(a)(1): Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 62 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 24 (1) in an appeal from the United States Tax Court; and (2) when an appeal or review of a proceeding before an administrative agency, board, commission, or officer proceeds directly in the court of appeals. (c) Leave to Use Original Record. A party allowed to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis may request that the appeal be heard on the original record without reproducing any part. FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 24 Proceeding in Forma Pauperis (a) Form. Within fourteen (14) days after docketing, parties seeking to proceed in forma pauperis must submit a motion and affidavit using this court’s form or the form provided in the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. The clerk of court will provide unrepresented parties with a copy of this court’s form upon request. (b) Supplemental Form. If the movant is incarcerated, in addition to the motion and affidavit, the movant must file a supplemental form for prisoners. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 63 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 24 Docketing Fee; Transcript Request. A party permitted to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal is not required to pay the docketing fee. Any request for a transcript of an agency proceeding at government expense is governed by agency regulations and must be directed to the agency. Proceeding on Original Record. A request under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 24(c) that an appeal be heard on the original record is rarely granted because the available informal brief procedure permits an appendix consisting only of a copy of the decision or order sought to be reviewed. See Federal Circuit Rule 30(h); Federal Circuit Forms 11–17. Effect of Prison Litigation Reform Act. Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, a prisoner granted pauper status before the district court is not automatically entitled to pauper status on appeal. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915. A prisoner seeking to proceed in forma pauperis is directed to the Guide for Unrepresented Petitioners and Appellants for further information. Forms. Using Federal Circuit Form 6 satisfies the requirements for a motion and affidavit for leave to proceed in forma pauperis under Federal Circuit Rule 24(a). Using Federal Circuit Form 6A satisfies the requirement for incarcerated movants to file a supplemental form for prisoners under Federal Circuit Rule 24(b). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 64 TITLE VII — GENERAL PROVISIONS (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 25 Filing and Service (a) Filing. (1) Filing with the Clerk. A paper required or permitted to be filed in a court of appeals must be filed with the clerk. Filing: Method and Timeliness. (2) (A) Nonelectronic Filing. (i) In General. For a paper not filed electronically, filing may be accomplished by mail addressed to the clerk, but filing is not timely unless the clerk receives the papers within the time fixed for filing. (ii) A Brief or Appendix. A brief or appendix not filed electronically is timely filed, however, if on or before the last day for filing, it is:  mailed to the clerk by first-class mail, or other class of mail that is at least as expeditious, postage prepaid; or  dispatched to a third-party commercial carrier for delivery to the clerk within 3 days. (iii) Inmate Filing. If an institution has a system designed for legal mail, an inmate confined there must use that system to receive the benefit of this Rule 25(a)(2)(A)(iii). filed electronically by an inmate is timely if it is deposited in the institution’s internal mail system on or before the last day for filing and: A paper not  it is accompanied by: a declaration in compliance with 28 U.S.C. § 1746 — or a notarized statement — setting out the date of deposit and stating that first-class postage is being prepaid; or evidence (such as a postmark or date stamp) showing that Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 65 FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 25 (Return to Table of Contents) the paper was so deposited and that postage was prepaid; or  the court of appeals exercises its discretion to permit the later filing of a declaration or notarized statement that satisfies Rule 25(a)(2)(A)(iii). (B) Electronic Filing and Signing. (i) By a Represented Person — Generally Required; Exceptions. A person represented by an attorney must file electronically, unless nonelectronic filing is allowed by the court for good cause or is allowed or required by local rule.* (ii) By an Unrepresented Person — When Allowed or Required. A person not represented by an attorney:  may file electronically only if allowed by court order or by local rule; and  may be required to file electronically only by court order, or by a local rule that includes reasonable exceptions.† (iii) Signing. A filing made through a person’s electronic-filing account and authorized by that person, together with that person’s name on a signature the person’s signature.‡ constitutes block, (iv) Same as a Written Paper. A paper filed electronically is a written paper for purposes of these rules. *See Fed. Cir. R. 25(c)(1)(A)–(B) and Fed. Cir. R. 30(i) for situations where a person represented by an attorney may file in paper. †Fed. Cir. R. 25(a)(1)(B) authorizes the clerk of court to permit electronic filing for unrepresented parties which began on October 1, 2020. ‡The acceptable formats for the electronic signature are described in Fed. Cir. 25(g)(1)(A). The oath of admission to the Federal Circuit bar requires a handwritten signature. See Fed. Cir. R. 25(g)(2). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 66 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 25 (3) Filing a Motion with a Judge. If a motion requests relief that may be granted by a single judge, the judge may permit the motion to be filed with the judge; the judge must note the filing date on the motion and give it to the clerk. (4) Clerk’s Refusal of Documents. The clerk must not refuse to accept for filing any paper presented for that purpose solely because it is not presented in proper form as required by these rules or by any local rule or practice. (5) Privacy Protection. An appeal in a case whose privacy protection was governed by Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9037, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2, or Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 49.1 is governed by the same rule on appeal. In all other proceedings, privacy protection is governed by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2, except that Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 49.1 governs when an extraordinary writ is sought in a criminal case. The provisions on remote electronic access in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2(c)(1) and (2) apply in a petition for review of a benefits decision of the Railroad Retirement Board under the Railroad Retirement Act. (b) Service of All Papers Required. Unless a rule requires service by the clerk, a party must, at or before the time of filing a paper, serve a copy on the other parties to the appeal or review. Service on a party represented by counsel must be made on the party’s counsel. (c) Manner of Service. (1) Nonelectronic service may be any of the following: (A) (B) (C) personal, including delivery to a responsible person at the office of counsel; by mail; by third-party commercial carrier for delivery within 3 days. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 67 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 25 (2) Electronic service of a paper may be made (A) by sending it to a registered user by filing it with the court’s electronic-filing system or (B) by sending it by other electronic means that the person to be served consented to in writing. (3) When reasonable considering such factors as the immediacy of the relief sought, distance, and cost, service on a party must be by a manner at least as expeditious as the manner used to file the paper with the court. (4) Service by mail or by commercial carrier is complete on mailing or delivery to the carrier. Service by electronic means is complete on filing or sending, unless the party making service is notified that the paper was not received by the party served. (d) Proof of Service. (1) A paper presented for filing must contain either of the following if it was served other than through the court’s electronic-filing system: (A) (B) an acknowledgment of service by the person served; or proof of service consisting of a statement by the person who made service certifying: (i) the date and manner of service; (ii) the names of the persons served; and (iii) their mail or electronic addresses, facsimile numbers, or the addresses of the places of delivery, as appropriate for the manner of service. (2) When a brief or appendix is filed by mailing or dispatch in accordance with Rule 25(a)(2)(A)(ii), the proof of service must also state the date and manner by which the document was mailed or dispatched to the clerk. (3) Proof of service may appear on or be affixed to the papers filed. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 68 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 25 (e) Number of Copies. When these rules require the filing or furnishing of a number of copies, a court may require a different number by local rule or by order in a particular case.* FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 Filing and Service (a) General Filing Requirements. (1) Filing Methods. Where these rules discuss electronic filing, it exclusively refers to use of the court’s electronic filing system. Unless authorized in advance by the court or the clerk of court, facsimile and email transmission of documents will not be accepted. (A) Represented Parties. Parties represented by counsel must submit all documents in Portable Document Format (PDF) using the court’s electronic filing system and following the instructions and requirements in the court’s Electronic Filing Procedures. (B) Unrepresented Parties. Following public notice, the clerk of court may provide for unrepresented parties to file electronically and may establish necessary procedures and requirements consistent with these rules. Once electronic filing is available, an unrepresented party must inform the court within fourteen (14) days after that party’s case is docketed whether the filer elects to submit documents in paper form or register for electronic filing and submit documents in PDF through the court’s electronic filing system; following this election, the party may not change methods in that case without leave of the court or the *All of this court’s paper copy requirements are consolidated under Fed. Cir. R. 25(c)(3). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 69 FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 (Return to Table of Contents) clerk of court for good cause shown. An unrepresented party may use either method to submit case-initiating documents and may elect to file using different methods in each separate case. If an unrepresented party elects to file electronically, Federal Circuit Rule 25(c)(1) applies.* (2) Electronic Filer Registration. Attorneys who appear before this court and unrepresented parties choosing to file electronically must register for the court’s electronic filing system. Registration requirements are located in the court’s Electronic Filing Procedures. Registration for electronic filing is not a substitute for admission to the bar or appearance in a case. Unrepresented paper filers may register for electronic filing at any point, and they may elect to file electronically after registration is approved by the court. (3) Restrictions on Electronic Filers. Registration for the court’s electronic filing system constitutes an agreement by the filer to abide by all the procedures and in the court’s Electronic Filing requirements set forth Procedures. Following notice and an opportunity to respond, the clerk of court may restrict or revoke electronic filing privileges for users who have either (A) repeatedly failed to comply with these procedures and requirements or (B) failed to maintain appropriate security of account credentials. (4) Electronic Filing Procedures. The clerk of court is authorized to adopt Electronic Filing Procedures governing the administrative and technical requirements and procedures for using the court’s electronic filing system. † However, nothing in the Electronic Filing Procedures may contradict the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, the Federal Circuit Rules, or any applicable federal law. *Ed. Note: Electronic filing for unrepresented parties was made available beginning on October 1, 2020. †Ed. Note: The Electronic Filing Procedures adopted by the clerk of court are available on the court’s website at https://cafc.uscourts.gov/wp-content/uploads/ElectronicFilingProcedures.pdf. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 70 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 (5) Change of Name or Contact Information. Filers must immediately submit an amended appearance under Federal Circuit Rule 47.3 to notify the clerk of court of a change of name or contact information, including an email address for electronic service. Electronic filers must also update their information in the court’s electronic filing system. Failure to maintain current contact information with the clerk of court may result in the suspension of electronic filing privileges or missed notifications. (b) Case-Initiating Documents. Documents such as appeals filed directly with this court, petitions for review, petitions for writs of mandamus, petitions for permission to appeal, and motions for stays or injunctions under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 8 or 18 are considered case-initiating documents if the appeal or petition has not been docketed. (1) Electronic Submissions. A case-initiating document is considered filed at the time and date registered by the court’s electronic filing system. No paper copy is required. Parties represented by a member of the bar of this court must submit case-initiating documents electronically. (2) Nonelectronic Submissions. Unrepresented parties or parties represented at the lower tribunal by counsel who are not members of the bar of this court may choose to submit case-initiating documents in paper. Only one paper copy is required of any case-initiating document submitted in paper. Once the notice of docketing is issued, an unrepresented party must follow Federal Circuit Rule 25(a)(1). (c) All Other Documents. (1) Submissions by Electronic Filers. A document submitted electronically is deemed filed on the date and time stated on the Notice of Docket Activity generated from the court’s electronic filing system. Paper copies must not be provided to the court except to the extent required by Federal Circuit Rule 25(c)(3) or as ordered by the court. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 71 FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 (A) Motion for Exemption. (Return to Table of Contents) for exemption from electronic A motion filing requirements may be submitted in paper form. Upon a showing of good cause, the court may exempt a filer from electronic filing requirements and authorize filing by other means. Items That Cannot Be Filed Electronically. (B) Exhibits, attachments, or appendices that cannot be submitted electronically due to their format — such as those which are illegible when scanned, or which, because of their odd shape, are unable to be scanned, or physical exhibits other than documents, — may be filed in physical form without leave of court. The party must file electronically a Notice of Physical Filing and submit the original exhibit, attachment, or appendix in physical form to the clerk of court within five (5) business days after filing the notice. For electronic appendix material that is unable to be reproduced in paper, Federal Circuit Rule 30(i) applies, and a separate Notice of Physical Filing is not required. (C) Technical or System Failures. An electronic filer whose filing is untimely as the result of a technical or system failure may file a motion for leave to file out of time that includes (1) a declaration or affidavit attesting to the failed attempts to file electronically and (2) the document that could not be filed due to the technical or system failure. (2) Submissions by Nonelectronic Filers. A document submitted in paper form is deemed filed on the date and time it is received by the court. Additional paper copies must not be provided to the court except to the extent required by Federal Circuit Rule 25(c)(3) or as ordered by the court. (A) Originals. Nonelectronic filers, including counsel exempted from electronic filing requirements, must file one original of each document. If a party chooses to file required paper copies at the same time as the original submission, then Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 72 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 the original will count toward the number of paper copies. (B) Paper Records. The clerk of court will scan originals provided in paper and make the scanned documents part of the court’s official record through its electronic filing system. After the scanned documents are entered into the court’s electronic filing system, the paper documents will be discarded records management policies. in accordance with judiciary (3) Paper Copies. Except as provided in this subsection or as ordered by the court, electronic filers must not provide paper copies to the court. When paper copies are required, the clerk of court will note receipt of those copies on the electronic docket. (A) Briefs and Appendices During Initial Consideration. During initial consideration of a case on the merits, six (6) paper copies — or three (3) for cases briefed informally — of each brief and appendix must be provided to the court within five (5) business days after the court’s issuance of a notice requesting paper copies. (B) Petitions for Panel Rehearing. Three (3) paper copies of any petition for panel rehearing, related response, or related brief amicus curiae must be provided to the court within two (2) business days after the filing of the petition, response, or brief. (C) En Banc or Combined Petitions. three (13) paper copies — or for Thirteen unrepresented parties — of any petition for en banc hearing, petition for en banc rehearing, combined petition for panel and en banc rehearing, related response, or related brief amicus curiae must be provided to the court within two (2) business days after the filing of the petition, response, or brief. (3) Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 73 FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 (Return to Table of Contents) (D) Briefs and Appendices in En Banc Cases. If the court orders en banc hearing or rehearing, twenty- six (26) paper copies of each brief and appendix filed in the case prior to the date of the court’s order must be provided to the court within five (5) business days after that order. Twenty-six (26) paper copies of each brief and appendix filed during en banc consideration must be provided to the court within five (5) business days after the filing of the document. (E) Confidential Versions. If a confidential document is filed in two versions pursuant to Federal Circuit Rule 25.1, then only paper copies of the confidential version must be provided to the court. (F) Corrected Versions. If a party has not yet filed paper copies of a document and that party has electronically filed a corrected version of that document, then only paper copies of the corrected version must be provided to the court. (4) Review and Correction by the Clerk of Court. The clerk of court may require the filing of a corrected copy of any submission that fails to comply with the court’s rules or the Electronic Filing Procedures. If a party fails to file a timely corrected copy in response to a notice requiring correction from the clerk of court, the clerk of court may strike the non- compliant document from the docket. The clerk of court may also edit docket entries to correct or to add text or attachments, and any such revision will be identified on the docket. (d) Format of Documents. Documents filed electronically and in paper must comply with the format requirements set forth in the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, the Federal Circuit Rules, and the court’s Electronic Filing Procedures. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 74 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 (e) Service. (1) Electronic Filings. A filing does not require proof of service if it is served on all parties through the court’s electronic filing system. Service of a filing to a user’s email address registered with the court’s electronic filing system at the time of the filing constitutes valid service, even if the user has failed to timely provide an updated valid email address and the served email address is invalid. Any nonelectronic filers in the case must be served in paper or by an alternative method of service permitted by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 25(c); the filing must include proof of service noting the method of service. (2) Paper or Physical Filings. A copy of any original filing submitted to the court in paper must be served on all other parties in paper. The original must include proof of service. If a Notice of Physical Filing is filed pursuant to Federal Circuit Rule 25(c)(1)(B), then a copy of the physical filing must be served on all other parties and the notice must include proof of service of the physical filing. (3) Confidential Material. Filers cannot serve confidential information through the court’s electronic filing system. When a document is filed in two versions pursuant to Federal Circuit Rule 25.1, the filer must serve all other authorized parties using one of the other service methods permitted by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 25(c). (4) Consent to Electronic or Alternative Service. Except for the service of confidential material under Federal Circuit Rule 25(e)(3), registration as an electronic filer constitutes consent to electronic service of all documents by the court’s electronic filing system. Parties, including nonelectronic filers, may consent in writing to electronic service by other means. Absent such an agreement, Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 25(c)(1) applies. (5) Service of Papers Before Appearance. Service of a filing on a party for which counsel has not yet entered an appearance must be made on counsel of record for Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 75 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 the party in the proceeding below at that counsel’s last known address, or, if unrepresented, on that party directly. (f) Private, Confidential, or Sealed Information. Requirements for filing private, confidential, and sealed material with the court are detailed in Federal Circuit Rule 25.1. (g) Signatures. (1) Electronic Signature. (A) An electronic signature consists of either (1) the printed name of the individual preceded by the mark “/s/” entered on the signature line or (2) an electronic signature from a commercial provider that complies with the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN) (15 U.S.C. § 7001). The electronic signature must appear where the signature would otherwise appear. (B) The clerk of court will only accept a document with an electronic signature when (1) the name of the electronic signer matches the name on the account used to file the document in the court’s electronic filing system or (2) multiple signatures are present pursuant to Federal Circuit Rule 32(g). (2) Form of Signature. Where the rules require a signature on a document filed electronically, an electronic signature may be used. For documents filed in paper form, an original, handwritten signature must be used. An original signature is not required on paper copies required by Federal Circuit Rule 25(c)(3). Applications for admission to this court’s bar must always bear either (A) handwritten signatures or (B) an ESIGN compliant electronic signature by the applicant and any sponsor. However, the oath of admission must bear a handwritten signature. (3) Retention of Documents. Documents that are electronically filed and require original signatures other than that of the filer (such as an affidavit signed by a person other than the filer) must be maintained in original form by the filer until the issuance of the mandate with Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 76 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25 no right of appeal or until such later date as the court prescribes. On request of the court, the filer must provide original documents for review. (h) Sanctions for Failure to Comply. Failure to comply with the court’s rules may result in dismissal of the appeal or other action as deemed appropriate by the court. (i) Corrections to Filings. (1) General. A document may not be corrected merely by filing or appending an errata sheet. A party wishing to make non-substantive corrections to any document currently on file with the clerk of court must file a Notice of Correction. Substantive corrections may only be made with leave of the court. (2) Format. A corrected document must indicate “corrected” in the title or on the cover. A new proof of service must be attached to any corrected filing that is not being served through the court’s electronic filing system. The “corrected” notation is not required on a document when changes have been ordered by the court or the clerk of court. (3) Notice of Correction. A Notice of Correction must be filed contemporaneously with the corrected document and must specifically delineate each correction. A Notice of Correction is not required for changes to a document when those changes have been ordered by the court or the clerk of court. (4) Required Copies. If paper copies have already been submitted, an adequate number of corrected paper copies must be filed. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 77 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 25 Location of Clerk’s Office; Hours of Operation; Night Box. The clerk’s office is in Room 401 of the National Courts Building, 717 Madison Place, NW, Washington, DC 20439, and is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on workdays. After the office closes on workdays, papers may be deposited until 7:00 pm in a night box located in the lobby of the National Courts Building. Clerk’s Mailing Address. Address mail as follows: Clerk of Court United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 717 Madison Place NW Washington, DC 20439 The clerk of court will not pay postage due. Return Copy Marked Received. When a brief or other paper is presented for filing and the filer provides a copy to be marked “received,” the clerk of court will mark it received and return it. If the filing is by mail or if the night box is used, a self- addressed, postage-paid (first class) return envelope must accompany the request. Unrepresented Party Who Is a Member of the Bar. If an unrepresented party is also a member of the court’s bar, that individual may proceed under the rules applicable for either represented or unrepresented parties, but not both in a single case. Paper Copies of Briefs and Appendices. Counsel should not submit paper copies of any briefs or appendices required under Federal Circuit Rule 25(c)(3)(A) until after the court issues a notice indicating that the copies are due and the deadline for filing these copies. In typical, non-expedited cases, the clerk of court issues this notice shortly after briefing concludes. Paper copies for petitions and briefs related to panel rehearing, en banc hearing, or en banc rehearing are due after the filing of the electronic version as required by Federal Circuit Rule 25(c)(3)(B)-(D). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 78 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 25 Confidential Filings. For purposes of these rules, documents filed as “confidential” are treated the same as documents filed “under seal.” Unrepresented Party Filing Election. Using Federal Circuit Form 8B satisfies the requirement for an unrepresented party to notify the court of the elected filing method under Federal Circuit Rule 25(a)(1)(B). Certificate of Service. Using Federal Circuit Form 30 satisfies the requirements for proof of service under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 25(d) and Federal Circuit Rule 25(e). FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25.1 Privacy and Confidentiality (a) Scope. (1) Availability to the Public. Unredacted material included in nonconfidential or unsealed filings is presumed to be public. After five (5) years following the end of all proceedings in this court, the court may direct the parties to show cause why confidential filings (except those protected by statute) should not be unsealed and made available to the public. (2) Restricted Access. At the time of filing, access to confidential or sealed documents will be restricted to authorized court personnel only. If a party or its counsel has not been authorized access to confidential or sealed material under a governing protective order, any filing containing such material must include the pertinent protective order with a cover letter indicating which parties or counsel are not authorized access. The court may provide access to confidential or sealed material to all parties and counsel in a case who are not identified on such a cover letter. Any confidential or Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 79 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25.1 sealed document filed without a cover letter is assumed to be accessible by all parties and counsel in the case. (3) Responsibility for Review. The parties and their counsel are solely responsible for redacting restricted or sensitive materials from documents, identifying any counsel or parties to the case not permitted to access confidential or sealed material, and properly filing confidential or sealed material. The clerk of court is not required to review documents to ensure material has been appropriately redacted. (4) Redactions. No material may appear redacted in a filing with this court except as provided in Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 25(a)(5) or Federal Circuit Rules 25.1(b), 25.1(d), or 30(c)(2), or if that material was only filed in redacted form at the trial court or agency. (b) Personally Identifiable Information. All parties must refrain from including or must redact personally identifiable information (PII) from documents filed with the court. Documents that contain only redacted PII and no other confidential markings are not required to adhere to Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(e). The requirement to redact PII may be waived by the inclusion of a statement of consent by the affected individual, but a person waives the protection of this rule as to that person’s own PII by filing it without redaction and not under seal. Examples of PII include the following: (1) (2) Social security numbers; Financial account numbers; (3) Names of minors (use instead the minor’s initials); (4) Dates of birth (use the year only); and (5) Home addresses (use the city and state only). (c) Protective Orders. (1) Status of a Protective Order on Appeal. In general, any portion of the record that was subject to a protective order in the trial court or agency must remain subject to that order on appeal or review. Material will lose its status as subject to a protective order, however, if and when it has been Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 80 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25.1 removed from protected status under subsection (2) below or has appeared in a filing without being marked confidential. This court, sua sponte, may direct the parties to show cause why a protective order should not be modified. (2) Agreement by Parties to Modify a Protective Order. If any portion of the record in the trial court or agency is subject to a protective order and a notice of appeal or petition for review has been filed, each party must promptly review the record to determine whether protected portions need to remain protected on appeal. If a party determines that some portion no longer needs to be protected, that party must seek an agreement with the other parties. Any agreement that is reached must be promptly presented to the trial court or agency, which may issue an appropriate order. (A) Certificate of Compliance. In appeals of proceedings subject to a protective order in the trial court or agency, each party must file a certificate of compliance no later than the time for filing the appendix stating it complied with this rule. (B) Exclusion. This requirement does not apply to cases arising under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a or to third-party information marked confidential. (d) Confidential Marking Limitations; Motions to Exceed Limitations. (1) Motions, Petitions, Responses, Replies, and Briefs. Material in a motion, petition, response, reply, or brief may only be marked confidential to the extent noted in subsections (A)–(C) below, and only if the information (1) is treated as confidential pursuant to a judicial or administrative protective order and (2) such marking is authorized by statute, administrative regulation, or court rule (such as Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c)(1)). Otherwise, no material may be marked confidential, including Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 81 FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25.1 (Return to Table of Contents) references to information previously treated as confidential pursuant to a protective order.* (A) General Limitation. Each motion, petition, response, reply, or brief may mark as confidential up to fifteen (15) unique words (including numbers). (B) Limitation for Cases Under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a or 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b). In cases arising under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a or 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b), each motion, petition, response, reply, or brief may mark confidential up to fifty (50) unique words (including numbers). (C) Exclusions. When a phrase is marked confidential in a filing, the words in the phrase count against the unique word allotment for that filing; but repeating the same confidential material in the same filing does not use up any more of the unique word allotment. If a responsive filing uses material previously marked confidential in the filing(s) to which it responds, that material does not count against the unique word allotment for the responsive filing. (D) Applicability. The limitations of Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(d)(1) do not apply to appendices; attachments; exhibits; and addenda to motions, petitions, responses, replies, or briefs. (2) Other Documents. Material that is covered by a protective order or that has confidentiality imposed on it by a statute, rule, or regulation may be marked confidential in any filing other than those subject to Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(d)(1) without any limitation on the number of markings. Material that has lost its protective *Ed. Note: The parties must be prepared to justify to the court any claim of confidentiality. See the Practice Notes to Rule 25.1 (Justification for Claim of Confidentiality) and Rule 34 (Justification for Claim of Confidentiality). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 82 FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25.1 (Return to Table of Contents) coverage under Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(c) may not be marked confidential. (3) Motion to Waive Requirements. A party seeking to mark more words confidential than permitted must file a motion with this court. Access to a filing accompanied by a motion to waive confidentiality requirements will be restricted in accordance with Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(a) and will remain restricted should the motion be denied, unless ordered otherwise. (A) Contents. The motion must identify the total number of unique words sought to be marked confidential and establish why the additional markings are appropriate and necessary pursuant to a statute, administrative regulation, or court rule. For example, a party may establish that an argument cannot be properly developed without additional disclosure of confidential information, and public disclosure will risk causing competitive injury. All motions should explain in detail the propriety of confidentiality and provide reasons and/or legal citations for each source of information sought to be marked as confidential. (B) Time for Filing. The motion must be filed contemporaneously with the document for which waiver of confidentiality requirements is sought. (C) Court Action. If the motion is denied in whole or in part, an amended filing that complies with the confidentiality limitations must be filed within ten (10) days after the action on the motion. Any amended filing that still does not meet the confidentiality limitations must be submitted with a new motion. (e) Contents and Format for Confidential Filings. (1) Two Versions. A document containing material subject to confidentiality as permitted by Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(d) must be filed with the court in two versions: a confidential version that notes the Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 83 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 25.1 material marked confidential, and a nonconfidential version containing appropriate redactions. (A) Confidential Version. or on the cover stated The cover or front page of the confidential version must be labeled “confidential,” either centered at the top or contained in the title. If confidentiality will end on a certain date or upon the happening of an event, this must (e.g., be “CONFIDENTIAL UNTIL [DATE],” or “CONFIDENTIAL DURING JUDICIAL REVIEW”). Each page containing confidential material must enclose this material in brackets or indicate this material by highlighting. The confidential version of an appendix must include at the beginning (i.e., in front of the judgment or order appealed imposing from) pertinent excerpts of any statutes confidentiality or the entirety of any judicial or administrative protective order. front page (B) Nonconfidential Version. The cover or front page of the nonconfidential version must be labeled “nonconfidential,” either centered at the top or contained in the title. Each page from which material subject to a protective order has been deleted or redacted must bear a legend so stating. Except for redactions in exhibits, addenda, and appendices, an adequate, general descriptor of the material must appear over the deletion or redaction. The table of contents must include a paragraph describing the general nature of the confidential material that has been deleted and applicable page numbers. If the document does not contain a table of contents, this paragraph must be the first paragraph of the document. (2) Certificate of Confidential Material. A motion, petition, response, reply, or brief that includes material marked confidential under Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(d)(1) must be accompanied by a certificate that indicates the exact number of unique words (including numbers) sought to be marked confidential. It is the responsibility of the filing party to ensure that the certificate of confidential material is accurate. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 84 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 25.1 Describing the General Nature of Confidential Material Deleted from the Nonconfidential Version. The following example is acceptable: CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL OMITTED The material omitted on page 42 describes the circumstances of an alleged lost sale; the material omitted in the first line of page 43 indicates the dollar amount of an alleged revenue loss; the material omitted on page 44 indicates the quantity of the party’s inventory and its market share; the material omitted in the text on page 45 describes the distributor’s experiences concerning the inventories and order lead times; and the material omitted in the footnote on page 45 describes non-price factors affecting customers’ preferences between competing methods. Justification for Claim of Confidentiality. Unnecessarily designating material in the briefs and appendix as confidential abrogates the right of public access and may hinder the court’s preparation and issuance of opinions. Counsel must be prepared to justify at oral argument any claim of confidentiality. Noting Redactions in the Nonconfidential Version. When a page redacts confidential information, the legend noting the redaction should appear in the margin of the page. When including a general descriptor of redacted information, that description must appear in place of the redacted information, e.g., “dollar amount,” “number of items,” “chemical name.” If an entire page is redacted, a slip sheet may be included, and the legend may appear in the center of the sheet. If a consecutive range of entire pages is redacted, the filer may include one slip sheet with a legend representing the redaction of that range of pages. Noting Confidential Material in the Confidential Version. The court requires that confidential information be clearly identifiable in the confidential version, and the filer should ensure that highlighting will not obscure text or be confused with other identifiers elsewhere in the document. Brackets should be sized appropriately to Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 85 (Return to Table of Contents) PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 25.1 ensure they are readily recognizable. If an entire page is to be marked confidential, the filer may include large brackets on the left and right margin of the page or highlight the entire page. The highlight may be in the form of a box over the entire page or a clearly highlighted border surrounding the page. Record Material That Exists in Two Versions. When material that is part of the record had a sealed and a public version of that document, such as an underlying opinion or order, then the confidential appendix should include the sealed version and the nonconfidential appendix should include the public version. The two versions must be appropriately highlighted or bracketed. If one version is longer than the other, the shorter version should include slip sheets to cover the additional missing pages in its corresponding version. Confidential Filings. For purposes of these rules, documents filed as “confidential” are treated the same as documents filed “under seal.” Certificate of Confidential Material. Using Federal Circuit Form 31 satisfies the certificate requirements of Federal Circuit Rule 25.1(e)(2). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 86 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 26 Computing and Extending Time (a) Computing Time. The following rules apply in computing any time period specified in these rules, in any local rule or court order, or in any statute that does not specify a method of computing time. (1) Period Stated in Days or a Longer Unit. When the period is stated in days or a longer unit of time: (A) (B) (C) exclude the day of the event that triggers the period; count every day, including intermediate Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays; and include the last day of the period, but if the last day is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the period continues to run until the end of the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday.* (2) Period Stated in Hours. When the period is stated in hours: (A) (B) (C) begin counting immediately on the occurrence of the event that triggers the period; count every hour, including hours during intermediate Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays; and if the period would end on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the period continues to run until the same time on the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday. (3) Inaccessibility of the Clerk’s Office. Unless the court orders otherwise, if the clerk’s office is inaccessible: (A) on the last day for filing under Rule 26(a)(1), then the time for filing is extended to the first accessible day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday; or *If a filing is served on a weekend or legal holiday, then calculate the responsive deadline as though the document were served on the next business day. See Fed. Cir. R. 26(a)(2), Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 87 FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 26 (Return to Table of Contents) (B) during the last hour for filing under Rule 26(a)(2), then the time for filing is extended to the same time on the first accessible day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday.* (4) ‘‘Last Day’’ Defined. Unless a different time is set by a statute, local rule, or court order, the last day ends: (A) (B) (C) for electronic filing in the district court, at midnight in the court’s time zone; for electronic filing in the court of appeals, at midnight in the time zone of the circuit clerk’s principal office; for filing under Rules 4(c)(1), 25(a)(2)(A)(ii), and filing by mail under Rule 25(a)(2)(A)(iii) — and 13(a)(2) — at the latest time for the method chosen for delivery to the post office, third-party commercial carrier, or prison mailing system; and (D) for filing by other means, when the clerk’s office is scheduled to close. (5) “Next Day” Defined. The “next day” is determined by continuing to count forward when the period is measured after an event and backward when measured before an event. (6) “Legal Holiday” Defined. “Legal holiday” means: (A) the day set aside by statute for observing New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr.’s Birthday, Washington’s Birthday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans’ Day, Thanksgiving Day, or Christmas Day; (B) any day declared a holiday by the President or Congress; and *See Fed. Cir. R. 26(a)(3)–(4) for a broader explanation of how this court defines inaccessibility. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 88 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 26 (C) for periods that are measured after an event, any other day declared a holiday by the state where either of the following is located: the district court that rendered the challenged judgment or order, or the circuit clerk’s principal office.* (b) Extending Time. For good cause, the court may extend the time prescribed by these rules or by its order to perform any act or may permit an act to be done after that time expires. But the court may not extend the time to file: (1) (2) a notice of appeal (except as authorized in Rule 4) or a petition for permission to appeal; or a notice of appeal from or a petition to enjoin, set aside, suspend, modify, enforce, or otherwise review an order of an administrative agency, board, commission, or officer of the United States, unless specifically authorized by law. (c) Additional Time after Certain Kinds of Service. When a party may or must act within a specified time after being served, and the paper is not served electronically on the party or delivered to the party on the date stated in the proof of service, 3 days are added after the period would otherwise expire under Rule 26(a).† *“Legal holiday” also means a day on which the clerk’s office is closed by order of the court or chief judge. See Fed. Cir. R. 26(a)(1). †Three days are not added to deadlines set by court order. See Fed. Cir. R. 26(a)(5). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 89 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 26 Computing and Extending Time (a) Computation of Time; Inaccessibility of the Clerk’s Office. (1) Legal Holiday. In addition to the definition under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 26(a)(6), “legal holiday” includes the day after Thanksgiving Day and any day on which the clerk’s office is closed by order of the court or the chief judge. The clerk of court will publicly post any order issued in accordance with this provision. (2) Calculating Deadlines. Unless otherwise ordered, the timeliness of any responsive document is computed from the date of service of the original submission, regardless of any corrections made by the party. Should leave of the court be required to file a document, the deadline for any responsive document will be triggered by the court’s order on the motion for leave, unless otherwise ordered. If a document is served on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, timeliness for any responsive document will be calculated from the next business day. Unless a time for filing is ordered by the court, filing must be completed before midnight Eastern Time on the due date to be considered timely. (3) Inaccessibility of Nonelectronic Filing. The clerk of court may provide notice that the clerk’s office is inaccessible for purposes of receiving nonelectronic filings and submissions, and deadlines for nonelectronic filings and submissions will be automatically extended in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 26(a)(3). Such notice will be posted publicly. (4) Inaccessibility of Electronic Filing. In the event of a scheduled system outage, unscheduled technical failure of the electronic filing system, or other matter preventing electronic filing, the clerk of court may provide notice that the clerk’s office is inaccessible and extend deadlines for electronic filings pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 26(a)(3). Such a notice will be posted publicly. Electronic filing is not “inaccessible” for purposes of extending filing deadlines under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 90 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 26 26(a)(3) absent a notice issued pursuant to this subsection or an order entered pursuant to Federal Circuit Rule 26(a)(1). (5) Court Order. Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 26(c) does not apply to deadlines set by court order. (b) Extending Time. (1) A motion to extend the time prescribed by the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, the Federal Circuit Rules, or an order of this court must be made at least seven (7) days before the date in extraordinary sought to be extended, except that circumstances a motion may be made later than that deadline if accompanied by an affidavit or unsworn declaration under penalty of perjury under 28 U.S.C. § 1746 that describes the extraordinary circumstances. (2) In addition to the requirements under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 27 and Federal Circuit Rule 27, the motion must state the following: (A) (B) (C) (D) the date to be extended; the revised date sought; the number of days of extension sought; and the total number of days of extension previously granted to the movant. (3) (4) A request for an extension of more than fourteen (14) days must be accompanied by an affidavit or unsworn declaration of counsel or an unrepresented party under penalty of perjury under 28 U.S.C. § 1746 showing good cause for the extension. At any time before the expiration of a filing deadline, the filer may notify the court that additional time is needed to resolve confidentiality issues, and the court will provide a one-time per document extension of five (5) days to file the document. The notice must include an affidavit or unsworn declaration of counsel or an unrepresented party under penalty of perjury under 28 U.S.C. § 1746 certifying that additional time is needed to resolve confidentiality issues. Any additional requests for extension to resolve confidentiality issues are by leave of court. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 91 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL CIRCUIT RULE 26 (c) Electronic Service of Documents. Three (3) additional days are not added to the time to file a responsive document, when the original document was served through the court’s electronic filing system. The court considers service through the court’s electronic filing system to be completed on the date and time reflected on the Notice of Docket Activity. PRACTICE NOTES TO RULE 26 Opposition to Extension. If a party opposes a motion for extension of time, that party should file its response promptly. The court will not necessarily wait for an opposition before ruling on a motion. Benefit of Timely Extension Request. Unless the court has previously ordered that there will be no further extensions, an appeal will not be dismissed for failure to file appellant’s brief if appellant’s motion to extend the time for filing was filed and served at least seven (7) days before the due date for the brief, but the motion has not been acted on by the due date. Extension During Settlement Negotiations. Parties jointly stipulating that they are actively pursuing settlement of the case will be granted a reasonable extension of time to accomplish settlement. Deadlines for Documents Submitted by Mail. Because of occasional delays with some mail transmitted by the United States Postal Service due to screening or other issues, if a document must be received by the court on a particular date, then a paper filer might consider using an alternative method of delivering the document to the court, such as a commercial carrier or hand- delivery. The court cannot waive the deadlines for filing a notice of appeal or petition for review, even if the document was deposited in the mail in a timely fashion. Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 92 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 26.1 Disclosure Statement* (a) Nongovernmental Corporations. Any nongovernmental corporation that is a party to a proceeding in a court of appeals must file a statement that identifies any parent corporation and any publicly held corporation that owns 10% or more of its stock or states that there is no such corporation. The same requirement applies to a nongovernmental corporation that seeks to intervene. (b) Organizational Victims in Criminal Cases. In a criminal case, unless the government shows good cause, it must file a statement that identifies any organizational victim of the alleged criminal activity. If the organizational victim is a corporation, the statement must also disclose the information required by Rule 26.1(a) to the extent it can be obtained through due diligence. (c) Bankruptcy Cases. In a bankruptcy case, the debtor, the trustee, or, if neither is a party, the appellant must file a statement that: (1) (2) identifies each debtor not named in the caption; and for each debtor that is a corporation, discloses the information required by Rule 26.1(a). (d) Time for Filing; Supplemental Filing. The Rule 26.1 statement must: (1) (2) be filed with the principal brief or upon filing a motion, response, petition, or answer in the court of appeals, whichever occurs first, unless a local rule requires earlier filing; be included before the table of contents in the principal brief; and *The Disclosure Statement requirements of Fed. R. App. P. 26.1 are incorporated into and supplanted by this court’s Certificate of Interest requirements in Fed. Cir. R. 47.4. See Fed. Cir. R. 26.1. The court does not require the Certificate of Interest or Disclosure Statement from unrepresented parties or the federal government except in limited circumstances. See Fed. Cir. R. 47.4(b). The court also does not require any paper copies of the Certificate of Interest by itself. See Fed. Cir. R. 25(c)(3). Federal Circuit Rules of Practice (December 1, 2025) Page 93 (Return to Table of Contents) FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 26.1 (3) be supplemented whenever the information required under