Methods of Proving Character

(a) BY REPUTATION OR OPINION. When evidence of a person’s char- acter or character trait is admissible, it may be proved by testi- mony about the person’s reputation or by testimony in the form of an opinion. On cross-examination of the character witness, the court may allow an inquiry into relevant specific instances of the person’s conduct. (b) BY SPECIFIC INSTANCES OF CONDUCT. When a person’s char- acter or character trait is an essential element of a charge, claim, or defense, the character or trait may also be proved by relevant specific instances of the person’s conduct. (As amended Mar. 2, 1987, eff. Oct. 1, 1987; Apr. 26, 2011, eff. Dec. 1, 2011.)