Meaning of Words in the Federal Rules of Civil Proce-

dure Unless they are inconsistent with the context, the following words and phrases in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure—when made applicable by these rules—have these meanings: (a) ‘‘Action’’ or ‘‘civil action’’ means an adversary proceeding or, when appropriate: Rule 9003 FEDERAL RULES OF BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURE 128 (1) a contested petition; (2) a proceeding to vacate an order for relief; or (3) a proceeding to determine any other contested matter. (b) ‘‘Appeal’’ means an appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 158. (c) ‘‘Clerk’’ or ‘‘clerk of the district court’’ means the officer re- sponsible for maintaining the district’s bankruptcy records. (d) ‘‘District court,’’ ‘‘trial court,’’ ‘‘court,’’ ‘‘district judge,’’ or ‘‘judge’’ means bankruptcy judge if the case or proceeding is pend- ing before a bankruptcy judge. (e) ‘‘Judgment’’ includes any appealable order. (As amended Mar. 30, 1987, eff. Aug. 1, 1987; Apr. 22, 1993, eff. Aug. 1, 1993; Apr. 2, 2024, eff. Dec. 1, 2024.)