Exportation of Arms, Munitions, or Military Equipment or Services Without

Required Validated Export License (a) Base Offense Level: (1) 26, except as provided in subdivision (2) below; (2) 14, if the offense involved only (A) non-fully automatic small arms (ri- fles, handguns, or shotguns), and the number of weapons did not ex- ceed two, (B) ammunition for non-fully automatic small arms, and the number of rounds did not exceed 500, or (C) both. Commentary Statutory Provisions: 18 U.S.C. § 554; 22 U.S.C. §§ 2778, 2780, 8512; 50 U.S.C. § 1705. Application Notes: 1. Under 22 U.S.C. § 2778, the President is authorized, through a licensing system administered by the Department of State, to control exports of defense articles and defense services that he deems critical to a security or foreign policy interest of the United States. The items subject to control constitute the United States Munitions List, which is set out in 22 C.F.R. Part 121.1. Included in this list are such things as military aircraft, helicopters, artillery, shells, missiles, rockets, bombs, vessels of war, explosives, military and space electronics, and certain firearms. The base offense level assumes that the offense conduct was harmful or had the potential to be harmful to a security or foreign policy interest of the United States. In the unusual case where the offense conduct posed no such risk, a downward departure may be warranted. In the case of a violation during time of war or armed conflict, an upward departure may be warranted. See Chapter Five, Part K (Departures). 2. In determining the sentence within the applicable guideline range, the court may consider the degree to which the violation threatened a security or foreign policy interest of the United States, the volume of commerce involved, the extent of planning or sophistication, and whether there were multiple occurrences. Where such factors are present in an extreme form, a departure from the guidelines may be warranted. Historical Note Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 1990 (amendment 337); November 1, 2001 (amendment 633); November 1, 2007 (amendment 700); November 1, 2011 (amendment 753).