Cross references. — As to exceptions in

justice of the peace courts, see § 1-21-1011. As to bill of exceptions in criminal proceeding, see §§ 7-12-101 through 7-12-104. As to exceptions deemed part of record in administrative pro- ceeding, see § 16-3-109. As to exceptions in criminal proceedings, see Rule 51, W.R. Cr. P. It is basic that an appeal must be from a ruling of the court, and the only exception to this rule is when such act constitutes a funda- mental error such as lack of jurisdiction. Joly v. Safeway Stores, 502 P.2d 362, 1972 Wyo. LEXIS 280 (Wyo. 1972). Objection and statement of grounds therefor required. — A party could not argue error based on the refusal of an exhibit in the absence of an objection and statement of the grounds therefor. Joly v. Safeway Stores, 502 P.2d 362, 1972 Wyo. LEXIS 280 (Wyo. 1972). Assertion of error will not be considered on appeal where it was not asserted as a basis for ground of objection at trial. Pure Gas & Chem. Co. v. Cook, 526 P.2d 986, 1974 Wyo. LEXIS 234 (Wyo. 1974). To improper argument of counsel. — It is firmly established that improper argument of counsel cannot be raised or urged for reversal in the absence of an objection. Joly v. Safeway Stores, 502 P.2d 362, 1972 Wyo. LEXIS 280 (Wyo. 1972). And to pretrial conference order. — The Supreme Court will not consider the complaint of a party seeking to raise a question regarding the filing and entry of a pretrial conference order in the absence of a request or objection. Joly v. Safeway Stores, 502 P.2d 362, 1972 Wyo. LEXIS 280 (Wyo. 1972). Rule not rigidly applied for specificity. — In a medical malpractice suit, counsel’s fail- ure to specifically cite the grounds for his ob- jection in order to impede the seating of alter- nate jurors without an additional peremptory challenge did not render the objection invalid since this rule does not apply in a formal, ritualistic fashion but evaluates the sufficiency of an objection for substance. Wardell v. Mc- Millan, 844 P.2d 1052, 1992 Wyo. LEXIS 206 (Wyo. 1992).