Citing Judicial Opinions in Filings

(a) An unreported opinion of this Court may be cited and relied upon when it is relevant under the doctrine of law of the case, res judicata or collateral estoppel. Parties may also cite an unreported panel decision of this Court issued after January 15, 2008, for its persuasive value, but not as binding precedent. (b) Except as provided in subsection (d) (relating to single-Judge opinions in election law matters), a single-Judge opinion of this Court, even if reported, shall be cited only for its persuasive value and not as a binding precedent. (c) A reported opinion of the Court en banc or panel may be cited as binding precedent. (d) A reported opinion of a single Judge filed after October 1, 2013, in an election law matter may be cited as binding precedent in an election law matter only. Source The provisions of this § 69.414 amended November 21, 2013, effective immediately, 43 Pa.B. 7074; amended July 16, 2015, 45 Pa.B. 3975; amended March 10, 2017, effective immediately, 47 Pa.B. 2101; amended January 17, 2020, effective immediately upon publication, 50 Pa.B. 657; amended March 1, 2023, effective immediately upon publication, 53 Pa.B. 1397; amended April 9, 2025, effective immediately upon publication, 55 Pa.B. 2984. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (413908). (b) Except as provided in subsection (d) (relating to single-Judge opinions in election law matters), a single-Judge opinion of this Court, even if reported, shall be cited only for its persuasive value and not as a binding precedent. (c) A reported opinion of the Court en banc or panel may be cited as binding precedent. (d) A reported opinion of a single Judge filed after October 1, 2013, in an election law matter may be cited as binding precedent in an election law matter only. Source The provisions of this § 69.414 amended November 21, 2013, effective immediately, 43 Pa.B. 7074; amended July 16, 2015, 45 Pa.B. 3975; amended March 10, 2017, effective immediately, 47 Pa.B. 2101; amended January 17, 2020, effective immediately upon publication, 50 Pa.B. 657; amended March 1, 2023, effective immediately upon publication, 53 Pa.B. 1397; amended April 9, 2025, effective immediately upon publication, 55 Pa.B. 2984. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (413908). (c) A reported opinion of the Court en banc or panel may be cited as binding precedent. (d) A reported opinion of a single Judge filed after October 1, 2013, in an election law matter may be cited as binding precedent in an election law matter only. Source The provisions of this § 69.414 amended November 21, 2013, effective immediately, 43 Pa.B. 7074; amended July 16, 2015, 45 Pa.B. 3975; amended March 10, 2017, effective immediately, 47 Pa.B. 2101; amended January 17, 2020, effective immediately upon publication, 50 Pa.B. 657; amended March 1, 2023, effective immediately upon publication, 53 Pa.B. 1397; amended April 9, 2025, effective immediately upon publication, 55 Pa.B. 2984. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (413908). (d) A reported opinion of a single Judge filed after October 1, 2013, in an election law matter may be cited as binding precedent in an election law matter only. Source The provisions of this § 69.414 amended November 21, 2013, effective immediately, 43 Pa.B. 7074; amended July 16, 2015, 45 Pa.B. 3975; amended March 10, 2017, effective immediately, 47 Pa.B. 2101; amended January 17, 2020, effective immediately upon publication, 50 Pa.B. 657; amended March 1, 2023, effective immediately upon publication, 53 Pa.B. 1397; amended April 9, 2025, effective immediately upon publication, 55 Pa.B. 2984. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (413908). Source The provisions of this § 69.414 amended November 21, 2013, effective immediately, 43 Pa.B. 7074; amended July 16, 2015, 45 Pa.B. 3975; amended March 10, 2017, effective immediately, 47 Pa.B. 2101; amended January 17, 2020, effective immediately upon publication, 50 Pa.B. 657; amended March 1, 2023, effective immediately upon publication, 53 Pa.B. 1397; amended April 9, 2025, effective immediately upon publication, 55 Pa.B. 2984. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (413908).