Applicability of the Rules

(a) TO COURTS AND JUDGES. These rules apply to proceedings be- fore: 29 FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE Rule 1103 • United States district courts; • United States bankruptcy and magistrate judges; • United States courts of appeals; • the United States Court of Federal Claims; and • the district courts of Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. (b) TO CASES AND PROCEEDINGS. These rules apply in: • civil cases and proceedings, including bankruptcy, admi- ralty, and maritime cases; • criminal cases and proceedings; and • contempt proceedings, except those in which the court may act summarily. (c) RULES ON PRIVILEGE. The rules on privilege apply to all stages of a case or proceeding. (d) EXCEPTIONS. These rules—except for those on privilege—do not apply to the following: (1) the court’s determination, under Rule 104(a), on a pre- liminary question of fact governing admissibility; (2) grand-jury proceedings; and (3) miscellaneous proceedings such as: • extradition or rendition; • issuing an arrest warrant, criminal summons, or search warrant; • a preliminary examination in a criminal case; • sentencing; • granting or revoking probation or supervised release; and • considering whether to release on bail or otherwise. (e) OTHER STATUTES AND RULES. A federal statute or a rule pre- scribed by the Supreme Court may provide for admitting or ex- cluding evidence independently from these rules. (As amended Pub. L. 94–149, § 1(14), Dec. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 806; Pub. L. 95–598, title II, §§ 251, 252, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2673, eff. Oct. 1, 1979; Pub. L. 97–164, title I, § 142, Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 45, eff. Oct. 1, 1982; Mar. 2, 1987, eff. Oct. 1, 1987; Apr. 25, 1988, eff. Nov. 1, 1988; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7075(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4405; Apr. 22, 1993, eff. Dec. 1, 1993; Apr. 26, 2011, eff. Dec. 1, 2011.)