Dougal C. & Diane N. MacDonald, Petitioner

DOUGAL C . AND DIANE N . MACDONAL , Petitioners v . COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Responden t Docket No . 12652-07L .

.F .led March 24, 2009 .

William E . Taggart, Jr . ,-for petiti ners .

Margaret A . Martin and Jeremy L . McPherson , for'respondent .

MEMORANDUM OPINI N

MARVEL, Judge : Petitioners petitioned this Court in response to respondent's Notice of Determination Concerning Collection Action(s) Under Section 63201 and/or 6330 for 199 8 'Unless otherwise indicated, all se tion references are to the Internal Revenue Code, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure .

SERVED MAR 2 4 2009

2 - through 2004 (notice of determination) and Decision Letter Concerning Equivalent Hearing Under Section 6320 and/or 6330 of the Internal Revenue Code for 1996 and 1997 (decision letter) .

This matter is before the Court on respondent's (1) motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction and to strike as to 1996 an d 1997 and (2) motion to dismiss on ground of mootness and t strike as to 1999 through 2004 .2 For : the reasons stated herein, .we shall grant respondent's motions .

Background Petitioners resided in California when their petition was filed .

The record establishes and the parties do not dispute the following . On August 30, 1999, respondent issued petitioners a Final Notice of Intent to Levy and Notice of Your Right to a Hearing for 1996 and 199 .7 . Petitioners did not request a hearing with respondent's Appeals Office . . Instead, on September 9, 1999, petitioners filed a bankruptcy petition under chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code . Respondent filed a proof of claim and in 2005 received distributions out of the bankruptcy estate which he applied . to petitioners' 1996 .through 1998 tax accounts .

Petitioners' bankruptcy case was closed in 2005 .

2ootness is itself a jurisdictional concept . -See Greene- Thapedi v . Commissioner , 126 T .C . 1, 6 n .9 (2006) ; Hefti V . Commissioner , 97 T .C . 180, 191 (1991), affd . 983 F . .2d 868 (8th Cir . . 1993) .

On June 17, 2006, respondent issue d petitioners a Final Notice of Intent to Levy and . Notice of Y o ur Right .to a Hearin g for 1998 through 2004 .3 On or about Jul y 17, 2006, petitioners submitted a Form 12153, Request for a Co lection Due Process Hearing, requesting a hearing with respo dent's Appeals Offic e with respect to 1996 through 2004 . In t e attachment to the Form 12153, petitioners asserted that-they h fully paid their 199 6 through 1998 Federal income tax liabilit y Petitioners als o proposed to make certain monthly payment until respondent and petitioners would reach an agreement as the amount . o f petitioners' unpaid tax liabilities, . and thereafter . petitioner s would pay the remaining balance within 90 days .' With the Form 12153, petitioners paid $40,000 and requested that respondent apply the payment to their most recent Federal income ta x liabilities . Respondent applied $38,336 .63 and $1,663 .37 t o petitioners' 2004 and 2003 Federal incom ~ tax liabilities , Son or about June 26, 2006, respond nt also issued petitioners a Final Notice Before Levy on Social Security .Benefits for 1996 and 1997 .

'In the Form 12153 petitioners characterize their proposal as an "Offer-In-Compromise based .on dou t as to liability" whereas in their petition petitioners c aracterize it as an "installment payment agreement based .on doubt as to collectibility and Effective Tax Administration" . The .type of collection alternative proposed does no affect our disposition of respondent's motions . Likewise, the amount of payment is hot relevant to our disposition of responde is motions .

respectively, and the payment . satisfied petitioners' 2004 Federal income tax liabilities in full .

The settlement officer assigned to the case conducted the hearing by telephone and correspondence . During the hearing petitioners asserted that respondent waived his claim to the interest that accrued after petitioners had filed their .

bankruptcy petition (postpetition interest) because respondent failed to file a proof of claim with respect to such interest in the bankruptcy proceeding . Accordingly, petitioners contended that their 1996 through 1998 Federal income tax liabilities had been fully paid . The settlement officer rejected the collection alternative as not processable because petitioners had not offered a specific monthly payment and . had relegated to themselves the decision as to the correct balance they owed .

On May 4, .2007, respondent's Appeals-Office issued I petitioners a notice . of determination . sustaining the levy with respect to their 1998 through 2004 Federal income tax liabilities .' Because the Appeals Office concluded that petitioners had not timely requested(cid:127)a hearing with respect t o 1996 and 1997, . it issued petitioners a .decision letter date d 5Respondent issued the notice of determination with respect to 1998 through 2004 even though petitioners had fully paid their 2004 Federal income tax liability on July 17, 2006 .

May 11, 2007, sustaining the levy with r spect to their unpai d Federal income tax liabilities for 1996 nd 1997 . In th e decision letter, . respondent's Appeals Of ice stated :

Your due process hearing request wal not filed within the time prescribed under Section 6 20 and/or 6330 . However, you received a hearing equivalent to a due process hearing except that there i no right to dispute a decision by the Appeals Office in court unde r IRC Sections 6320 and/or 6330 .

On June 4, 2,007, petitioners petiti ned this Cour t challenging the notice of determination nd the decision letter .

Petitioners contend that their request f r a hearing with th e Appeals Office was timely with respect t all years and that they did not receive a proper hearing under s ction 6330 . Petitioners assert that respondent erred in rejectin petitioners' proposed collection alternative and sustaining th levy withou t determining whether petitioners had unpa 'd Federal income tax liabilities . Petitioners request that w e redetermine thei r unpaid 1999 through 2004 Federal income tax liabilities and find that they have no unpaid 1996 through 1 9 98. Federal income ta x liabilities .

On August 22, 2007, petitioners pa ' d their 1999 through 200 3 Federal income tax liabilities in full .

Discussio n I .

Collection by Lev y Section 6331(a) provides that if a y person liable to pa y any tax neglects or refuses to pay such, tax within 10 days after notice and demand for payment,- the Secretary is authorized to collect such tax by levy upon the person's property . . Section 6330(a) provides that no levy may be .made on any property or right to property of any person unless the Secretary has''notifie d such person in writing of .the right to a hearing (section 6330 hearing) before the /levy is made .

The taxpayer must request ,a section 6330 hearing within th e 30-day period commencing on the day after the date of the notice of intent to levy . Sec . 6330(a)(3)(B) ; sec . 301 .6330-1(b)(1) ., Proced . . & Admin . Regs . If a taxpayer timely requests a section 6330 hearing, a hearing shall be held before an impartial officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals .

Sec . 6330(b)(1), (3) . After the section 6330 hearing the Appeals Office issues a notice of determination indicating whether the proposed levy action may proceed . Sec . 301 .6330-1(e)(3), Q&A-E⁸ , Proced . & Admin . Regs . Under section 6330(d)(1) the taxpayer may petition this Court to review the determination made by the .Appeals Office . See sec . 301 .6330-1( :f)(1), Proced . &-Admin .

Regs .

II .

Respondent's Motion To Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction .

A .

Equivalent Hearin g In response to the petition : respondent filed a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction and to strike as to 1996 and 1997 . . The Court held a hearing on respondent's motion at its that he has not issued a notice of deter ination for 1996 and 1997 that would give the Court jurisdiction under sectio n 6330(d)(1) .

This Court is a court of limited ju :isdiction, sec . 7442 , and accordingly, we may exercise jurisdi tion only to the exten t expressly authorized by Congress, Naftelly . Commissioner , 85 T .C .

527, 529 (1985) . Jurisdiction under sec~ion 6330(d)(1) depends on the issuance of a notice of determination by the Appeals Office . See Sarrell v . Commissioner , 117 T .C . 122, 125 (2001) ; Moorhous v . Commissioner , 116 T .C . 263, 69 (2001) ; Offiler v .

Commissioner , 114 T .C . 492, 498 (2000) ; ee also Rule 330(b) .

Generally, if a person requests a s ction 6330 hearing after the 30-day period for requesting that hearing, the taxpayer is not entitled to a section 6330 hearing but nevertheless may receive a so-called equivalent hearing . See Kennedy v .

Commissioner , 116 T .C . 255, 262 (2001) ; sec . 301 .6330-1(i)(1), Proced . & Admin . Regs . An equivalent hearing, held by the Appeals, Office, is generally conducted in the same manner as a section 6330 hearing . Sec . 301 .6330-1(')(1), Proced . & Admin .

Regs . After the equivalent hearing, the Appeals Office does not issue a ,notice of determination but instead issues a decision letter, which generally includes the same information as a notice of determination . Sec . 301 .6330-1(i)(2) , Q&A-14, Proced . & Admin . Regs . The .decision letter generally is not subject to judicial review under section 6330(d)(1)(cid:127)6 Rule 330 ; Severo v .

Commissioner , 129 T .C . 160, 163 (2007) ; Kennedy v . Commissioner , supra at 261-263 ; sec . 301 .6330-1(i)(2), Q&A-15, Proced . & Admin .

Regs .

Petitioners do not dispute that they did not timely request a section 6330 hearing . Accordingly, respondent properly held an equivalent hearing and issued a decision letter instead of a notice of determination . . See Kennedy v . Commissioner , supra at 262 . Consequently, we do not have jurisdiction to review respondent's determination in the decision letter .

In opposition to respondent' ..s motion,-petitioners assert that respondent failed to file a proof of claim in petitioners' bankruptcy proceeding thereby waiving his claim to postpetition interest . aPetitioners also contend that . respondent improperly applied payments from petitioners' bankruptcy estate to their tax accounts, which resulted .in an incorrect record of petitioners' 1996 and 1997 Federal income tax liabilities,' and that the Cour t 6Cf . Craig v . Commissioner , 119 T .C . 252 (2002) .

7Petitioners advance the same argument with respect to 1998 . They assert that .the Court has jurisdiction with respect to 199 6 through 1998 because "any decision,* * * with respect t o Petitioners' 1998 tax year will be res judicata with respect t o Petitioners' 1996 and 1997 tax years as the issues and partie s are identical ." collateral estoppel or .res judicata is not relevant to our consideration of whether we have jurisdiction to review a The possible application of the doctrines o f (continued .

. .)

- 9 '- has jurisdiction to consider whether such payments and credit s should have been applied to 1999 through 2004 .8 Petitioners ' contentions raise an issue relevant to the appropriateness of th e collection action .

See Swanson v . Commissioner , 121 T .C . 111, , 119 (200.3) . Although section 6330(c)(2) (A) provides that a taxpayer may raise challenges to the app :opriateness of the collection action in the section 6330'hearing, respondent held an equivalent hearing and not a section 6330 hearing with respect to 1996 and 1997 . Because respondent's Appeals Office properly issued a decision letter to petitioners, we do not have jurisdiction to review any issue raised during the equivalent hearing, including challenges to the appropriateness of the collection action . See Severn v . Commissioner, supra at 163 .

B . Jurisdiction Under Section 640 4 Petitioners argue that respondent's motion should be denied because section 6404(h)(1) provides a foundation for the Court's jurisdiction . that is independent of our jurisdiction-unde r section 6330(d)(1) . Petitioners allege that during the equivalent hearing they requested an abatement of postpetitio n '( .

. .continued) decision letter .

8Were it not for the fact that full payment renders this proceeding moot as to 1999 through 2004, it is arguable whether petitioners' claim regarding the reallo ation of payments and credits would be entertained . See FreiAe v . Commissioner , 125 T .C . 14, 24-30 (2005) .

1 0 interest⁹ under . section 6404 (e) (1) on the ground that respondent would have collected it if he had filed a proof . of claim in petitioners' bankruptcy proceeding .

Section 6404(e) authorizes . the Secretary to abate interest assessments attributable to unreasonable errors or delays by the Internal Revenue Service . Section 301 .6404-1(c), Proced . & Admin . Regs ., provides that a taxpayer shall request abatement on a Form 843, Claim for Refund and Request for Abatement .' ° Section 6404(h)(1) generally gives the Court jurisdiction to review the Commissioner's denial of the taxpayer's request for abatement of interest if the taxpayer files a petition with the Court within 180 days after the Secretary mails a fina l determination not to abate interest . The Commissioner's final determination letter "is a prerequisite to the Court's jurisdiction and serves as a . taxpayer's `ticket' to the Tax Court` ."

Bourekis v . Commissioner , 110 T .C . 20, 26 (1998) ; see also Rule 280(b) . Petitioners do not dispute that respondent has not issued a final determination not to abate interest .

Accordingly, the Court lacks jurisdiction to review respondent's alleged failure to abate interest under section 6404(e) .

9Petitioners contend that for 1996 and 1997 only postpetition interest is at issue .

'°This regulation predates-the enactment of sec . 6404(e) and has not .yet been amended to reflect that interest may be abated with respect to income tax if the requirements of sec . 6404(e) are met .

We have previously held that we may review an Appeal s .officer's determination regarding interest abatement if a taxpayer requests an abatement of intere t in .a section 6330 hearing, Katz v . Commissioner , 115 T .C .

329, 340-341 (2000), but we-will not consider a taxpayer's underl ring liability if it was not properly raised-at the section 6330 earing or considered in the notice of determination, see Giamell' v . Commissioner , 12 9 T .C . 10.7 (2007) ; Magana v . Commissioner , 118 T .C . 488, 493-49 4 (2002) . The parties disagree whether petitioners raised a section 6404(e)(1) argument during the e uivalent hearing .

Respondent contends that petitioners onl argued that responden t had waived postpetition interest by fail 'ng to submit a proof of claim in petitioners' bankruptcy . proceed ing . Petitioners', counsel asserts that he raised interest abatement under section 6404(e)(1) when the .settlement officer d isagreed wit h petitioners' waiver argument .

Nothing in the decision letter or p etition suggests that during the equivalent hearing petitioner s raised a section 6404(e)(1) issue . Even if petitioners' position regarding a waiver during the equivalent hearing cou ld be interpreted as a n interest abatement request, see, e .g ., Urbana v . Commissioner , 122 T .C . 384, 391 (2004) (construing the taxpayers' argument tha t they were not liable for disputed interest as an interest abatement request) ; Katz v . Co mm issione , supra at 340-341 12 - (viewing the taxpayer's argument that interest should not, have accrued during his bankruptcy case as an interest abatement request), we do not need to decide whether petitioners' argument was sufficient to preserve the issue for our review, see Magana v . Commissioner , supra at 493-494 . Our jurisdiction to review denials of interest abatement requests made during a section 6330 hearing is confined to cases in which we have section 6330(d) (1) jurisdiction, see Katz v . Commissioner , supra at 340-341, which we do not have in this case . " C .

Conclusio n .On the basis of the foregoing, we shall grant respondent's motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction and to strike with respect to 1996 and 1997 .

III . Respondent's Motion To Dismiss on the Ground of Mootness After petitioners paid in full their 1999 through 2003 Federal income tax liabilities, respondent filed a motion to dismiss on the ground of mootness and to strike as to 1999 through 200412 because he no longer intended to proceed with th e "We have held that our jurisdiction under sec . 6330(d) to redetermine interest extends beyond that conferred by sec . 6404(h) to grant an interest abatement . 122 T . .C . 384,_ 392-393 (2004) . However, because petitioners' claim does not relate to years covered by the notice of determination and does qualify as a "stand-alone" claim for interest . abatement, . neither source of jurisdiction is available .

Urbano v . Commissioner , 12On July 17, 2006, petitioners paid their 2004 Federal income tax liabilities .

S proposed levy . Petitioners agree that .t e payment of their 199 9 through 2004 Federal income tax liabilities rendered moot al l issues relating to, respondent's proposed levy .

However , petitioners assert that issues other tha h respondent's proposed collection action remain in dispute., suc as their . contention s regarding misapplication of payments .- P titioners argue that the Court has jurisdiction until it resolves all issues.

Our jurisdiction under section 633 0 (d)(1) is generally limited to reviewing whether a proposed collection action is proper .

Greene-Thapedi v . Commissioner , 126 T .C . 1, 7 (2006) .

Once the Commissioner concedes that they e is no unpaid liability for the disputed year upon which a lien or levy could be based , the case is moot .

Id . at 7 ; Gerakios v .l Commissioner , T .C . Memo .

2004-203 ; Chocallo v . Commissioner , T .C . Memo . 2004-152 . In Greene-Thapedi v . Commissioner , supra a 8-13, we held that in a section 6330 proceeding when a tax liablity for a particular year has been fully paid, we lack juris fiction to determine an overpayment or to order a refund or creit for that year .

Respondent states that he no longer intends to proceed with the levy for 1999 through 200 .4 as petitioners do not have an y unpaid 1999 through 2004 Federal income tax liabilities .

shall grant respondent's motion and dismiss this case wit h respect to 1999 through 2004 , and all a legations in the petitio n pertaining to . these years shall be deemed stricken from the - 1 4 petition .13 We do not have jurisdiction to determine petitioners' 1999 through 2004 Federal income tax liabilities o r to-consider whether or how respondent should .have applied to those years-any payments . -See id .

We have considered all ; arguments raised by either party, and to the extent not discussed, we find them to be irrelevant, moot , or without merit . .

To reflect the, foregoing,..

An appropriate order grantin g respondent's motions will b e issued .

"We have jurisdiction with respect to 1998 . Whether any fact or issue with respect to 1996, 1997, and 1999 through 2004, is relevant to 1998, within the meaning of sec . 6330(c)(2), is a separate question that does not affect our consideration of respondent's motion . See Freile v . Commissioner , 125 T .C . at 25 .