Carl W. Tobias

Publications

• Appoint Judge Ana de Alba to the Ninth Circuit
  58 U. RICH. L. REV. (2024) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2024
• Filling the Red State Federal Judicial Vacancies
  12 TEX. A & M L. REV. (2024) · Texas A&M Law Review · 2024
• Cheers For Fourth Circuit Chief Judge Roger Gregory
  84 MD. L. REV. ONLINE (2024) · Maryland Law Review Online · 2024
• Selecting Lower Court Judges in the Senate Lame Duck Session
  28 RICH. PUB. INT. L. REV. (2024) · Richmond Public Interest Law Review · 2024
• Biden, Bennet, and Bipartisan Federal Judicial Selection
  94 U. COLO. L. REV. F. (2023) · University of Colorado Law Review Forum · 2023
• Confirm Julie Rikelman for the First Circuit
  58 U. RICH. L. REV. 1 (2023) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2023
• Confirm Rachel Bloomekatz to the Sixth Circuit
  58 U. RICH. L. REV. 9 (2023) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2023
• Confirm Judge Irma Carrillo Ramirez to the Fifth Circuit
  76 SMU L. REV. F. 150 (2023) · SMU Law Review Forum · 2023
• How President Biden Can Fill the Central District of California Bench
  56 U. RICH. L. REV. 113 (2022) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2022
• Appoint Candace Jackson-Akiwumi to the Seventh Circuit
  56 U. RICH. L. REV. 107 (2022) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2022
• How Biden Could Keep Filling the Federal Circuit Court Vacancies
  80 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE (2022) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2022
• How Biden Began Building Back Better the Federal Bench
  78 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE 31 (2021) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2021
• Filling the Illinois Federal District Court Vacancies
  47 PEPP. L. REV. 115 (2020) · Pepperdine Law Review · 2020
• Filling The California Federal District Court Vacancies
  11 CALIF. L. REV. ONLINE 68 (2020) · California Law Review Online · 2020

• Filling the New York Federal District Court Vacancies
  76 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE (2019) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2019
• Marriage Equality Comes to the Fourth Circuit
  75 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 2005 (2019) · Washington and Lee Law Review · 2019
• Filling the Ninth Circuit Vacancies
  27 WM. & MARY BILL RTS. J. 1113 (2019) · William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal · 2019
• President Donald Trump and Federal Bench Diversity
  74 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE 400 (2018) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2018
• Nominate Judge Koh to the Ninth Circuit Again
  74 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE 64 (2017) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2017
• Recalibrating Judicial Renominations in the Trump Administration
  74 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE 9 (2017) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2017
• Combating the Ninth Circuit Judicial Vacancy Crisis
  73 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE 687 (2017) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2017
• Confirming Supreme Court Justices in a Presidential Election Year
  94 WASH. U. L. REV. 1089 (2017) · Washington University Law Review · 2017
• Confirm Myra Selby for the Seventh Circuit
  92 IND. L.J. (2017) · Indiana Law Journal · 2017
• Transforming the "Thurmond Rule" in 2016
  66 EMORY L.J. ONLINE 2001 (2016) · Emory Law Journal Online · 2016
• Fixing the Federal Judicial Selection Process
  65 EMORY L.J. ONLINE 2051 (2016) · Emory Law Journal Online · 2016
• Filling Federal Court Vacancies in a Presidential Election Year
  50 U. RICH. L. REV. 35 (2016) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2016
• Filling Federal Court Vacancies in a Presidential Election Year
  50 U. RICH. L. REV. 1233 (2016) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2016
• Confirm Judge Koh for the Ninth Circuit
  73 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE 449 (2016) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2016
• Electing Justice Roush to the Supreme Court of Virginia
  72 WASH. & LEE L. REV. ONLINE 360 (2016) · Washington and Lee Law Review Online · 2016
• Implementing Marriage Equality in America
  65 DUKE L.J. 25 (2015) · Duke Law Journal · 2015
• Marriage Equality Comes to Virginia
  49 U. RICH. L. REV. 1193 (2015) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2015
• Certiorari and the Marriage Equality Cases
  48 U. MICH. J. L. REFORM CAVEAT 28 (2015) · University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Caveat · 2015
• Filling the D.C. Circuit Vacancies
  91 IND. L.J. (2015) · Indiana Law Journal · 2015
• Judicial Selection in Congress’ Lame Duck Session
  90 IND. L.J. (2015) · Indiana Law Journal · 2015
• Senate Gridlock and Federal Judicial Selection
  88 NOTRE DAME L. REV. 2233 (2013) · Notre Dame Law Review · 2013
• Tips for Capturing 2014 Federal Court Clerkships
  66 VAND. L. REV. 145 (2013) · Vanderbilt Law Review · 2013
• Tips for Capturing 2014 Federal Court Clerkships
  66 VAND. L. REV. EN BANC (2013) · Vanderbilt Law Review En Banc · 2013
• Salvaging the 2013 Federal Law Clerk Hiring Season
  91 WASH. U. L. REV. 243 (2013) · Washington University Law Review · 2013
• Justifying Diversity in the Federal Judiciary
  106 NW. U. L. REV. 283 (2012) · Northwestern University Law Review · 2012
• Filling the Judicial Vacancies in a Presidential Election Year
  46 U. RICH. L. REV. 985 (2012) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2012
• Saluting Judge Philip Pro's Quarter Century of Nevada District Service
  12 NV. L.J. FORUM 511 (2012) · Nevada Law Journal · 2012
• Considering Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, and Bisexual Nominees for the Federal Courts
  90 WASH. U. L. REV. 577 (2012) · Washington University Law Review · 2012
• Considering Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, and Bisexual Nominees for the Federal Courts
  Washington University Law Review Commentaries · 2012
• Filling the Fourth Circuit Vacancies
  89 N. C. L. REV. 2161 (2011) · North Carolina Law Review · 2011
• Improving Federal Judicial Selection
  44 U. RICH. L. REV. 1173 (2010) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2010
• Fourth Circuit Judicial Appointments
  61 S. C. L. REV. (2010) · South Carolina Law Review · 2010
• Diversity and the Federal Bench
  87 WASH. U. L. REV. 1197 (2010) · Washington University Law Review · 2010
• Diversity and the Federal Bench
  Washington University Law Review Commentaries · 2010

• Unmasking Judicial Extremism
  43 U. RICH. L. REV. 1175 (2009) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2009
• FDA Regulatory Compliance Reconsidered
  93 CORNELL L. REV. 1003 (2008) · Cornell Law Review · 2008
• Dear President Bush: Leaving a Legacy on the Federal Bench
  42 U. RICH. L. REV. 1041 (2008) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2008
• Reconsidering Virginia Judicial Selection
  43 U. RICH. L. REV. 37 (2008) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2008
• The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell by Mark Kurlansky
  47 NAT. RESOURCES J. 500 (2007) · Natural Resources Journal · 2007
• The Process Due Indefinitely Detained Citizens
  85 N. C. L. REV. 1687 (2007) · North Carolina Law Review · 2007
• Reassessing Charitable Immunity in Virginia
  41 U. RICH. L. REV. 9 (2006) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2006
• Book Review- Turning the Tide: Saving the Chesapeake Bay
  40 U. RICH. L. REV. 1155 (2006) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2006
• Appellate Court Appointments in the Second Bush Administration
  39 U. RICH. L. REV. (2005) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2005
• The Federal Appellate Court Appointments Conundrum
  2005 UTAH L. REV. (2005) · Utah Law Review · 2005
• Fourth Circuit Publication Practices
  62 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 1733 (2005) · Washington and Lee Law Review · 2005
• Health Courts: Panacea or Palliative?
  40 U. RICH. L. REV. 49 (2005) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2005
• Rule 11 and Rule Revision
  37 LOY. L. A. L. REV. 573 (2004) · Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review · 2004
• Brown and the Desegregation of Virginia Law Schools
  39 U. RICH. L. REV. 39 (2004) · University of Richmond Law Review · 2004
• The Past and Future of the Federal Rules in State Courts
  3 NV. L.J. FORUM 400 (2003) · Nevada Law Journal · 2003
• Procedural Provisions in Nevada Medical Malpractice Reform
  3 NV. L.J. FORUM 406 (2003) · Nevada Law Journal · 2003
• Justice Byron White and the Importance of Process
  30 UC L. CONST. Q. 297 (2003) · UC Law Constitutional Quarterly · 2003
• Dear President Bush
  67 MO. L. REV. (2002) · Missouri Law Review · 2002
• Local Federal Civil Procedure for the Twenty-First Century
  77 NOTRE DAME L. REV. 533 (2002) · Notre Dame Law Review · 2002
• Note on the Neutral Assignment of Federal Appellate Judges
  39 SAN DIEGO L. REV. (2002) · San Diego Law Review · 2002
• Judge Procter Hug, Jr. and the Exercise of Good Judgment
  3 NV. L.J. FORUM 29 (2002) · Nevada Law Journal · 2002
• Modern Tort Law Demystified
  3 NV. L.J. FORUM 188 (2002) · Nevada Law Journal · 2002
• Tribute Foreword
  3 NV. L.J. FORUM 1 (2002) · Nevada Law Journal · 2002
• Intential Infliction of Mental Distress in Nevada
  2 NV. L.J. FORUM 59 (2002) · Nevada Law Journal · 2002
• Youngstown Revisited
  29 UC L. CONST. Q. 373 (2002) · UC Law Constitutional Quarterly · 2002
• Federal Judicial Selection in the Fourth Circuit
  80 N. C. L. REV. 2001 (2002) · North Carolina Law Review · 2002
• The Expiration of the Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990
  59 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 541 (2002) · Washington and Lee Law Review · 2002
• A Modest Reform for Federal Procedural Rulemaking
  64 LAW & CONTEMP. PROBS. 283 (2001) · Law and Contemporary Problems · 2001
• The 2000 Federal Civil Rules Revisions
  38 SAN DIEGO L. REV. (2001) · San Diego Law Review · 2001
• Judicial Selection at the Clinton Administration's End
  19 MINN. J. L. & INEQ. 159 (2001) · Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality · 2001
• The Bush Administration and Appeals Court Nominees
  10 WM. & MARY BILL RTS. J. 103 (2001) · William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal · 2001
• Charles Alan Wright and the Fragmentation of Federal Practice and Procedure
  19 YALE L. & POL'Y REV. 463 (2001) · Yale Law & Policy Review · 2001
• Congress and the 2000 Federal Civil Rules Amendments
  22 CARDOZO L. REV. 75 (2000) · Cardozo Law Review · 2000
• Reply Essay: Civil Justice Delay and Empirical Data: A Response to Professor Heise
  51 CASE W. RES. L. REV. 235 (2000) · Case Western Reserve Law Review · 2000
• The White Commission and the Federal Circuit
  10 CORNELL J. L. & PUB. POL'Y 45 (2000) · Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy · 2000
• Rethinking Intervention in Environmental Litigation
  78 WASH. U. L. REV. 313 (2000) · Washington University Law Review · 2000
• A Preferable Approach for the Ninth Circuit
  88 CAL. L. REV. 1657 (2000) · California Law Review · 2000

• Leaving a Legacy on the Federal Courts
  53 U. MIAMI L. REV. 315 (1999) · University of Miami Law Review · 1999
• <i>Fin-de-Siècle</i> Federal Civil Procedure
  51 FLA. L. REV. 641 (1999) · Florida Law Review · 1999
• The Imminent Demise of Interspousal Tort Immunity
  60 MONT. L. REV. (1999) · Montana Law Review · 1999
• A Federal Appellate System for the Twenty-First Century
  74 WASH. L. REV. 275 (1999) · Washington Law Review · 1999
• Fostering Balance on the Federal Courts
  47 AM. U. L. REV. (1998) · American University Law Review · 1998
• Did the Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990 Actually Expire?
  31 U. MICH. J. L. REFORM 887 (1998) · University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform · 1998
• Nearing the End of Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  59 MONT. L. REV. (1998) · Montana Law Review · 1998
• The Judicial Vacancy Conundrum in the Ninth Circuit
  63 BROOK. L. REV. 1283 (1997) · Brooklyn Law Review · 1997
• Some Cautions About Structural Overhaul of the Federal Courts
  51 U. MIAMI L. REV. 389 (1997) · University of Miami Law Review · 1997
• Why Congress Should Not Split the Ninth Circuit
  50 SMU L. REV. 583 (1997) · SMU Law Review · 1997
• Suggestions for Studying the Federal Appellate System
  49 FLA. L. REV. 189 (1997) · Florida Law Review · 1997
• Some Realism About Federal Procedural Reform
  49 FLA. L. REV. 49 (1997) · Florida Law Review · 1997
• Choosing Federal Judges in the Second Clinton Administration
  24 UC L. CONST. Q. 741 (1997) · UC Law Constitutional Quarterly · 1997
• Contemplating the End of Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  58 MONT. L. REV. (1997) · Montana Law Review · 1997
• New Certiorari and a National Study of the Appeals Courts
  81 CORNELL L. REV. 1264 (1996) · Cornell Law Review · 1996
• An Analysis of Federal Appellate Court Study Commissions
  74 DENV. L. REV. 65 (1996) · Denver Law Review · 1996
• A Sixth Circuit Story
  23 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 983 (1996) · Florida State University Law Review · 1996
• President Clinton and the Federal Judiciary
  24 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 121 (1996) · Florida State University Law Review · 1996
• Filling the Federal Courts in an Election Year
  49 SMU L. REV. 309 (1996) · SMU Law Review · 1996
• Ongoing Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  57 MONT. L. REV. (1996) · Montana Law Review · 1996
• Continuing Federal Justice Reform in Montana
  57 MONT. L. REV. (1996) · Montana Law Review · 1996
• Intentional Infliction of Mental Distress in Montana
  57 MONT. L. REV. (1996) · Montana Law Review · 1996
• State of the Art in Montana Products Liability Law
  57 MONT. L. REV. (1996) · Montana Law Review · 1996
• Foreword: The Proposal to Split the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
  57 MONT. L. REV. (1996) · Montana Law Review · 1996
• Warren Burger and the Administration of Justice
  41 VILL. L. REV. 505 (1996) · Villanova Law Review (1956 - ) · 1996
• Public School Desegregation in Virginia During the Post-Brown Decade
  37 WM. & MARY L. REV. 1261 (1996) · William & Mary Law Review · 1996
• Manuscript Selection Anti-Manifesto
  80 CORNELL L. REV. 529 (1995) · Cornell Law Review · 1995
• Northern Rockies Report on 1994 Natural Resources Legislation
  35 NAT. RESOURCES J. 185 (1995) · Natural Resources Journal · 1995
• A Salute to Judge William W. Schwarzer
  46 UC L.J. 675 (1995) · UC Law Journal · 1995
• Studying Montana State Civil Justice Reform
  56 MONT. L. REV. (1995) · Montana Law Review · 1995
• Re-Evaluating Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  56 MONT. L. REV. (1995) · Montana Law Review · 1995
• An Update on the 1993 Federal Rules Amendments and the Montana Civil Rules
  56 MONT. L. REV. (1995) · Montana Law Review · 1995
• Refining Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  56 MONT. L. REV. (1995) · Montana Law Review · 1995
• Suggestions for Circuit Court Review of Local Procedures
  52 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 359 (1995) · Washington and Lee Law Review · 1995
• Common Sense and Other Legal Reforms
  48 VAND. L. REV. 699 (1995) · Vanderbilt Law Review · 1995
• Keeping the Covenant on the Federal Courts
  47 SMU L. REV. 1861 (1994) · SMU Law Review · 1994
• The Transmittal Letter Translated
  46 FLA. L. REV. 127 (1994) · Florida Law Review · 1994
• The 1993 Federal Rules Amendments and the Montana Civil Rules
  55 MONT. L. REV. (1994) · Montana Law Review · 1994
• Evaluating Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  55 MONT. L. REV. (1994) · Montana Law Review · 1994
• Recent Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  55 MONT. L. REV. (1994) · Montana Law Review · 1994
• The 1993 Revision of Federal Rule 11
  70 IND. L.J. (1994) · Indiana Law Journal · 1994
• Executive Branch Civil Justice Reform
  42 AM. U. L. REV. (1993) · American University Law Review · 1993
• Executive Branch Civil Justice Reform
  42 AM. U. L. REV. (1993) · American University Law Review · 1993
• Silver Linings in Federal Civil Justice Reform
  59 BROOK. L. REV. 857 (1993) · Brooklyn Law Review · 1993
• President Clinton's Covenant and the Federal Courts
  71 DENV. L. REV. 253 (1993) · Denver Law Review · 1993
• The D.C. Circuit as a National Court
  48 U. MIAMI L. REV. 159 (1993) · University of Miami Law Review · 1993
• Untenable, Unchristian, and Unconstitutional
  58 MO. L. REV. (1993) · Missouri Law Review · 1993
• Civil Justice Reform in the Western District of Missouri
  58 MO. L. REV. (1993) · Missouri Law Review · 1993
• Updating Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  54 MONT. L. REV. (1993) · Montana Law Review · 1993
• The Gender Gap on the Montana State Bench
  54 MONT. L. REV. (1993) · Montana Law Review · 1993
• More on Federal Civil Justice Reform in Montana
  54 MONT. L. REV. (1993) · Montana Law Review · 1993
• The Case for a Feminist Torts Casebook
  38 VILL. L. REV. 1517 (1993) · Villanova Law Review (1956 - ) · 1993
• Civil Justice Reform In The Fourth Circuit
  50 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 89 (1993) · Washington and Lee Law Review · 1993
• Correspondence
  10 CONST. COMMENT. 283 (1993) · Constitutional Commentary · 1993
• Fact, Fiction, and Forest Service Appeals
  32 NAT. RESOURCES J. 649 (1992) · Natural Resources Journal · 1992
• Reconsidering Rule 11
  46 U. MIAMI L. REV. 855 (1992) · University of Miami Law Review · 1992
• Civil Justice Planning in the Montana Federal District
  53 MONT. L. REV. (1992) · Montana Law Review · 1992
• The Montana Federal Civil Justice Plan
  53 MONT. L. REV. (1992) · Montana Law Review · 1992
• Should Montana Adopt a Civil Justice Reform Act?
  53 MONT. L. REV. (1992) · Montana Law Review · 1992
• The Transformation Of Trans-Substantivity
  49 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 1501 (1992) · Washington and Lee Law Review · 1992
• Environmental Litigation and Rule 11
  33 WM. & MARY L. REV. 429 (1992) · William & Mary Law Review · 1992
• Civil Rights Procedural Problems
  70 WASH. U. L. REV. 801 (1992) · Washington University Law Review · 1992
• Montana Fight Over Women's Rights
  3 HASTINGS WOMEN'S L.J. 263 (1992) · UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice · 1992
• Rehnquist or Rorty?
  20 HOFSTRA L. REV. (1991) · Hofstra Law Review · 1991
• More Women Named Federal Judges
  43 FLA. L. REV. 477 (1991) · Florida Law Review · 1991
• Recent Work of the Civil Rules Committee
  52 MONT. L. REV. (1991) · Montana Law Review · 1991
• Federal Court Procedural Reform in Montana
  52 MONT. L. REV. (1991) · Montana Law Review · 1991
• Rule 11 Recalibrated in Civil Rights Cases
  36 VILL. L. REV. 105 (1991) · Villanova Law Review (1956 - ) · 1991
• The Gender Gap on the Federal Bench
  19 HOFSTRA L. REV. (1990) · Hofstra Law Review · 1990
• Engendering Law Faculties
  44 U. MIAMI L. REV. 1143 (1990) · University of Miami Law Review · 1990

• Public Law Litigation and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
  74 CORNELL L. REV. 270 (1989) · Cornell Law Review · 1989
• Revitalizing the Consumer Product Safety Commission
  50 MONT. L. REV. (1989) · Montana Law Review · 1989
• Rule 11 and Civil Rights Litigation
  37 BUFF. L. REV. 485 (1988) · Buffalo Law Review · 1988
• A Salute to the National Seashore System at Half-Century
  28 NAT. RESOURCES J. 227 (1988) · Natural Resources Journal · 1988
• Rule 19 and the Public Rights Exception to Party Joinder
  65 N. C. L. REV. 745 (1987) · North Carolina Law Review · 1987
• Early Alternative Dispute Resolution In A Federal Administrative Agency Context: Experimentation With The Offeror Process At The Consumer Product Safety Commission
  44 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 409 (1987) · Washington and Lee Law Review · 1987
• Interspousal Tort Immunity in Montana
  47 MONT. L. REV. (1986) · Montana Law Review · 1986
• Great Expectations and Mismatched Compensation: Government Sponsored Public Participation in Proceedings of the Consumer Product Safety Commission
  64 WASH. U. L. REV. 1101 (1986) · Washington University Law Review · 1986
• Of Public Funds and Public Participation: Resolving the Issue of Agency Authority to Reimburse Public Participants in Administrative Proceedings
  82 COLUM. L. REV. 906 (1982) · Columbia Law Review · 1982
• Of Crabbed Interpretations and Frustrated Mandates: The Effect of the Environmental Policy Acts on Pre-Existing Agency Authority
  41 MONT. L. REV. (1980) · Montana Law Review · 1980

• A Framework for Analysis of Products Liability in Montana
  38 MONT. L. REV. (1977) · Montana Law Review · 1977