DOL OFLC, FY 2015 Report

OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION

Annual Report EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR “We help U.S. employers fill jobs while protecting U.S. and foreign workers” –Office of Foreign Labor Certification’s Mission Statement Table of Contents FOREWORD FROM THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY INTRODUCTION SUMMARY OF ALL OFLC PROGRAMS FY 2012 - 2015 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS Prevailing Wage Process – Overview Top 10 States for Prevailing Wage Determinations Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wage Determinations Top Occupations and Employers for Prevailing Wages PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION Atlanta National Processing Center Summary of the Permanent Labor Certification Program Permanent Labor Certifications by Top Five NAICS Industry Codes Occupations with More Than 1,000 Certifications Top Five Occupations for Top Five Countries Permanent Labor Certification By State and U.S. Territory States with Most Certifications Countries with over 1,000 Certifications Twenty Five Employers with the Highest Number of Certifications Education in the Permanent Labor Certification Program TEMPORARY PROGRAMS Chicago National Processing Center Ombudsman Program Summary of Temporary Labor Certification Programs H-1B Temporary Specialty Worker Program- Overview Top Three H-1B Occupations Top 10 Employers for H-1B and the Top Occupations and Work States States with More Than 5,000 Certified H-1B LCAs E-3 Australian Temporary Specialty Worker Program H-1B1 Temporary Specialty Worker Program Education in H-1B - Overview H-2A Temporary Labor Certification for Agricultural Workers States with More Than 2,000 H-2A Certifications Top 10 Employers with Most H-2A Certified Workers H-2B Temporary Labor Certification for Non-Agricultural Workers Employers with the Most H-2B Certifications States with More than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions Top 10 H-2B Occupations APPENDICES Appendix A State Employment-Based Immigration Profiles Appendix B Agricultural Certification Statistics Appendix C Top Five Employment-Based Permanent Immigration Country Profiles 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 18 19 20 22 23 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 37 39 42 43 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 107 113 OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Foreword from the Assistant Secretary Communities throughout the country are both realizing the benefits and facing the demands of the global economy. One of the constant challenges is identifying, educating, or attracting human talent, which is perhaps the most important element in remaining competitive. Big cities and small towns alike are looking for hard-working, talented individuals who will make their respective regions home. When able, willing, and qualified U.S. workers are not available locally, employers begin looking abroad.

The Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC), which is located within Employment and Training Administration (ETA) at the Department of Labor (Department), has been delegated the responsibility outlined in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) for the Secretary of Labor to protect U.S. workers against adverse impact on their wages or working conditions by ensuring U.S. employer compliance with statutory requirements when they hire foreign workers to fill workforce shortages. The Department’s focus in these immigrant and nonimmigrant employment-based programs is to ensure the integrity of the process in order to protect U.S. workers and their ability to access jobs. Portia Wu The INA sets the framework for the Secretary of Labor to follow in adjudicating employer labor certification and labor condition applications used in the D-1, E-3, H-1B, H-1B1, H-2A, H-2B and Permanent Labor Certification programs. The Secretary has delegated this responsibility to ETA.

ETA, in coordination with the Department’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, the Office of the Solicitor, and the Wage and Hour Division, which oversees the INA’s corresponding enforcement provisions, develops the policies and procedures in the foreign labor certification programs that are then implemented by OFLC. This report provides a glimpse at the Department’s role in supporting the dynamic U.S. economy through OFLC. This report presents employment-based foreign labor certification program data drawn from applications submitted to and adjudicated by the Department from employers who sought labor certifications in fiscal year 2015. An approved labor certification or labor condition application is often the first step in the process for many of the employment-based visa programs, both temporary and permanent, that enable employers to hire foreign workers where workforce needs cannot be fulfilled through the U.S. workforce.

In FY 2015, OFLC processed 711,820 employer applications for 1,580,778 positions for temporary and permanent labor certifications. This represents almost a 20 percent increase in the overall number of processed applications from the previous year and a 23 percent increase in job opportunities. Information found in this report can be utilized by employers, educators, and the public workforce system to learn about occupations and careers for which employers are seeking foreign talent. ETA remains committed to fulfilling the Department’s statutory mandate by protecting U.S. workers, while at the same time helping employers access needed talent.

Portia Wu Assistant Secretary Employment and Training Administration 1 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Introduction The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) permits foreign workers to come to the United States to work on either a temporary or permanent basis. The Secretary of Labor (Secretary) plays a crucial role in the administration of certain employment-based visa programs in the INA. In recent years, employment-based immigration has represented approximately 16 percent of our Nation’s total documented permanent immigration and about 5 percent of the nonimmigrant entries. Many of the employment-based nonimmigrant visa categories, as well as two of the employment-based immigrant visa preferences, require a labor certification, labor condition application, or attestation to be filed and approved by the Department of Labor (Department) before an employer may petition the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for approval under a designated visa program and the would-be employee may then apply to the Department of State (DOS) for a visa.

The Secretary has two fundamental responsibilities outlined in the INA for virtually all of the nonimmigrant and immigrant visa programs administered by the Department. First, he must determine if there are any available, able, willing, and qualified U.S. workers in the area of intended employment. This is accomplished through a test of the labor market. Second, he must ensure that the admission of a foreign worker in the requested position will not have an adverse effect on the wages and working conditions of similarly employed U.S. workers.

The Secretary has delegated labor certification authority to the Employment and Training Administration’s Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC). OFLC receives and adjudicates applications from employers seeking to hire and bring foreign workers as immigrants to the U.S. in permanent positions in visa preference categories that require labor certifications. OFLC also adjudicates applications in temporary nonimmigrant employment-based visa categories of H-1B, H-1B1 (Chile/Singapore), and E-3 (Australia) for professional and specialty occupations, H-2A for seasonal agricultural workers, H-2B for nonagricultural temporary workers, and D-1 for foreign longshore workers. Employers must comply with all applicable laws and regulations relevant to the particular employment-based visa program under which they are applying.

In most of the Department’s employment-based programs, employers must demonstrate that they have made efforts to recruit U.S. workers for the positions for which they are seeking foreign workers and guarantee that they will at least pay the required prevailing wage for the occupation in the area of intended employment. Receiving a labor certification is only the beginning of the employment-based process to access an immigrant or nonimmigrant. The employer must then submit a petition to DHS’s U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, and the employee may need to apply to DOS for the issuance of a visa by which the worker enters the U.S. Each individual worker must meet admission standards and requirements listed in the INA. However, some visa categories have numerical limitations or caps set by Congress, which may restrict worker availability during certain times or seasons.

OFLC’s National Office is responsible for policy and program oversight of the non-enforcement responsibilities delegated to the Secretary under the INA. OFLC operates three National Processing Centers (NPCs) for the adjudication of applications. The one in Chicago, IL is responsible for adjudicating temporary nonimmigrant labor certification applications. The center in Atlanta, GA adjudicates permanent immigrant labor certification applications.

The third center in Washington, DC processes requests for prevailing wage determinations (PWDs), which are required for applications in most OFLC programs. The three NPCs are responsible for carrying out both operational and certain prescribed administrative functions. The administrative functions include providing help desk assistance from which employers and stakeholders can obtain specific case updates and general application information. Program operations are handled by directors, certifying officers, and analysts who together review and adjudicate applications submitted by employers, ensuring compliance with all applicable statutes, regulations and relevant case law.

The administrative staff also handles Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, data entry, case initiation, and IT functions. 2 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Most of OFLC’s application and determination processes are fully electronic in either the Department’s web-based ICERT Visa Portal System or the Permanent Electronic Review Management System (PERM) portal. The ICERT system contains the Prevailing Wage, Labor Condition Application (LCA; H-1B1/E-3), H-2A, and H-2B Modules, which allow employers to electronically prepare, submit, track, save, reuse, and/or withdraw H-2A, H-2B, and LCA applications or PWD requests, and request PWD redeterminations, through an accessible on-line account. These electronic submission systems are in compliance with the Government Paperwork Elimination Act and are part of the President’s e-Government initiative OFLC Adjudications: 2015 In FY 2015, OFLC processed 711,820 employer applications for 1,580,778 positions for temporary and permanent labor certifications.

All programs saw an increase in the number of applications adjudicated from FY 2014. The National Prevailing Wage Center processed 152,702 PWD requests for use in the PERM, H-1B, H-1B1, E-3, and H-2B programs. This was an increase of 20,658 applications over the previous fiscal year, or 15.6 percent. The Chicago NPC processed 10,339 applications for H-2A labor certification representing an increase of over 9 percent from the previous fiscal year for a total of 145,874 requested positions and 139,832 certified positions.

The H-2B labor certification application adjudications in FY 2015, in which 6,521 applications were processed for 126,138 requested positions, were over 17 percent higher than for the previous fiscal year. H-1B applications saw a 19 percent increase in the number of determinations issued in FY 2015 over FY 2014. The Department processed 605,809 applications, certifying 1,173,149 positions. In FY 2015, 89,151 permanent labor certification applications were adjudicated, a 25 percent increase from FY 2014, in which 70,998 applications were adjudicated.

3 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Summary of All OFLC Programs FY 2012 - 2015 Summary of Prevailing Wage Determinations FY 2012 thru 2015 VISA TYPE PERM H-1B H-2B Total FY 2012 114,802 12,606 8,370 135,778 FY 2013 103,274 8,225 6,894 118,393 FY 2014 109,463 6,967 9,377 125,807 FY 2015 113,525 6,091 11,421 131,037 Summary of All Labor Certification Programs FY 2012 thru 2015 VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 PERM H-1B* H-2A H-2B Total Determinations Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations Labor Condition Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations 66,488 54,581 66,488 54,581 408,038 377,477 940,812 847,959 8,047 7,845 90,362 85,248 4,211 3,563 94,538 75,458 44,149 35,202 44,149 35,202 433,586 410,834 984,184 944,842 8,388 8,118 105,735 98,821 4,710 3,990 98,402 82,307 70,998 62,633 70,998 62,633 508,674 462,972 978,608 933,931 9,405 9,152 123,528 116,689 5,464 4,638 107,719 93,649 89,151 78,938 89,151 78,938 605,809 556,175 1,219,615 1,173,149 10,339 9,962 145,874 139,832 6,521 5,112 126,138 101,765 486,784 490,833 594,541 711,820 Applications Certified 443,466 458,144 539,395 650,187 Positions Requested 1,192,200 1,232,470 1,280,853 1,580,778 Positions Certified 1,063,246 1,161,172 1,206,902 1,493,684 *Does not Include data for E-3 and H-1B1. 4 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 1 Prevailing Wage Determination Process Prevailing Wage Process – Overview The National Prevailing Wage Center (NPWC), in Washington, D.C., is responsible for determining prevailing wages for applications received in the temporary and permanent, non-agricultural foreign labor certification programs, including the PERM, H-1B, H-1B1, E-3, and H-2B programs. The purpose of the prevailing wage determination (PWD) process is to ensure job opportunities are offered to workers at a wage that will not adversely affect the wages or working conditions of similarly-employed U.S. workers. PERM and H-2B program applicants are required to obtain a PWD prior to filing their labor certification applications, while H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3 applicants may provide their own wage for their job opportunities, though they are strongly encouraged to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provided by reliance on a PWD issued by the NPWC.

The PWD request process is almost entirely electronic, with nearly all applicants submitting their requests through the ICERT Visa Portal System (ICERT). Depending on the program, the PWD the NPWC issues may reflect the average wage of all similarly-employed workers in the occupation, the average wage of workers at the same skill level in the occupation, an agreed-upon collective bargaining wage, or the wage required by the McNamara-O’Hara Service Contract Act or the Davis-Bacon Act. Prevailing Wage Determinations Issued The number of PWDs the NPWC issues does not reflect the actual number of labor certification or labor condition applications filed in the various foreign labor visa programs because a single PWD may be used once, more than once, or not at all. However, the number provides an indicator of interest in the programs for which the NPWC issues PWDs.

In fiscal year (FY) 2015, the NPWC received a total of 152,884 PWD requests. Of those requests, the NPWC issued a total of 131,037 PWDs, a 4 percent increase over FY 2014. PWD requests in the PERM program accounted for the overwhelming bulk of applications, with the NPWC receiving 132,434 requests, which constitutes 87 percent of all requests. Of those requests, the NPWC issued a PWD for 113,728, which accounted for approximately 87 percent of all issued PWDs.

The 13,757 requests in the H-2B temporary nonagricultural certification program made up the second largest share of applications. Of the 13,757 H-2B requests, the NPWC issued a PWD for 11,421, which constituted 8.7 percent of total determinations. The third largest share of determination requests was in the H-1B skilled, professional temporary worker program, for which the NPWC received 6,693 requests. Of these requests, the NPWC issued a PWD for 6,091, which made up roughly 4.6 percent of all determinations.

In addition, the NPWC responded to 12,220 help desk inquiries in FY 2015. Prevailing Wage Determinations Issued by Status CASE STATUS Determination Issued Redetermination Review - Affirmed Redetermination Review - Overturned - Modified H-1B 6,005 52 34 H-2B 11,206 168 47 PERM 111,758 882 885 Total 6,091 11,421 113,525 Prevailing Wage Determination Issued by Quarter and Major Visa QUARTER First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Total H-1B 1,204 1,685 1,894 1,308 6,091 H-2B 6,632 2,279 1,283 1,227 PERM 24,231 29,617 26,955 32,722 TOTAL 32,067 33,581 30,132 35,257 11,421 113,525 131,037 6 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Prevailing Wage Determinations Issued Based on Area of Intended Employment by State and U.S. Territory H-1B H-2B PERM STATE H-1B H-2B PERM STATE Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana TOTAL ISSUED 643 139 1,318 399 58 3 48 16 29,299 415 1,440 1,146 515 590 5,202 3,156 112 130 250 5,260 1,009 507 558 472 735 534 2,069 5,109 3,293 1,089 317 1,128 150 33 20 37 22 459 186 - 12 5 453 217 32 169 89 28 16 239 230 161 34 84 41 13 122 97 205 130 234 459 52 54 7 711 231 - 2 64 156 71 55 78 78 391 423 285 1,009 225 173 94 239 95 463 39 1,065 253 28,650 948 1,074 424 561 4,032 2,739 112 116 181 4,651 721 420 311 305 316 95 1,545 3,870 2,907 882 139 848 42 14 10 4 142 8 250 355 45 17 TOTAL ISSUED 307 296 296 7,120 213 10,069 Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina 2,529 North Dakota Northern Mariana Islands 408 43 Ohio 2,130 198 Oklahoma Oregon 560 897 Pennsylvania 3,032 Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 96 222 655 318 658 12,256 537 212 3 3,868 4,999 152 736 81 16 17 99 14 1 86 37 59 809 14 1 - 93 167 61 83 4 60 43 51 257 9 465 275 243 - 372 208 38 575 3 36 170 214 80 233 243 241 6,721 196 9,354 1,899 120 26 1,560 336 842 2,358 79 185 399 67 519 1,333 10,114 116 82 - 376 105 14 35 51 407 129 3 3,399 4,727 77 618 26 7 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 States for Prevailing Wage Determinations California, Texas, and New York were the three States with the most PWDs issued. The NPWC also issued the greatest number of PERM determinations to employers in these three states. Employers in California received 29,299 total PWDs in FY 2015, more than any other state, followed by Texas, for which the NPWC issued 12,256 PWDs, and New York, for which the NPWC issued 10,069.

Among employers intending to pursue temporary H-1B specialty worker visas, the greatest demand for PWDs appeared in Texas, Florida, California, and Illinois, with the NPWC issuing 809 PWDs for Texas employers, 459 in Florida, 453 in Illinois, and 415 in California. Texas, Massachusetts, Florida, and Pennsylvania employers topped the list of H-2B PWD recipients, with each state accounting for 1,333, 1,009, 711, and 575 PWDs, respectively. Top 10 States for Wage Determinations by Major Visa Classifications DETERMINATIONS H-1B 29,299 12,256 10,069 7,120 5,260 5,202 5,109 4,999 3,868 3,293 415 809 250 142 453 459 230 167 93 161 H-2B 234 1,333 465 257 156 711 1,009 105 376 225 PERM 28,650 10,114 9,354 6,721 4,651 4,032 3,870 4,727 3,399 2,907 H-1B H-2B PERM STATE California Texas New York New Jersey Illinois Florida Massachusetts Washington Virginia Michigan California Texas New York New Jersey Illinois Florida Massachusetts Washington Virginia Michigan 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 8 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wage Determinations In FY 2015, as is typical, the most requested occupations were in computer-related occupations like Software Developers, Computer Systems Analysts, and Computer and Information Systems Managers. Total Wage Determinations for the Top 10 Occupations OCCUPATION DETERMINATIONS AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Marketing Managers Accountants and Auditors Network and Computer Systems Administrators Financial Managers 30,599 8,224 8,085 5,625 4,181 4,065 3,272 2,510 2,012 1,934 $47.67 $43.87 $53.55 $71.20 $12.29 $48.80 $69.13 $34.87 $40.31 $70.92 Average Wage for the Top 10 Occupations Computer and Information System Managers received the highest average hourly wage of the top 10 occupations at $71.20, an increase of $1.19 over FY 2014, while Financial Managers earned a similarly high average wage of $70.92 per hour.

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers received the lowest average hourly wage of the top 10 occupations at $12.29, an increase of $1.01 over FY 2014. 9 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top Occupations and Employers for Prevailing Wages The following computer-related occupations constituted over 40 percent of the total PWDs issued: Software Developers (Applications), with 30,599 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $47.67; Computer Systems Analysts, with 8,224 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $43.87; Software Developers (Systems Software), with 8,085 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $53.55; and Computer and Information Systems Managers, with 5,625 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $71.20. Of these occupations, Software Developers (Applications) was by far the most requested, accounting for just over 23 percent of all PWDs. Among employers requesting workers in the PERM Program, the Microsoft Corporation; Deloitte Consulting, LLP; and Google, Inc. received the most PWDs in FY 2015.

Each of these employers was among the top five employers for three of the top four occupations in FY 2015. Top Five Employers in the Top Four Occupations Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wages TOP 4 OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYER OCCUPATIONS DETERMINATIONS Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 30,599 8,224 8,085 5,625 4,181 4,065 Marketing Managers 3,272 Accountants and Auditors 2,510 Network and Computer Systems Administrators Financial Managers 2,012 1,934 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Manages Microsoft Corporation Deloitte Consulting LLP Yahoo! Inc. Google Inc. Symantec Corporation Deloitte Consulting LLP Google Inc. Microsoft Corporation Deloitte Touche LLP Ernst Young U.S. LLP Yahoo! Inc. Oracle America Inc. Intel Corporation Qualcomm Technologies Inc. Cisco Systems Inc. Deloitte Consulting LLP Google Inc. Deloitte Touche LLP Microsoft Corporation Cisco Systems Inc. 10 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 2 Permanent Labor Certification Atlanta National Processing Center The National Processing Center in Atlanta, Georgia (Atlanta NPC) is responsible for processing applications received by OFLC for permanent labor certifications under the INA.

The Atlanta NPC adjudicates applications for permanent employment-based immigration filed primarily through the Permanent Electronic Review Management (PERM) online submission system, which employers are encouraged, but not required, to use. In addition to its adjudication of applications, the Atlanta NPC oversees supervised recruitment for those employers who are required to submit their recruitment plans and results to the Atlanta NPC. The Atlanta NPC staff also oversees PERM audits of employers as part of OFLC’s integrity measures and is responsible for preparing files for appeal to the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals. In FY 2015, the Atlanta NPC processed an average of 1,714 applications per week, 7,429 applications per month, and 22,288 applications per quarter.

In total, the Atlanta NPC certified 78,938 applications and denied 5,851 applications, and 4,362 applications were withdrawn, for a total of 89,151 applications processed during FY 2015. From the total number of applications processed at the Atlanta NPC in FY 2015, the Appeals unit received 3,209 appeals and processed 1,348 appeals. The Atlanta NPC had 54,523 pending cases on October 1, 2014 and ended FY 2015 with 54,559 pending cases – only a .07 percent increase in pending caseload. 12 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Summary of the Permanent Labor Certification Program Under the permanent labor certification program, an employer seeking to hire a foreign worker to work as an immigrant in the U.S. submits an application for labor certification that, if granted, would certify to the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that there are not sufficient U.S. workers who are able, willing, qualified, and available to perform the services sought, and that the employment of the foreign worker will not have an adverse impact on the wages and working conditions of similarly employed workers in the United States.

An employer must obtain a labor certification from DOL before it can submit most types of immigrant visa petitions to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), part of the DHS. The PERM labor certification process utilizes an electronic fillable application. Prior to submitting an application to initiate the employment-based process in PERM (unless the employer has been placed in supervised recruitment) the employer must test of the labor market to determine whether U.S. workers are able, willing, qualified, and available for the job opportunity in the area where the job will be performed. The test involves mandatory and discretionary advertising at several levels.

If there are no such U.S. workers, the employer may file an Application for Permanent Employment Certification with OFLC evidencing the recruitment efforts undertaken and other program information. These and other program-related conditions must be met prior to OFLC granting a permanent labor certification. In FY 2015, employers filed 87,644 applications, a 17 percent increase from FY 2014 in which 74,936 applications were filed, and a 20 percent increase from FY 2013 in which 72,462 applications were filed. Twenty-four States each had more than 500 permanent labor certifications in FY 2014.

California, Texas, New Jersey, New York, and Illinois were the States with the greatest numbers of permanent labor certifications. 13 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Permanent Labor Certifications by U.S. State and Territory WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED California Texas New Jersey New York Illinois Washington Massachusetts Michigan Virginia Florida Georgia Pennsylvania North Carolina Ohio Maryland Oregon Arizona South Carolina Connecticut Minnesota Colorado Alabama Missouri Wisconsin Indiana District of Columbia Tennessee Kentucky Delaware 18,675 13,008 6,257 6,098 3,295 2,846 2,656 2,325 2,264 2,161 2,145 1,799 1,666 1,414 1,140 1,023 806 714 686 621 615 583 568 547 471 405 359 332 308 Kansas Iowa Utah Louisiana Nebraska New Hampshire Oklahoma Arkansas New Mexico Nevada Rhode Island Maine Vermont Idaho Mississippi Hawaii North Dakota South Dakota Guam West Virginia Puerto Rico Alaska Montana Wyoming Virgin Islands Marshall Islands Northern Mariana Islands Federated States of Micronesia 306 303 299 282 249 179 170 154 152 145 128 103 98 90 89 74 71 52 51 46 31 31 20 13 6 5 3 1 Total Positions Certified 78,938 14 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Permanent Labor Certifications by Top Five NAICS Industry Codes Most industries, as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), experienced significant increases in the number of certifications sought in FY 2015. Together, the top five industries by NAICS code accounted for 82 percent of the total number of permanent labor certifications in FY 2015. The number of permanent labor certifications for occupations listed under the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services industry accounted for 48 percent of all permanent labor certifications.

This industry accounts for the largest number of certifications in the PERM program. The other industries rounding out the top five were Manufacturing (16.78%), Information (7.03%), Finance and Insurance (5.75%), and Educational Services (4.88%). Top Five Industries by NAICS NAICS SECTOR INDUSTRY TITLE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED 54 31-33 51 52 61 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Manufacturing Information Finance and Insurance Educational Services 37,669 13,245 5,549 4,539 3,849 47.72% 16.78% 7.03% 5.75% 4.88% 15 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Permanent Labor Certification by NAICS Code NAICS SECTOR 54 31-33 51 52 61 62 INDUSTRY TITLE Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Manufacturing Information Finance and Insurance Educational Services Health Care and Social Assistance 44-45 Retail and Trade 42 72 56 81 23 Wholesale Trade Accommodation and Food Service Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services Other Services (Except Public Administration) Construction 48-49 Transportation and Warehousing 21 55 53 22 11 71 92 Mining Management of Companies and Enterprises Real Estate Rental and Leasing Utilities Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Public Administration No classification Total Certified POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED 37,669 13,245 5,549 4,539 3,849 3,167 2,987 1,669 1,416 1,074 896 609 468 383 331 273 268 218 163 122 43 78,938 47.72% 16.78% 7.03% 5.75% 4.88% 4.01% 3.78% 2.11% 1.79% 1.36% 1.14% 0.77% 0.59% 0.49% 0.42% 0.35% 0.34% 0.28% 0.21% 0.15% 0.05% 100.00% 16 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Occupations with More Than 1,000 Certifications Employers apply for permanent labor certification in almost every occupational classification. The Department uses the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system developed for use by Federal statistical agencies.

The occupations in the table below represent those in which more than 1,000 applications were certified in FY 2015. These occupations constitute approximately 59 percent of all permanent labor certifications granted in FY 2015. Of the occupations for which more than 1,000 positions were certified in FY 2015, Software Developers, Applications was the most requested occupation at 33.5 percent of the total positions certified. Occupations with More Than 1,000 Permanent Labor Certifications SOC 15-1132 15-1121 15-1133 17-2072 11-3021 JOB TITLE TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers 26,465 9,800 5,218 3,024 1,862 $46.13 $40.18 $52.76 $48.64 $65.03 17 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top Five Occupations for Top Five Countries The largest number of permanent labor certifications in FY 2015 was filed for foreign workers originating from India, China, South Korea, Canada, and the Philippines.

Software Developers, Applications; Computer Systems Analysts; Software Developers, Systems Software, and Electronics Engineers comprised the majority of job opportunities certified by employers with foreign workers from India, China, and Canada. The most common occupations for foreign workers from Canada included Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers, Accountants and Auditors, and Market Research Analysts/Marketing Specialists. The most common occupations for foreign workers from the Philippines included Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists, Home Health Aides, and Occupational Therapists. Top Five Occupations for the Top Five Countries of Origin COUNTRY OCCUPATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED IN COUNTRY India China Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Statisticians Accountants and Auditors Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software South Korea Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Systems Analysts Mechanical Engineers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Accountants and Auditors Canada Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Chefs and Head Cooks Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Home Health Aides Philippines Occupational Therapists Software Developers, Applications Accountants and Auditors 21,231 8,732 3,615 1,738 1,360 1,624 639 486 283 282 580 181 154 114 100 643 204 170 159 154 161 138 111 89 71 45,670 6,411 4,895 2,962 1,509 18 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Permanent Labor Certification By State and U.S. Territory In FY 2015, 16 states represented the primary work locations for more than 1,000 permanent labor certifications each.

Texas, New Jersey, and New York each had more than 4,000 permanent labor certifications, and California had 18,675 permanent labor certifications. States with More Than 1,000 Positions Certified JOB INFO WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED JOB INFO WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED California Texas New Jersey New York Illinois Washington Massachusetts Michigan 18,675 13,008 6,257 6,098 3,295 2,846 2,656 2,325 Virginia Florida Georgia Pennsylvania North Carolina Ohio Maryland Oregon 2,264 2,161 2,145 1,799 1,666 1,414 1,140 1,023 WA OR CACA MI IL OH NY MA PA NJ MD VA NC TX GA FL 19 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION States with Most Certifications California, Texas, New Jersey, New York, and Illinois were the five states with the largest numbers of permanent labor certifications in FY 2015. Within the five states, the occupations with the highest demand in FY 2015 were all in Technology. California, with 18,675 certifications, received almost 24 percent of the total number of permanent labor certifications issued in FY 2015.

California’s driving industry that received the most permanent labor certifications was Information Technology. Five States with the Most Permanent Labor Certifications STATES California Texas New Jersey New York Illinois Total Certified TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED 18,675 13,008 6,257 6,098 3,295 78,938 23.66% 16.48% 7.93% 7.73% 4.17% Top Occupations for the Top Five States WORK STATE INDUSTRY PERM CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS California Texas New Jersey New York Illinois Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts 5,643 3,446 4,812 4,072 2,875 1,357 1,454 532 1,225 363 20 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Cities for Permanent Labor Certifications STATE CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED College Station 6435 New York San Jose 3971 2336 TOP EMPLOYERS Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation Goldman Sachs & Co. Cisco Systems Inc. Mountain View 1750 Google Inc. Houston San Francisco Santa Clara San Diego Sunnyvale Seattle 1731 1511 1390 1242 1135 1121 Technip USA Inc. Salesforcecom Intel Corporation Qualcomm Technologies Inc. Yahoo! Inc. Amazon Corporate LLC TX NY CA CA TX CA CA CA CA WA Seattle San Francisco Mountain View Sunnyvale Santa Clara San Jose San Diego TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED 6,435 197 899 1,122 56 137 249 699 198 752 Computer Systems Analysts 3,408 Software Developers, Applications 75 Software Developers, Systems Software 724 Software Developers, Applications Chemical or Mechanical Engineers Software Developers, Applications 781 12 86 Software Developers, Systems Software 128 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 360 Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications 89 501 New York College Station Houston 21 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Countries with over 1,000 Certifications In FY 2015, India remained the country of origin with the most certifications for foreign workers in the permanent labor certification program, and China remained the country of origin with the second highest number of permanent labor certifications. South Korea rounded out the top three countries with the greatest number of certified positions.

Workers from India represented approximately 58 percent of permanent labor certifications approved, while each of the other countries represented approximately 8 percent or less of certifications. The top five countries represented 78 percent of the total number of certifications in FY 2015. Countries of Immigrant Origin (Citizenship) with More Than 1,000 Certified Positions COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER INDIA CHINA SOUTH KOREA CANADA PHILIPPINES Total Certified 45,670 6,411 4,895 2,962 1,509 78,938 57.86% 8.12% 6.20% 3.75% 1.91% $46.29 $41.40 $26.41 $54.88 $33.72 22 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Twenty Five Employers with the Highest Number of Certifications Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation was the employer with the highest number of applications certified during FY 2015, with 7,079 applications. Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation filed 37 percent of all applications filed by the top 25 employers.

Many of the top 25 employers were technology or computer-related companies. The top three occupations for FY 2015 were Software Developers, Applications; Computer Systems Analysts; and Software Developers, Systems Software. Some of the other occupations certified for the top 25 employers were Electronics Engineers, Marketing Managers, and Accountants and Auditors. Occupations Certified Most Often for the 25 Employers with the Highest Number of Certified Applications EMPLOYER Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation Google Inc. Intel Corporation Cisco Systems Inc. Microsoft Corporation Qualcomm Technologies Inc. Amazon Corporate LLC Oracle America Inc. Apple Inc. Ernst Young U.S. LLP Facebook Inc. House of Raeford Farms Inc. Hcl America Inc. Deloitte Consulting LLP TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP TWO OCCUPATIONS FOR EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY OCCUPATION FOR EACH EMPLOYER 7,079 1,450 1,446 1,028 923 876 798 585 494 416 389 327 307 285 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Systems Software Network and Computer Systems Administrators Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Marketing Managers Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Accountants and Auditors Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Slaughterers and Meat Packers Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts 3,997 2,977 1,003 181 573 433 779 55 714 51 471 390 541 71 235 164 134 100 100 135 133 287 20 325 2 139 109 114 79 23 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION EMPLOYER Defender Services Inc. Koch Foods of Alabama LLC Goldman Sachs Co. JP Morgan Chase Co. TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED 267 261 253 252 Capgemini Financial Services USA Inc. 233 Yahoo!

Inc. Igate Technologies Inc. IBM Corporation Infosys Ltd. Case Farms Processing Inc. Ericsson Inc. 232 230 219 216 208 198 TOP TWO OCCUPATIONS FOR EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY OCCUPATION FOR EACH EMPLOYER Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Software Developers, Applications Financial Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer and Information Systems Managers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Slaughterers and Meat Packers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications 267 261 253 50 104 31 153 61 108 84 142 35 84 76 96 94 168 40 51 23 Total 18,972 24 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Education in the Permanent Labor Certification Program Permanent labor certification applications from educational employers accounted for approximately 4.3 percent of the total positions certified in FY 2015, or 3,384 certifications granted. Education, Training, and Library occupations were the most sought positions by Educational employers, with these occupations constituting of 71.47 percent of the educational positions certified, or 2,683 permanent labor certifications. This wide occupational category includes occupations from pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, secondary school, and special education teachers, to post-secondary teachers in their various specialty areas. It also includes teaching assistants, self-enrichment education teachers, librarians, curators, archivists, audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists, and instructional designers and coordinators.

In the occupational category with the next highest number of positions certified for educational employers, Computer and Mathematical Occupations, 219 positions were certified, constituting 5.83 percent of the total educational positions certified. Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations constituted 5.67 percent; Management Occupations constituted 3.09 percent and Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations constituted 1.89 percent, with all other occupations individually accounting for less than 1 percent of the positions certified for educational employers. Top 10 Permanent Labor Education Certification by SOC Occupation Code TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED SOC CODE SOC OCCUPATION 25-0000 15-0000 29-0000 11-0000 19-0000 17-0000 13-0000 27-0000 21-0000 43-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations Computer and Mathematical Occupations Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations Management Occupations Life, Physical, and Social Science occupation Community and Social Service Occupations Architecture and Engineering Occupations Arts Design, Entertainments, Sports, and Media Business and Financial Operation Occupations Office and Administrative Support 2,683 219 213 116 71 27 20 15 14 3 Total Permanent Labor Education Positions Certified 3,384 Total Permanent Labor Certification Positions Certified 78,938 71.47% 5.83% 5.67% 3.09% 1.89% 0.72% 0.53% 0.40% 0.37% 0.08% 4.29% In FY 2015, the states with the highest demand from educational employers each had over 100 certified positions. Texas, California, and New York were among those states experiencing the highest demand among educational employers in PERM in FY 2015, with 353 positions certified for Texas, 299 positions certified for California, and 280 positions certified for New York.

25 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 States for Permanent Labor Education Certifications and Top Three Employers for Each State STATE TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED EMPLOYER Texas 353 Texas Tech University Dallas Independent School District Houston Independent School District California State University California 299 U.S. Army Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center New York 280 Borough of Manhattan Community College CUNY Los Angeles Unified School District State University of New York Baruch College Baltimore City Public School System Maryland 153 University of Maryland Arizona 143 The University of Arizona The Johns Hopkins University Apollo Education Group Inc. Pennsylvania 135 University of Pennsylvania Arizona State University The Pennsylvania State University Temple University University of Illinois Illinois 133 The University of Chicago Florida 127 University of Miami Illinois State University University of Florida Florida State University* The Ohio State University Ohio 121 The Ohio University Kent State University* University Of Michigan Michigan 117 Michigan State University Wayne State University *Tied with another Employer. TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR THE EMPLOYER 89 27 16 25 21 20 65 51 14 96 17 13 32 19 17 24 14 9 43 10 8 22 15 12 21 11 8 38 26 12 26 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 3 Temporary Programs Chicago National Processing Center OFLC has two centers exclusively devoted to adjudicating applications for the Secretary of Labor under the INA and one center devoted to determining prevailing wages for employers wishing to hire foreign workers. The National Processing Center (Chicago NPC) in Chicago, Illinois is responsible for processing applications received by ETA from employers throughout the United States that seek temporary workers under the H-2A Agricultural Program, H-2B Non-agricultural Program, H-1B Specialty (Professional) Worker Program (including H-1B1 for Chile and Singapore and E-3 for Australia), and D-1 Crewmember (Longshore) Program. On average in FY 2015, the Chicago NPC processed 2,146 applications per day, 10,276 applications per week, and 44,531 applications per month for H-2A, H-2B, H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3 programs combined.

The Chicago NPC received on average 181 applications per week for the H-2A program, 105 applications per week for the H-2B program, and 9,990 applications per week for the H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3 programs. The Chicago NPC processed two D-1 applications in FY 2015. Cross-trained analysts enable the Chicago NPC to be more flexible and meet processing goals, as does expanded use of electronic communication and filing capabilities. Direct electronic communications with employers are decreasing mailing costs and increasing efficiency.

The help desk e-mail boxes received approximately 58,994 emails in FY 2015, which is higher than the previous year when the Center received over 28,127 help desk inquiries. 28 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Ombudsman Program The OFLC Ombudsman Program was created in February of 2012 to improve customer service and strengthen stakeholder confidence in OFLC case processing. The Ombudsman Program provides accessible and consistent service to OFLC stakeholders by conducting independent and impartial inquiries into issues related to the administration of the H-2A and H-2B temporary visa programs. The Ombudsman Program answers inquiries on a variety of topics.

These include questions from agents and employers regarding case delays, procedural questions on issues such as wages, designation by the Wage and Hour Division as a foreign labor contractor, and inquiries about workers’ compensation and surety bonds. The Program also receives inquiries from advocate groups concerned with terms in job orders, alleged nonexistent corporations, recruitment practices, and the temporary nature of the work in an application. The Ombudsman Program also identifies areas in which employers and worker advocate organizations have concerns in dealing with the OFLC and proposes internal recommendations designed to continuously improve the quality of services provided by the OFLC. There is no fee for using the Ombudsman Program.

The Program receives most inquiries by e-mail; however stakeholders also contact the program by mail or fax. Complex issues were sometimes discussed by phone or in person. The Ombudsman Team initially responds to inquiries within one business day and has as its goal to resolve inquires within 15 days. The Program also conducts outreach regarding program or policy changes, such as website postings and e-mail updates to stakeholders.

The Ombudsman Team tracks all inquiries and follows the resolution of each question or concern, looking for patterns or notable problems to be overcome on a programmatic (rather than case-specific) basis. Recommendations suggesting a program-wide process or policy change may also result from these inquiries and resulting review. The Ombudsman’s services were most utilized by users of the H-2A program. The number of requests regarding the H-2A program was double those for the H-2B program.

Inquiries from agents and attorneys comprised the majority of inquiries. The Ombudsman team’s time to resolve inquiries averaged three business days. 29 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Summary of Temporary Labor Certification Programs The Department issues labor certifications for temporary employment under several nonimmigrant programs in which nonimmigrant workers cannot be admitted to work in the United States unless the employer possesses a valid labor certification or labor condition application. A valid labor certification indicates that the employment of a foreign worker will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of workers in the United States who are similarly employed and that there are not sufficient U.S. workers to perform the work.

OFLC’s nonimmigrant programs are H-1B Specialty (Professional) Worker Program; H-1B1 Specialty Worker Program (Chile and Singapore); E-3 Specialty Worker Program (Australia); H-2A (Agricultural) Program; H-2B (Non-Agricultural) Program; and the D-1 Crewmember (Longshore) Program. OFLC data for FY 2015 shows a 19 percent increase in the number of H-1B applications (not including H-1B1 and E-3) adjudicated and a 20 percent increase in the number of applications certified. The number of positions requested increased by almost 20 percent and so did the number of H-1B positions certified, by 30 percent, in FY 2015. In the H-2A program, there was more than 9 percent increase in the number of H-2A applications adjudicated and an almost 9 percent increase in the number of applications certified.

The number of positions requested increased by 18 percent from FY 2014 to 145,874 positions. In the H-2B program, there were marked increases for the number of applications adjudicated and certified, by 19 and 10 percent, respectively. The number of positions certified for the H-2B program increased by almost 9 percent from FY 2014, to a total of 101,765. 30 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT H-1B Temporary Specialty Worker Program- Overview By law, the H-1B program allows an employer to temporarily employ a foreign worker in the United States in a specialty occupation or as a fashion model of distinguished merit and ability.

A specialty occupation requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent in education and/or experience in the specialized discipline (e.g., Science, Medicine and Healthcare, Education, Biotechnology, and Business Specialties). Current law limits the number of foreign workers who may be issued a new H-1B visa to 65,000 each fiscal year, with certain exceptions, with an additional 20,000 visas designated for those possessing advanced degrees earned at U.S. institutions. A Labor Condition Application (LCA) is filed with OFLC for processing; OFLC reviews the document, which contains the employer’s attestations to its obligations in the H-1B program, for obvious errors and omissions and certifies the Department’s acceptance of the attestations. 31 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top Three H-1B Occupations FY 2015 data for OFLC indicated an increase in demand for job opportunities for H-1B workers who are educated and skilled in specialized occupations compared to 2014.

There was a 20 percent increase in the number of H-1B positions requested and a 24.6 percent increase in the number of positions certified compared to FY 2014. As has been the case in previous years, the top three occupations for positions certified were all computer-related occupations, with Computer Systems Analysts representing over 28 percent of the total H-1B positions certified (332,229 positions) in FY 2015, which is more than twice as much as the next two combined. Top Three Occupations for H-1B Certified Positions TOP THREE OCCUPATIONS TOTAL H-1B APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL H-1B POSITIONS CERTIFIED CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS AS % OF ALL H-1B APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS AS % OF ALL CERTIFIED H-1B POSITIONS Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Total of Top Three Occupations All Other Occupations Total Overall Certifications 109,803 91,575 83,822 285,200 270,975 556,175 332,229 144,120 141,472 617,821 601,794 1,219,615 19.74% 16.47% 15.07% 51.28% 48.72% 27.24% 11.82% 11.60% 50.66% 49.34% 32 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Employers for H-1B and the Top Occupations and Work States Deloitte Consulting LLP was the top employer for H-1B positions certified in FY 2015, with 118,406 positions certified, making up over 10 percent of the total number of H-1B positions certified this fiscal year. California was the top work state for 3 out of the top 10 H-1B employers.

In FY 2015 Texas, New York, New Jersey, and Illinois rounded out the top states for the top 10 H-1B employers. Most of the top 10 H-1B employers’ top occupations were in the computer related fields such as computer systems analysts and computer programmers. Occupations in Marketing, Accounting, and General Management covered the rest. Top 10 Employers for H-1B for Positions Certified and the Top Occupations and Work State for Employers EMPLOYER POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF ALL H-1B CERTIFIED POSITIONS TOP WORK STATE FOR EMPLOYER TOP OCCUPATION FOR EMPLOYER Deloitte Consulting LLP 118,406 Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation 82,662 Tata Consultancy Services Limited 43,247 Wipro Limited iGate Technologies Inc. Infosys Limited Mindtree Limited Syntel Consulting Inc. Deloitte & Touche LLP Mphasis Corporation 36,151 35,973 33,213 23,500 23,154 20,267 19,658 9.71% 6.78% 3.55% 2.96% 2.95% 2.72% 1.93% 1.90% 1.66% 1.61% Total of Top 10 Occupations 436,231 35.77% All Other Occupations 783,384 64.23% Total Overall Certifications 1,219,615 Pennsylvania Computer Systems Analysts New Jersey Computer Systems Analysts California Computer Programmers California Computer Occupations, All Other New Jersey Computer Occupations, All Other California Computer Systems Analysts Washington Computer Systems Analysts Tennessee Computer Systems Analysts Pennsylvania Accountants and Auditors Texas Computer Systems Analysts 33 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION States with More Than 5,000 Certified H-1B LCAs There were 21 States in which at least 5,000 certified Labor Conditions Applications (LCAs) were issued.

California led the country in the most certified LCAs with over 18 percent of the total certified or 102,100. Colorado was 21st with 5,016. In addition to California, Texas, New York, New Jersey, and Illinois rounded out the top five and had just over 50 percent of the total certified LCAs. California increased its certified LCAs by 15,538 in FY 2015 over FY 2014; New Jersey increased by 10,330; Texas by 10,080; New York by 5,538; and Illinois by 5,254.

Trend of FY 2013 Top Five State Over the Fiscal Years 2012, 2013, 2014 & 2015 STATE FISCAL YEAR APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED California Texas New York New Jersey Illinois FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY2012 FY2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY2012 FY2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY2012 FY2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY2012 FY2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 Total Top 5 States FY 2015 Total Overall FY 2015 Percent of Total FY 2015 68,927 77,633 86,562 102,100 34,600 39,569 46,342 56,422 38,464 37,407 40,978 46,561 25,870 28,142 34,036 44,366 20,740 23,062 24,858 30,112 279,561 556,175 50.26% 144,823 172,393 172,318 208,689 70,717 75,563 84,612 106,745 80,058 73,647 76,105 93,560 56476 62,008 65,505 85,602 47,913 53,617 50,551 67,619 562,215 1,219,615 46.10% 34 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Cities for H-1B by Positions Certified CITY New York, NY Houston, TX Philadelphia, PA Atlanta, GA Chicago, IL San Francisco, CA San Jose, CA Dallas, TX Seattle, WA Redmond, WA TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY 63,502 30,255 29,346 27,907 26,793 26,126 23,397 15,335 15,183 14,752 Deloitte Consulting, LLP Deloitte Consulting, LLP 7,042 3,511 Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Deloitte Consulting, LLP 19,772 Computer Systems Analysts Deloitte Consulting, LLP Deloitte Consulting, LLP Deloitte Consulting, LLP Cisco Systems, Inc. Deloitte Consulting, LLP Amazon Corporate, LLC Microsoft Corporation 4,015 6,287 3,087 2,693 3,916 6,304 4,742 Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Redmond Seattle San Francisco San Jose New York Philadelphia Chicago Atlanta Dallas Houston 35 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION E-3 Australian Temporary Specialty Worker Program The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, P.L. 109-13, produced the E-3 Australia Specialty Worker Program. This program allows employers to temporarily employ foreign professionals from Australia to work in the United States. Current law provides for 10,500 new visas each fiscal year for Australian nationals seeking temporary work in specialty occupations that require, at a minimum, a bachelor’s degree in the field of specialization. As with the H-1B and H-1B1 programs, an LCA is filed with OFLC.

E-3 certification is valid for the period of employment indicated on the LCA, which may be up to two years. In FY 2015, 10,697 E-3 positions were certified from 9,328 applications. New York and California were the top work States for E-3 positions, each with well over 2,000 positions certified and together accounting for over 50 percent of the total E-3 positions certified in FY 2015. The top 10 occupations reflected on certified E-3 LCAs were Computer related occupations, business, management, and financial occupations.

Top Five States for E-3 Australia Positions Certified STATE New York California Texas Washington Massachusetts Illinois Top 10 Occupations for E-3 Australia OCCUPATION Software Developers, Applications Financial Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Accountants and Auditors Computer Systems Analysts Management Analysts Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists General and Operations Managers Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Total Top 10 E-3 Occupations Total Overall E-3 POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR E-3 3,372 2,584 715 548 305 305 31.52% 24.16% 6.68% 5.12% 2.85% 2.85% APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED 853 373 290 500 288 436 361 338 251 286 3,976 9,328 856 597 585 569 522 438 364 339 326 324 4,920 10,697 36 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT H-1B1 Temporary Specialty Worker Program On January 1, 2004, the H-1B1 Specialty Worker Program was implemented, allowing employers to temporarily employ foreign professionals from Chile and Singapore in the United States in specialty occupations. This program was established by the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 108-77) and the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 108-78). Current law provides for 1,400 new visas for foreign workers from Chile and 5,400 for foreign workers from Singapore each fiscal year. Similar to the H-1B and E-3 programs, an LCA is filed with OFLC.

Like the H-1B certification, the H-1B1 certification is valid for the period of employment indicated on the LCA, which may be up to three years. As defined by statute, a specialty occupation requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent in the specific specialty (e.g., Science, Medicine and Healthcare, Education, Biotechnology, and Business Specialties). Both H-1B1 Chile and H-1B1 Singapore allow for alternative credentials for certain professions, including Disaster Relief Claims Adjuster and Management Consultant professionals from both countries. For Chilean nationals only, Agricultural Managers and Physical Therapists can also qualify with alternative requirements.

In FY 2015, OFLC certified 614 H-1B1 Chile applications. The top work States for H-1B1 Chile positions certified were California and Florida, each with more than 140 positions certified out of 641 positions certified. These two States accounted for almost 44 percent of the positions certified for the H-1B1 Chile program. The top 10 occupations for the H-1B1 Chile program in FY 2015 varied widely and included computer related occupations, which made up more than 18 percent of all positions certified for the H-1B1 Chile program.

Other non- computer related occupations included marketing, financial, and architectural occupations. Top Five States for H-1B1 Chile Positions Certified STATE California Florida Washington New York New Jersey Top 10 Occupations for H-1B1 Chile OCCUPATION Software Developers, Applications Agricultural Inspectors Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Financial Analysts Management Analysts Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers Food Scientists and Technologists Marketing Managers General and Operations Manager Computer Programmers Software Developers, Systems Software Total Top 10 H-1B1 Chile Occupations Total Overall H-1B1 Chile POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR H-1B1 CHILE 142 141 60 53 42 22.15% 22.00% 9.36% 8.27% 6.55% APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED 92 41 29 28 19 17 15 13 13 13 13 293 614 92 51 29 28 19 17 15 13 13 13 13 303 641 37 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION In FY 2015, OFLC certified 938 H-1B1 Singapore applications. California and New York had the largest number of positions certified in the H-1B1 Singapore program, each with over 300 certified positions representing about 54 percent of the 1,199 H-1B1 Singapore positions certified in FY 2015. In FY 2015, the most common occupations for certified H-1B1 Singapore positions were computer-related, followed by Accountants and Auditors, management, marketing, financial, and engineering occupations.

Top Five States for H-1B1 Singapore Positions Certified STATE California New York Texas Washington Illinois Top 10 Occupations for H-1B1 Singapore OCCUPATION Accountants and Auditors Financial Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Management Analysts Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Computer Occupations, All Other Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Marketing Managers Mechanical Engineers Industrial Engineers Operations Research Analysts Total Top 10 H-1B1 Singapore Occupations Total Overall H-1B1 Singapore POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR H-1B1 SINGAPORE 347 305 96 65 65 28.94% 25.44% 8.01% 5.42% 5.42% APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED 90 66 112 64 58 56 26 10 22 21 9 21 555 938 213 136 112 78 72 56 26 24 22 21 21 21 802 1,199 38 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Education in H-1B - Overview In FY 2015, H-1B labor condition applications from educational employers accounted for 2.6 percent of the total positions certified. Over 75 percent of the positions certified for educational employers in FY 2015 were requested by colleges and universities, almost 18 percent were requested by elementary and secondary schools and more than half of one percent by junior colleges. Educational employers continued to primarily seek positions in Education, Training, and Library occupations, with this occupational category constituting almost 47 percent of the positions certified, which was slightly lower than last year. This occupational category includes pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, secondary school, and special education teachers, post-secondary teachers in their various specialty areas, teaching assistants, self-enrichment education teachers, librarians, curators, archivists, audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists, and instructional designers and coordinators.

Life, Physical, and Social Science continued to be the next most sought occupational category, maintaining just fewer than 29 percent average of the positions certified for educational employers. Healthcare Practitioners and Technical occupations, Computer and Mathematical Operations occupations, and Architecture and Engineering occupations each maintained 3 to 7 percent of the other positions certified for educational employers. The remaining occupations individually accounted for 2 percent or less each for the positions certified for educational employers. H-1B Education Certifications, by Type and Institution 254 5,352 Junior Colleges Elementary and Secondary Schools 22,795 Colleges, Universities and Professional Schools Total H-1B Education Position Certified: 30,292 39 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION In FY 2015, the States with the highest demand from educational employers each had at least 3000 certified positions.

New York, Texas, and California saw the highest demand from educational employers in FY 2015. Even though New York has had the most positions certified with 3,917, still showed another steep decrease in annual positions certified for the State since its peak in FY 2012 when it had 10,933 positions certified. The New York City Department of Education, which seems to account for most of the fluctuations in the numbers, was responsible for more than 34 percent of all the positions certified. In New York, Maryland, and Michigan the top three educational employers in each State received over half of the total positions certified for educational employers in that State.

H-1B Education Certifications Compared to All H-1B Certifications 1,142,857 1,173,149 1,200,000 1,000,000 80,0000 600,000 400,000 s 200,000 d n a s u o h T 30,292 0 Total H1-B Education Position Certified Total Non-Education Certifications Total H-1B Positions Certified H-1B Education Certifications by SOC Occupation Code SOC CODE SOC CODE OCCUPATION WITH EDUCATION OCCUPATIONS 25-0000 19-0000 15-0000 29-0000 17-0000 11-0000 13-0000 27-0000 21-0000 39-0000 43-0000 23-0000 31-0000 41-0000 49-0000 51-0000 53-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations Life, Physical, and Social Science occupation Computer and Mathematical Occupations Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations Architecture and Engineering Occupations Management Occupations Business and Financial Operation Occupations Arts Design, Entertainments, Sports, and Media Community and Social Service Occupations Personal Care and Service Occupations Office and administrative Support Legal Health Care Support Sales and Related Transportation and Warehousing Information Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Total H-1B Education Position Certified Total H-1B Positions Certified Percent of H-1B Education Positions Certified TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED 14,191 8,628 2,076 2,212 1,007 670 631 414 314 35 73 20 13 4 2 1 1 30,292 1,173,149 2.6% 40 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT PERCENT OF TOTAL EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 46.85% 28.48% 6.85% 7.30% 3.32% 2.21% 2.08% 1.37% 1.04% 0.12% 0.24% 0.07% 0.04% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% Top 10 States for H-1B Education Certifications and Top Three Employers for Each State STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY STATE TOP THREE STATE EMPLOYERS TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY EMPLOYER IN CORRESPONDING STATE New York City Department of Education 1,347 New York 3,917 Columbia University New York University Dallas Independent School District Texas 3,359 Baylor College of Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University California 3,237 University of California, San Francisco University of California, Los Angeles Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 1,310 University of Pittsburgh The Pennsylvania State University Harvard University Massachusetts 1,195 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trustees of Boston University The University of Chicago Illinois 1,062 Northwestern University University of Illinois at Chicago John Hopkins University Maryland 1,003 Baltimore City Public Schools University of Maryland College Park Emory University Georgia 940 The University of Georgia Georgia Institute of Technology University of Florida Florida 934 University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine The Florida State University University of Michigan Michigan 889 Michigan State University Wayne State University 203 176 262 262 174 284 192 177 240 200 145 244 162 90 188 177 166 344 204 148 210 93 85 202 78 72 424 140 71 41 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION H-2A Temporary Labor Certification for Agricultural Workers The H-2A nonimmigrant program is designed to provide our Nation’s farms with short-term agricultural labor when the number of available domestic workers is insufficient. H-2A labor certification is generally granted for activities lasting 10 months or less. Most occupations (e.g., field hand) require unskilled or low-skilled labor, while a few (e.g., combine operators) require specialized skills. There is no yearly limit (cap) on the number of foreign workers who may be issued H-2A visas.

An employer seeking to employ agricultural workers under the H-2A program files an H-2A Application for Temporary Employment Certification with OFLC and performs recruitment activities to conduct a test of the labor market for U.S. workers subsequent to the filing of the application. In FY 2015, OFLC certified 139,832 positions. There was an increase of 18 percent in the number of positions requested for H-2A job opportunities and an increase of almost 9 percent in the number of H-2A temporary employment certification applications certified in FY 2015 over FY 2014. Summary of H-2A Specialty Occupations Program VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 % CHANGE H-2A Determinations Labor Certification Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified 8,047 7,845 90,362 85,248 8,388 8,118 105,735 98,821 9,405 9,152 123,528 116,689 10,339 9,962 145,874 139,832 9.93% 8.85% 18.09% 19.83% 42 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT States with More Than 2,000 H-2A Certifications In FY 2015, employers applied for 145,874 agricultural labor positions, and OFLC certified 139,832.

This represented an 18 percent increase in requested positions and an almost 20 percent increase in positions certified in FY 2015 over the previous fiscal year. OFLC certified over 2,000 positions for work in 17 States. Of these States, Florida, North Carolina, Georgia, Washington, California, Louisiana, Kentucky, and New York had the greatest demand, with over 5,000 positions certified for each State. After eight consecutive years, North Carolina is no longer the top state for H-2A positions certified.

This year, Florida is the new top state for H-2A positions certified with 17,942 certified positions. Top 25 H-2A Crops and Occupations Certified States with More Than 2,000 Positions Certified PRIMARY CROPS/OCCUPATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED EMPLOYER LOCATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED Florida North Carolina Georgia Washington California Louisiana Kentucky New York Arizona South Carolina Virginia Mississippi Tennessee Texas Arkansas Idaho Michigan 17,942 17,696 14,393 11,844 8,591 7,787 6,722 5,039 3,763 3,594 3,347 3,325 2,983 2,856 2,552 2,356 2,226 Tobacco Berries Apples Hay and Straw Oranges Melons Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Agricultural Equipment Operators Fruits and Vegetables Onions Sweet Potatoes Lettuce Livestock Cucumbers Squash Corn Sugarcane General Farm Workers Tomatoes Trees Pears Grains Peaches Peppers Construction of Livestock Buildings 14,544 12,520 7,507 6,989 5,882 5,843 5,109 4,974 4,639 4,610 4,398 4,300 3,738 3,696 3,468 3,426 3,403 3,393 2,894 2,783 2,735 2,579 2,493 2,193 1,969 All Others 19,747 43 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 Employers with Most H-2A Certified Workers In FY 2015, the North Carolina Growers Association, Inc. was the largest requestor of H-2A workers, having 11,767 certified positions and accounting for 66 percent of North Carolina’s H-2A positions. The next largest petitioner was the Washington Farm Labor Association with 7,895 certified positions and accounting for almost 67 percent of Washington’s H-2A positions. Fresh Harvest, Inc. is the third largest petitioner with 3,176 certified positions and accounting for nearly 37 percent of Washington’s H-2A positions.

Top 10 Employers with the Most H-2A Certified Workers EMPLOYERS POSITIONS CERTIFIED North Carolina Growers Association 11,767 Washington Farm Labor Association Fresh Harvest, Inc. Zirkle Fruit Company Rodrigo Gutierrez-Tapia Virginia Agricultural Growers Associations R & R Harvesting, Inc. Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. H2A Complete II, Inc. Sierra Cascade Nursery, Inc. Top 10 Cities for H-2A 7,895 3,176 2,889 2,308 1,626 1,578 1,565 1,533 1,305 TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY North Carolina Growers Association 11,733 CITY Vass, NC Arcadia, FL Prosser, WA Yuma, AZ Brewster, WA Yerington, NV Plant City, FL Lyons, GA Lake Park, GA 11,733 2,410 2,264 2,255 1,868 1,835 1,730 1,686 1,486 H2A Complete II, Inc. Zirkle Fruit Company Foothills Packing, Inc. Washington Farm Labor Association Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. Temp Labor, LLC Joel A. Salgado Tycor Farms, LLC 468 2,264 853 1,868 1,565 649 368 410 725 Winter Haven, FL 836 Overlook Harvesting Company 44 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT All States Ranked by Number of H-2A Positions Certified STATE Florida North Carolina Georgia Washington California Louisiana Kentucky New York Arizona South Carolina Virginia Mississippi Tennessee Texas Arkansas Idaho Michigan Nevada Colorado Iowa North Dakota Indiana Minnesota Ohio Missouri POSITIONS CERTIFIED 17,942 17,696 14,393 11,844 8,591 7,787 6,722 5,039 3,763 3,594 3,347 3,325 2,983 2,856 2,552 2,356 2,226 1,940 1,717 1,361 1,340 1,266 1,177 1,027 839 STATE Illinois New Jersey Utah Pennsylvania Kansas South Dakota Alabama Nebraska Maine Maryland Montana Oregon Vermont Oklahoma Connecticut Massachusetts Wisconsin Wyoming New Mexico Delaware New Hampshire West Virginia Hawaii Alaska Rhode Island POSITIONS CERTIFIED 809 806 790 777 773 751 735 703 666 657 614 575 507 501 478 459 448 326 244 231 166 72 40 15 6 45 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION H-2B Temporary Labor Certification for Non-Agricultural Workers The H-2B nonimmigrant program provides an avenue for employers to hire foreign workers to perform temporary, nonagricultural services or labor on a one-time, seasonal, peakload, or intermittent basis. Under the regulations applicable in the first two quarters of 2015, the employer’s seasonable, peakload, or intermittent labor need must have been 10 months or less. Under the 2015 Interim Final Rule, applicable in the third and fourth quarters of FY 2015, the employer’s seasonal, peakload, or intermittent labor need must have been nine months or less. Under both rules, an employer’s need for labor resulting from a one-time occurrence could equal three years or less.

H-2B occupations range across industries, including landscaping services, seafood processors, mobile carnivals, construction, housekeeping, hospitality, and forestry. In FY 2015, OFLC rendered 6,521 total application determinations, which constitutes a 19.3 percent increase over FY 2014. Of those determinations, 5,112 were decisions to certify the application, an increase of 10.22 percent over FY 2014. Applicants requested OFLC certify a total of 126,138 positions, a 17.10 percent increase over FY 2014.

Of those requested positions, OFLC certified 101,765, an 8.67 percent increase over FY 2014. OFLC’s final certification rate for requested positions was approximately 81 percent. Summary of H-2B Temporary Labor Certification Program VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 % CHANGE Determinations H-2B Labor Certification Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified 4,211 3,563 4,710 3,990 5,464 4,638 6,521 5,112 19.34% 10.22% 94,538 98,402 107,719 126,138 17.10% 75,458 82,307 93,649 101,765 8.67% 46 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Employers with the Most H-2B Certifications The employer with the most certified positions was TruGreen Landcare, which had 1,319 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker positions certified. Rounding out the top five employers by number of positions certified were Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC; Superior Forestry Service, Inc.; Alpha Services, LLC; and The Brickman Group, Ltd., LLC For these employers, OFLC certified 959 Seafood Cutters and Trimmers, 947 Forest and Conservation Workers, 883 Forest and Conservation Workers, and 872 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers, respectively.

Employers with the Most H-2B Certified Workers EMPLOYER NAME TruGreen Landcare Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC Superior Forestry Service, Inc. Alpha Services, LLC The Brickman Group, Ltd., LLC POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY EMPLOYER TOP OCCUPATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED IN OCCUPATION BY EMPLOYER 1,319 959 947 883 872 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker 1,319 Cutters and Trimmers, Hand Forest and Conservation Workers Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker 959 947 883 872 47 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION States with More than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions Fifteen States had over 2,500 positions certified during the fiscal year. For the fourth consecutive year, the highest number of applications and positions certified originated in Texas, most commonly for Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers in cities like Austin, Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas. Florida, Colorado, Louisiana, and Maryland constituted the remainder of the top five, with 301, 214, 213, and 188 applications certified, respectively. OFLC certified a total of 6,847 positions for Florida; 4,861 for Colorado; 4,660 for Louisiana; and 4,586 for Maryland.

States with More Than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified STATE Texas Florida Colorado Louisiana Maryland 392 198 204 176 133 Pennsylvania 144 Virginia 293 North Carolina 127 New York Arkansas 245 37 New Jersey 151 Massachusetts 87 California Georgia Missouri 79 38 91 10,638 4,837 3,226 4,757 3,674 3,075 3,233 3,539 2,592 2,157 2,319 2,188 1,573 1,085 1,783 445 236 222 172 142 142 296 164 251 40 177 98 110 43 124 11,416 5,792 3,359 3,862 3,348 2,992 3,159 4,490 2,506 1,698 2,517 2,714 2,411 1,818 2,246 529 275 182 209 156 239 156 114 328 50 182 285 129 49 135 14,517 6,512 3,701 4,888 3,828 3,722 3,417 3,245 3,218 2,684 2,604 2,798 2,709 1,779 2,397 593 301 214 213 188 251 159 123 332 54 176 309 136 71 149 15,075 6,847 4,861 4,660 4,586 3,659 3,484 3,412 3,263 2,810 2,764 2,761 2,754 2,737 2,671 48 • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 H-2B Occupations The most frequently requested H-2B occupation in FY 2015, as in FY 2014, was Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker, representing 41 percent of all H-2B positions certified in FY 2015. The next occupation with the greatest number of certified positions, Forest and Conservation Workers, accounted for eight percent of certified positions. Top 10 H-2B Certified Occupations OCCUPATIONAL TITLE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE ANNUAL WAGE Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 2,084 Forest and Conservation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Construction Laborers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Waiters and Waitresses Packers and Packagers, Hand Cooks, Restaurant Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 120 228 374 182 81 127 45 154 169 Top 10 Employer Cities for H-2B By Positions Certified CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY Austin, TX Houston, TX Mackinac Island, MI Sitka, AK San Antonio, TX Tilly, AR Dallas, TX Phoenix, AZ Rockville, MD Lincoln, NE 1,920 1,412 975 960 957 947 929 906 897 845 TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY Benchmark Landscapes, Inc. Bio Landscape and Maintenance, Inc. Grand Hotel, LLC Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC Maldonado Nursery & Landscaping, Inc. Superior Forestry Service, Inc. Precision Landscape Management, LP ELS Maintenance, Inc. The Brickman Group, Ltd., LLC Landscaping and Groundkeeping Workers 446 320 522 959 235 947 201 115 872 745 42,104 8,409 6,906 6,667 3,619 2,822 2,062 1,659 1,539 1,513 TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY $25,585.07 $23,518.86 $18,689.16 $21,858.80 $27,043.54 $20,441.40 $22,448.44 $20,718.73 $25,132.34 $24,557.54 TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Food Preparation Workers Cutters and Trimmers, Hand Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 49 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION 4 Appendices APPENDIX A State Employment-Based Immigration Profiles Alabama State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 671 1,859 82 40 583 1,653 54 35 671 2,604 1,870 807 583 2,444 1,442 735 0.74% 0.31% 1.06% 0.35% 0.74% 0.21% 1.42% 0.53% $25.77 $79,097.69 $22,012.95 $10.00 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Montgomery Birmingham Huntsville Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 313 58 19 $14.03 $39.82 $57.13 Birmingham Montgomery Huntsville 713 588 206 $75,087.08 $73,162.15 $93,983.38 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Sweet Water Birmingham Demopolis Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 292 206 179 $24,200.80 $20,909.20 $22,349.60 Daphne Clanton Union Spring 170 101 80 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Internists, General Mechanical Engineering Technicians Industrial Engineers Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 261 $9.72 17 14 14 14 $96.02 $24.52 $36.52 $29.14 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software 448 226 209 163 108 $70,658.08 $70,933.80 $60,580.08 $78,564.72 $90,461.34 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Forest and Conservation Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Construction Laborers Packers and Packagers, Hand 494 448 206 98 57 $21,467.49 $22,464.00 $22,946.56 $21,642.40 $19,219.20 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Sweet Potatoes Melons Okra Cotton Positions Certified AEWR 364 170 60 41 30 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 52 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Alaska State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 36 183 45 1 31 150 31 1 36 245 1,363 15 31 219 1,269 15 0.04% 0.03% 0.61% 0.01% 0.04% 0.02% 1.25% 0.01% $39.04 $86,542.85 $33,164.59 — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Anchorage Fairbanks Ketchiken Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 24 3 1 $38.64 $43.62 $42.07 Anchorage Fairbanks Juneau 168 27 13 $91,034.80 $89,004.48 $63,165.56 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Sitka Ketchikan Juneau 960 97 91 $22,692.80 $34,590.40 $26,395.20 Anchorage — — 15 — — $10.00 — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary Software Developers, Applications Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Marketing Managers 3 2 2 2 2 $43.62 $28.13 $32.04 $30.84 $41.47 Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Management Analysts Computer Programmers 37 20 20 17 7 $70,892.88 $68,500.00 $69,898.67 $101,333.33 $65,239.20 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified H-2A Cutters and Trimmers, Hand Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Retail Salespersons Food Batchmakers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 959 117 102 28 20 $20,800.00 Tomatoes $22,058.40 $27,809.60 $22,871.68 $29,265.60 — — — — 15 — — — — AEWR $10.00 — — — — 53 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Arizona State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 938 8,654 101 51 806 8,076 68 50 938 20,472 2,868 3,788 806 19,799 2,284 3,763 1.02% 1.43% 1.33% 0.50% 1.02% 1.69% 2.24% 2.69% $41.94 $77,176.44 $22,024.45 $10.54 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Chandler Phoenix Tucson 256 227 68 $39.19 $46.07 $46.45 Phoenix Scottsdale Tempe 13,663 1,839 1,450 $75,070.97 $76,428.57 $74,201.25 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Phoenix Laveen Chandler 906 375 197 $22,003.69 $18,137.60 $25,933.44 Yuma Tonopah Casa Grande 2,255 512 504 $10.54 $10.54 $10.54 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Materials Engineers 214 114 56 45 30 $41.90 $40.40 $42.68 $42.16 $42.69 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Computer And Information Systems Managers 9,011 2,064 1,920 1,779 1,041 $73,035.42 $83,527.17 $71,341.70 $63,980.96 $101,801.20 H-2B Occupation H-2A Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Construction Laborers Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 662 603 492 194 93 $23,252.80 $18,112.00 $24,147.41 $19,131.84 $19,662.93 Lettuce Melons Livestock Spinach Celery Positions Certified 2,066 552 491 200 140 AEWR $10.54 $10.54 $10.54 $10.54 $10.54 54 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Arkansas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 183 3,004 61 175 154 2,804 54 168 183 7,190 2,916 2,604 154 6,895 2,810 2,552 0.20% 0.50% 1.06% 1.69% 0.20% 0.59% 2.76% 1.83% $51.82 $74,475.16 $23,298.31 $10.18 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Little Rock Bentonville Fort Smith 49 37 11 $67.51 $43.28 $78.68 Bentonville Little Rock Van Buren 4,854 923 303 $70,399.56 $74,252.01 $63,724.87 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Tilly Marshall Hermitage 947 772 328 $21,049.60 $28,142.40 $27,268.80 Hermitage Wynne Hamburg 572 236 160 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Family and General Practitioners 32 12 12 10 7 $35.55 $35.42 $129.75 $98.37 $82.76 Computer Systems Analysts 3,476 $69,517.39 Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Web Developers Software Developers, Applications 731 647 436 384 $62,211.77 $69,679.33 $61,833.16 $76,111.94 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Forest and Conservation Workers 1,615 $22,346.13 Tomatoes Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Construction Laborers Amusement and Recreation Attendants 947 $22,054.50 51 45 40 $33,404.80 $24,637.60 $16,983.20 Fruits and Vegetables Grains Agricultural Equipment Operators Rice Positions Certified AEWR 683 287 269 253 215 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 55 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION California State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 21,080 112,277 191 179 18,675 102,100 136 155 21,080 217,456 3,255 9,023 18,675 208,689 2,754 8,591 23.66% 18.53% 2.66% 1.56% 23.66% 17.79% 2.71% 6.14% $51.13 $89,439.58 $28,502.44 $11.33 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name San Jose Mountain View Santa Clara Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,336 1,511 $55.52 $57.19 $57.29 San Francisco San Jose Sunnyvale 26,126 23,397 14,124 $98,817.51 $95,308.23 $93,196.56 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Calabassas Redlands Yreka Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 689 538 158 $25,344.30 $42,491.43 $28,069.60 Santa Maria Watsonville Bard 1,266 916 750 $11.33 $11.33 $11.33 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers 5643 3446 1794 1178 433 $55.67 $55.51 $52.51 $48.40 $73.08 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 44,013 35,114 21,988 $80,004.31 $109,137.00 $79.143.94 Software Developers, Systems Software 18,644 $115,361.91 Computer Programmers 17,985 $68,643.83 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Coaches and Scouts Forest and Conservation Workers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 913 668 602 240 142 $26,389.35 $19,253.00 $41,159.73 $25,001.60 $29,631.09 H-2A Occupation Berries Lettuce Livestock General Farm Workers Grapes Positions Certified AEWR 4,334 1,221 822 319 222 $11.33 $11.33 $11.33 $11.33 $11.33 56 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Colorado State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 718 6,594 251 197 615 5,896 214 194 718 15,734 5,359 1,755 615 15,124 4,861 1,717 0.78% 1.09% 4.19% 1.95% 0.78% 1.29% 4.78% 1.23% $43.46 $76,062.54 $28,207.62 $11.37 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Denver Greenwood Village Englewood 117 86 78 $43.96 $45.93 $46.49 Denver Englewood Colorado Springs 4,808 2,956 1,279 $75,658.74 $76,832.56 $77,147.98 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Aurora Colorado Springs Denver 632 527 482 $27,878.93 $24,008.63 $29,768.27 Palisade Brighton Olathe 296 269 157 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 185 Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Cooks, Restaurant 55 51 26 26 $46.64 $47.96 $46.56 $45.93 $12.90 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications 5,172 1,863 1,707 1,564 $75,798.86 $73,767.70 $68,361.31 $84,848.02 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,024 $94,952.02 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Helpers-Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters Rock Splitters, Quarry Amusement and Recreation Attendants 96 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 3,269 $28,127.59 483 129 118 $24,943.10 $26,540.80 $32,520.80 $18,839.60 H-2A Occupation Livestock Fruits and Vegetables Peaches Corn Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Positions Certified AEWR 358 305 274 160 122 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 57 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Connecticut State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 779 10,044 35 53 686 9,419 28 53 779 25,242 503 457 686 24,399 370 478 0.87% 1.66% 0.55% 0.53% 0.87% 2.08% 0.36% 0.34% $45.98 $79,464.02 $29,328.74 $11.26 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Stamford Hartford Glastonbury 96 54 41 $55.11 $48.27 $43.36 Hartford Stamford Windsor 6,418 5,768 1,364 $77,341.82 $84,532.01 $76,791.32 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Stamford Wolcott Glastonburry 94 74 25 $26,634.40 $31,116.80 $31,865.60 Windsor Lebanon Southington 146 90 26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 211 Computer Systems Analysts Financial Analysts Statisticians Internists, General 53 30 21 17 $44.19 $43.16 $62.41 $42.61 $80.01 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Applications Web Developers 8,933 3,583 2,419 1,605 822 $77,486.35 $70,590.38 $78,888.02 $85,837.46 $68,543.84 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Waiters and Waitresses Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Plasterers and Stucco Masons Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 295 $29,363.03 34 20 7 5 $22,516.00 $22,484.80 $56,118.40 $26,395.20 H-2A Occupation Tobacco Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Apples Fruits and Vegetables Horses Positions Certified AEWR 173 111 69 65 15 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 58 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Delaware State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 336 3,738 25 8 308 3,498 24 8 336 8,053 393 231 308 7,845 345 231 0.39% 0.62% 0.47% 0.08% 0.39% 0.67% 0.34% 0.17% $47.47 $77,055.97 $26,333.67 $11.29 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Wilmington Newark New Castle Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 127 120 22 $45.61 $46.04 $51.32 Wilmington Newark New Castle 5,454 1,640 435 $76,217.57 $72,326.66 $75,740.32 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Wilmington New Castle Milton Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 92 60 48 $25,779.00 $29,140.80 $23,868.00 Millsboro Laurel Bridgeville 90 62 61 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 133 Computer Systems Analysts Network and Computer Systems Administrators Statisticians Software Developers, Systems Software 47 18 16 11 $47.47 $43.59 $36.44 $41.44 $48.93 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Management Analysts 3,260 1,087 1,037 744 244 $70,800.40 $70,249.05 $69,111.39 $91,045.52 $78,143.74 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Painters, Construction and Maintenance 47 16 10 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery 7 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 265 $26,159.47 H-2A Occupation Melons $38,251.20 $23,056.80 $18,720.00 $19,801.60 Agricultural Equipment Operators Beans Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Grains Positions Certified AEWR 189 12 12 8 6 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 59 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION District of Columbia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 449 3,992 4 53 405 3,598 1 53 449 5,845 4 457 405 5,586 1 478 0.51% 0.66% 0.02% 0.53% 0.51% 0.48% 0.00% 0.34% $45.91 $79,233.21 $24,960.00 $11.26 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Washington, DC — — 405 — — $45.20 — — Washington, DC 5,662 $79,195.32 — — — — — — H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Washington, DC — — 1 — — $24,960.00 — — — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Economists Accountants and Auditors Computer Systems Analysts Cooks, Restaurant 62 58 16 14 11 $48.42 $61.46 $38.77 $50.32 $12.86 Computer Systems Analysts 1,254 $77,783.07 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Management Analysts 759 578 357 272 $68,201.68 $90,286.23 $104,391.71 $81,370.87 H-2B Occupation Childcare Workers — — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified AEWR H-2A 1 — — — — $24,960.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 60 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Florida State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2,529 19,967 370 204 2,162 18,471 301 192 2,529 40,609 8,597 18,740 2,162 39,082 6,847 17,942 2.74% 3.30% 5.89% 1.93% 2.74% 3.33% 6.73% $41.81 $72,915.09 $23,785.58 12.83% $10.19 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Miami Tampa Jacksonville 393 326 141 $45.48 $38.74 $43.35 Tampa Miami Jacksonville 7,815 4,790 4,748 $72,190.98 $73,240.68 $71,501.76 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Boca Raton Naples Orlando Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 517 463 386 $25,244.54 $25,105.60 $20,589.92 Arcadia Plant City Avon Park 2,410 1,730 1,270 $10.19 $10.19 $10.19 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Financial Managers Accountants and Auditors Marketing Managers 581 134 66 59 52 $39.89 $43.53 $54.59 $34.03 $60.02 Computer Systems Analysts 12,803 $71,551.19 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications 4,849 3,857 $63,435.26 $77,544.70 Software Developers, Systems Software 3,616 $79,037.70 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,731 $71,030.61 H-2B Occupation Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,417 1,136 $20,502.56 $21,664.00 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 1,066 $18,923.38 Waiters and Waitresses Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 685 589 $23,007.86 $22,550.17 H-2A Occupation Oranges Berries Citrus Melons Grapefruits Positions Certified AEWR 5,873 2,860 1,741 1,608 1,559 $10.19 $10.19 $10.19 $10.19 $10.19 61 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Georgia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2,502 22,860 96 204 2,145 21,210 71 192 2,502 45,382 3,433 18,740 2,145 43,559 2,737 17,942 2.72% 3.77% 1.39% 1.93% 2.72% 3.71% 2.69% $38.91 $72,793.03 $24,165.21 12.83% $10.19 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Atlanta Alpharetta Norcross 691 363 160 $46.00 $43.44 $41.35 Atlanta Alpharetta Columbus 27,907 5,963 1,270 $75,331.08 $70,091.60 $67,583.74 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Norcross Ringgold Baxley 410 254 215 $25,882.13 $20,092.80 $25,188.80 Lyons Lake Park Glennville 1,686 1,486 1,165 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Computer and Information Systems Managers Accountants and Auditors 738 206 164 103 50 $44.28 $40.43 $9.36 $60.35 $33.49 Computer Systems Analysts 15,288 $69,880.64 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 6,560 5,690 3,876 $67,117.81 $77,066.28 $76,952.51 Software Developers, Systems Software 2,383 $94,275.28 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation H-2A Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers Construction Laborers 840 793 187 154 115 $19,933.96 $24,629.43 $20,316.40 $33,696.00 $27,445.60 Onions Berries Melons Squash Cucumbers Positions Certified AEWR 3,892 1,771 1,714 1,304 1,202 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 62 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Guam State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 58 498 — — 51 434 — — 58 551 — — 51 476 — — 0.06% 0.08% — — 0.06% 0.04% — — $23.84 $55,972.37 — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Tamuning Harmon Dededo Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 24 7 6 $24.95 $20.23 $18.89 Tamuning Dededo Barrigada 189 87 61 $58,751.57 $67,462.63 $45,766.85 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Civil Engineers Accountants and Auditors Financial Managers Construction Managers Architectural and Engineering Managers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 8 5 4 4 2 $20.12 $23.77 $22.19 $17.82 $40.80 Occupation Civil Engineers Accountants And Auditors Electrical Engineers Mechanical Engineers Medical And Clinical Laboratory Technologists H-2B Occupation — — — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 116 48 47 39 24 $44,140.41 $36,268.53 $47,995.50 $46,268.27 $39,495.17 Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 63 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Hawaii State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 81 544 3 5 74 454 1 5 81 819 3 40 74 742 1 40 0.09% 0.09% 0.02% 0.05% 0.09% 0.06% 0.00% 0.03% $32.79 $70,502.52 $47,840.00 $12.98 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Honolulu Kapolei Kealakekua 56 5 2 $33.75 $23.46 $22.06 Honolulu Hilo Mililani 642 27 25 $68,921.40 $61,352.15 $61,781.25 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Kailua — — 1 — — $47,840.00 — — Kunia Kea'au Pahala 30 4 3 $12.98 $12.98 $12.98 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Marketing Managers Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary Cooks, Restaurant Accountants and Auditors 5 5 3 3 3 $40.94 $34.67 $23.77 $22.62 $30.88 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 147 66 47 47 45 $73,106.99 $67,608.07 $75,046.20 $75,916.44 $67,773.33 H-2B Occupation Self-Enrichment Education Teachers — — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1 — — — — $47,840.00 — — — — H-2A Occupation Melons Livestock Bees Oranges — Positions Certified AEWR 30 5 4 1 — $12.98 $12.98 $12.98 $12.98 — 64 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Idaho State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 101 766 45 426 90 704 35 414 101 1,439 2,060 2,397 90 1,375 1,780 2,356 0.11% 0.13% 0.68% 4.16% 0.11% 0.12% 1.75% 1.68% $40.19 $75,001.01 $28,874.81 $11.14 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Boise Moscow Pocatello 61 5 5 $39.14 $33.80 $32.65 Boise Pocatello Meridian 1,205 35 28 $76,265.75 $56,922.80 $84,007.26 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Coeur d'Alene Hayden Jerome Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 1,001 188 110 $18,737.33 $22,370.40 $24,658.40 Hamer Rupert Idaho Falls 413 158 121 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Materials Engineers Architectural and Engineering Managers Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Accountants and Auditors 24 16 5 4 3 $41.22 $39.93 $49.67 $25.70 $32.64 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications 228 189 145 109 92 $71,204.52 $65,252.56 $69,240.35 $93,834.82 $73,340.37 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers Packers and Packagers, Hand Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Rock Splitters, Quarry 1,352 210 77 50 40 $20,899.20 $19,718.40 $29,749.94 $20,342.40 $35,464.00 H-2A Occupation Hay and Straw Potatoes Grains Livestock Corn Positions Certified AEWR 618 574 348 234 226 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 65 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Illinois State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 3,657 32,434 96 56 3,295 30,112 70 44 3,657 69,675 1,865 906 3,295 67,619 1,543 809 4.17% 5.35% 1.37% 0.44% 4.17% 5.76% 1.52% 0.58% $44.17 $73,974.54 $26,525.05 $11.61 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Chicago Rosemont Schaumburg 1,078 219 179 $45.69 $48.28 $41.65 Chicago Schaumburg Bloomington 26,793 3,649 3,555 $76,301.89 $69,336.16 $68,355.02 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Wauconda Hoffman Estates Caseyville Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 168 168 100 $26,457.60 $17,451.20 $23,989.33 Keenes Prophetstown Cobden 224 93 64 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Software Developers, Systems Software Mechanical Engineers 1225 363 149 124 84 $43.31 $41.61 $57.84 $45.32 $40.06 Computer Systems Analysts 17,672 $71,735.61 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 9,344 8,208 6,914 $64,240.73 $77,796.03 $70,319.72 Software Developers, Systems Software 4,706 $90,744.45 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Helpers-Roofers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Waiters and Waitresses 829 412 149 44 30 $26,024.08 $19,213.53 $28,163.20 $22,505.60 $20,961.20 H-2A Occupation Corn Agricultural Equipment Operators Construction of Livestock Buildings General Farm Workers Fruits and Vegetables Positions Certified AEWR 198 151 147 113 112 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 66 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Indiana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 531 6,088 53 42 471 5,451 38 38 531 12,286 1,252 1,326 471 11,888 1,039 1,266 0.60% 1.00% 0.74% 0.38% 0.60% 1.01% 1.02% 0.91% $46.29 $75,828.49 $22,120.25 $11.61 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Indianapolis Columbus West Lafayette Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 128 123 23 $44.56 $38.87 $42.00 Indianapolis Columbus Carmel 5,000 1,864 672 $73,598.33 $71,871.36 $74,277.75 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Farmland Indianapolis Carmel Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 286 261 73 $17,596.80 $24,042.91 $23,358.40 City Name Tippecanoe Vincennes Oaktown Positions Certified AEWR 350 201 144 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Mechanical Engineers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Systems Analysts Electrical Engineers 65 38 32 30 23 $45.17 $38.28 $38.23 $40.05 $39.30 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 3,822 1,240 957 710 601 $67,762.69 $62,993.73 $74,433.68 $68,693.92 $79,373.43 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 584 $24,067.41 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 299 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Cooks, Short Order Helpers-Roofers 57 20 15 $17,534.40 $18,595.20 $21,153.60 $26,291.20 H-2A Occupation Corn Melons Fruits and Vegetables Berries Apples Positions Certified AEWR 682 369 80 21 21 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 67 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Iowa State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 333 3,193 31 87 303 2,901 20 81 333 6,094 272 1,497 303 5,858 211 1,361 0.38% 0.53% 0.39% 0.81% 0.38% 0.50% 0.21% 0.97% $49.56 $76,967.88 $27,114.88 $12.62 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Cedar Rapids Iowa City Clive Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 55 50 33 $44.02 $61.30 $39.61 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Des Moines Cedar Rapids Iowa City Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,898 1,643 363 $70,382.01 $74,600.67 $85,066.55 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Algona Decorah Graettinger 49 27 25 $31,543.20 $28,946.67 $24,273.60 Conesville Waterloo Lawler 331 99 83 $12.62 $12.62 $12.62 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Internists, General 87 17 16 14 12 $39.10 $38.62 $41.42 $127.09 $99.07 Computer Systems Analysts 2,335 $68,653.27 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 774 561 363 194 $62,000.60 $75,815.29 $62,842.45 $84,996.43 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Positions Certified AEWR Construction Laborers Helpers—Production Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Agricultural Equipment Operators Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 116 40 18 12 10 $31,045.16 $24,939.20 $23,119.20 $34,049.60 $22,110.40 Construction of Livestock Buildings Corn Fruits and Vegetables Agricultural Equipment Operators General Farm Workers 661 446 99 77 30 $12.62 $12.62 $12.62 $12.62 $12.62 68 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Kansas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 339 2,570 65 118 306 2,353 56 115 339 5,085 1,443 795 306 4,880 1,242 773 0.39% 0.42% 1.10% 1.15% 0.39% 0.42% 1.22% 0.55% $42.16 $75,914.12 $26,803.03 $13.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Overland Park Wichita Lenexa Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 135 38 22 $40.47 $52.00 $39.27 Overland Park Topeka Wichita 1,823 985 876 $71,085.17 $86,744.14 $73,117.63 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Lenexa Gardner Olathe 574 179 152 $26,926.96 $26,374.40 $27,589.12 Hays Syracuse Great Bend 68 42 32 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Electrical Engineers Materials Engineers Computer Programmers 91 37 13 11 11 $43.16 $38.97 $42.42 $33.42 $29.28 Computer Systems Analysts 1,390 $68,539.80 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Occupations, All Other 728 567 382 353 $64,555.50 $80,915.43 $85,062.57 $73,542.25 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Positions Certified AEWR Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Recreation Workers Construction Laborers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers 660 484 64 20 10 $26,083.20 $26,952.07 $28,121.60 $17,742.40 $17,908.80 Agricultural Equipment Operators Grains Construction of Livestock Buildings Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Squash 322 288 44 20 20 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 69 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Kentucky State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 384 2,384 90 1,089 332 2,257 62 1,076 384 7,718 1,056 6,790 332 7,519 730 6,722 0.42% 0.39% 1.21% 10.80% 0.42% 0.64% 0.72% 4.81% $44.31 $77,510.71 $24,897.26 $10.28 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Louisville Lexington Pikeville 218 41 8 $37.03 $46.63 $157.05 Louisville Lexington Frankfort 4,454 946 790 $70,551.47 $76,041.99 $68,492.87 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Lexington Louisville Paducah 182 105 86 $25,975.73 $24,044.80 $22,224.80 Murray Hopkinsville Cadiz 386 341 259 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 134 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Network and Computer Systems Administrators Computer Systems Analysts Database Administrators 22 19 16 11 $43.16 $38.25 $42.42 $47.34 $33.42 Computer Systems Analysts 2,510 $68,933.30 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Occupations, All Other 797 737 656 464 $62,126.41 $72,700.50 $83,525.48 $68,281.06 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Helpers-Carpenters Helpers-Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 462 $23,642.11 87 40 28 27 $23,215.25 $16,744.00 $27,570.40 $31,330.00 H-2A Occupation Tobacco Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Hay and Straw General Farm Workers Horses Positions Certified 5,213 797 453 83 78 AEWR $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 70 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Louisiana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 327 2,663 271 734 282 2,270 213 719 327 3,806 5,925 8,211 282 3,460 4,660 7,787 0.36% 0.44% 4.17% 7.22% 0.36% 0.29% 4.58% 5.57% $38.89 $74,811.63 $25,084.41 $10.18 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Baton Rouge New Orleans Ruston Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 82 29 27 $39.85 $34.96 $41.45 Baton Rouge New Orleans Lafayette 1,537 553 252 $72,046.23 $70,495.27 $83,030.37 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Baton Rouge Slidell Youngsville Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 525 504 236 $24,151.51 $22,321.00 $35,224.80 Delhi Jeanerette White Castle 628 599 555 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Civil Engineers Cooks, Restaurant Architectural and Engineering Managers Electrical Engineers 80 14 11 9 9 $41.07 $40.61 $12.43 $55.95 $43.16 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Financial Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software 748 734 264 145 136 $73,731.39 $67,840.73 $80,309.33 $74,641.73 $91,281.74 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Packers and Packagers, Hand Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers Construction Laborers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,466 $22,461.31 793 531 226 219 $20,298.35 $19,997.90 $24,960.00 $29,064.53 H-2A Occupation Sugarcane Crawfish Sweet Potatoes Agricultural Equipment Operators Rice Positions Certified AEWR 2,902 1,230 934 630 377 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 71 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Maine State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 110 706 174 67 103 667 153 63 110 1,122 1,580 754 103 1,094 1,432 666 0.13% 0.12% 2.99% 0.63% 0.13% 0.09% 1.41% 0.48% $68.49 $90,360.63 $11.26 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Portland Bangor Orono 31 21 9 $41.17 $130.90 $39.92 Portland South Portland Augusta 488 106 93 $73,681.94 $73,957.12 $88,299.68 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Ogunquit Bar Harbor Ellsworth 295 209 109 $21,181.87 $21,210.06 $20,533.07 Cherryfield Presque Isle Caribou 155 115 114 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Software Developers, Applications Internists, General Computer Programmers Pharmacists Anesthesiologists Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 22 17 10 6 5 $44.17 $101.29 $39.99 $65.75 $166.35 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Internists, General 394 144 135 91 43 $71,288.84 $76,945.90 $63,395.60 $71,297.52 $213,060.21 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Cooks, Restaurant Forest and Conservation Workers Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 625 148 130 67 59 $20,815.78 $23,924.73 $28,163.20 $18,869.76 $27,414.40 H-2A Occupation Apples Berries Fruits and Vegetables Broccoli Agricultural Equipment Operators Positions Certified AEWR 150 140 137 112 105 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 72 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Maryland State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,329 10,780 244 60 1,140 9,803 188 56 1,329 17,751 5,575 674 1,140 17,072 4,586 657 1.44% 1.78% 3.68% 0.56% 1.44% 1.46% 4.51% 0.47% $40.68 $75,025.72 $25,057.03 $11.29 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Baltimore Columbia Rockville 217 135 102 $34.34 $42.87 $43.07 Baltimore Columbia Bethesda 3,400 2,924 2,010 $70,506.32 $78,443.62 $75,877.32 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Rockville Owings Mills Fishing Creek Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 897 582 324 $25,515.10 $27,062.88 $23,628.80 Kennedyville Delmar Chesapeake City 105 70 46 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 312 Computer Systems Analysts Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Accountants and Auditors Network and Computer Systems Administrators 99 35 31 26 $48.85 $42.25 $22.98 $33.14 $42.83 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 5,924 2,118 1,822 926 619 $71,707.56 $64,178.11 $87,551.69 $85,679.06 $89,521.86 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,847 $24,697.68 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 548 $20,163.52 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids 445 147 132 $22,322.56 $23,830.30 $26,897.37 H-2A Occupation Positions Certified AEWR Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 224 Fruits and Vegetables Melons Horses General Farm Workers 83 70 54 46 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 73 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Massachusetts State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2,933 23,134 352 120 2,656 20,936 309 118 2,933 47,542 2,985 466 2,656 45,414 2,761 459 3.36% 3.82% 6.04% 1.18% 3.36% 3.87% 2.71% 0.33% $49.58 $80,521.39 $27,617.01 $11.26 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Boston Cambridge Woburn 484 194 191 $51.97 $51.94 $52.61 Boston Cambridge Springfield 13,861 3,065 1,731 $79,512.97 $82,748.79 $83,250.40 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Nantucket Provincetown Wellfleet Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 640 272 125 $29,498.66 $25,938.79 $23,878.40 Lunenburg Sterling Harvard 43 31 26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1052 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers 294 143 80 75 $49.80 $45.21 $51.25 $47.93 $66.07 Computer Systems Analysts 11,794 $76,367.84 Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers 5,929 4,471 4,077 $89,986.92 $78,173.19 $67,589.23 Software Developers, Systems Software 2,403 $102,736.80 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers Cooks, Restaurant Food Preparation Workers Waiters and Waitresses 600 248 247 200 197 $26,875.11 Fruits and Vegetables $30,795.56 $28,885.46 $23,805.60 $26,062.40 Apples Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Squash Tobacco Positions Certified AEWR 158 158 50 18 17 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 74 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Michigan State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2,544 18,131 172 55 2,330 16,674 141 50 2,544 30,184 2,607 2,608 2,330 29,041 2,267 2,226 2.95% 2.99% 2.76% 0.50% 2.95% 2.48% 2.23% 1.59% $42.34 $72,687.53 $23,353.91 $11.56 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Troy Farmington Hills Southfield 419 393 220 $41.03 $38.80 $38.95 Troy Detroit Farmington Hills 4,183 3,105 2,579 $66,490.72 $77,454.67 $68,646.55 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Mackinac Island Mackinaw City Acme 975 240 100 $20,772.15 $20,449.87 $20,644.00 Kent City Sodus Carleton 339 265 225 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Mechanical Engineers Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Electrical Engineers 977 229 216 136 55 $38.99 $42.00 $43.64 $39.70 $41.18 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Mechanical Engineers 7,217 4,110 3,945 2,276 1,663 $68,537.14 $74,381.05 $61,999.94 $70,831.26 $77,318.39 H-2B Occupation H-2A Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified AEWR Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Waiters and Waitresses Food Preparation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants 564 498 176 174 144 $26,677.30 $20,159.36 $20,404.80 $19,851.52 $18,736.64 Apples Trees Melons Corn General Farm Workers 532 350 225 204 174 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 75 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Minnesota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 674 9,926 95 108 621 9,285 69 96 674 22,380 1,694 1,390 621 21,683 1,297 1,177 0.79% 1.64% 1.35% 0.96% 0.79% 1.85% 1.27% 0.84% $50.89 $75,453.03 $26,672.23 $11.56 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Minneapolis Bloomington Eagan Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 144 53 43 $49.41 $44.74 $44.67 Minneapolis Richfield Brooklyn Park 8,513 1,739 1,271 $74,722.73 $72,296.65 $72,894.84 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Fergus Falls Medina Hancock Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 189 135 83 $25,382.93 $30,108.00 $31,304.00 Newport Morris Foley 181 147 100 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 183 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Mechanical Engineers 51 28 24 23 $45.70 $41.82 $48.54 $38.57 $42.02 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Applications 5,681 3,910 3,418 2,026 $73,330.12 $65,412.83 $69,342.97 $83,721.45 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,234 $93,343.64 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Team Assemblers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Packers and Packagers, Hand Construction Laborers 381 175 163 150 113 $27,754.13 $31,033.60 $17,859.40 $24,554.40 $33,401.33 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Agricultural Equipment Operators Hay and Straw Fruits and Vegetables Grains Positions Certified AEWR 296 167 127 125 102 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 76 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Mississippi State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 226 790 53 50 89 683 43 48 226 1,014 2,269 844 89 936 1,855 839 0.11% 0.13% 0.84% 0.48% 0.11% 0.08% 1.82% 0.60% $32.35 $94,663.02 $24,885.02 $10.18 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Itta Bena Jackson Mississippi State 27 7 6 $8.19 $48.51 $30.84 Jackson Ridgeland Starkville 219 132 83 $89,981.87 $68,886.58 $135,971.21 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Corinth Ackerman Pass Christian 704 165 149 $20,092.80 $25,318.80 $18,595.20 Lucedale Vardaman Calhoun City 557 483 393 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 27 Software Developers, Applications Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary 5 5 4 3 $8.19 $32.84 $19.52 $101.76 $56.13 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Physicians And Surgeons, All Other Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Forest and Conservation Workers 1,097 $24,739.87 Sweet Potatoes Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Construction Laborers Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 238 149 107 88 $22,657.14 Berries Agricultural Equipment Operators $18,595.20 Potatoes $24,094.72 $36,836.80 Fruits and Vegetables Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 205 83 75 58 38 $64,050.37 $73,363.60 $66,889.48 $291,101.73 $193,011.06 Positions Certified 1,092 509 319 199 196 AEWR $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 77 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Missouri State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 624 7,140 182 139 568 6,431 149 126 624 12,966 3,233 3,697 568 12,499 2,671 3,325 0.72% 1.18% 2.91% 1.26% 0.72% 1.07% 2.62% 2.38% $44.08 $74,891.52 $26,311.58 $12.62 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name St. Louis North Kansas City Kansas City Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 130 93 66 $48.93 $32.21 $38.48 St. Louis Kansas City O'Fallon 5,473 2,296 1,083 $72,066.52 $73,003.60 $73,709.98 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR St. Louis St. Charles Branson 452 248 179 $28,773.68 $26,026.00 $20,917.24 Farmington Hornersville Savannah 159 90 67 $12.62 $12.62 $12.62 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 265 Computer Systems Analysts Electrical Engineers Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Internists, General 33 21 17 14 $40.83 $41.56 $44.55 $103.22 $98.92 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications 4,095 1,672 1,591 1,510 Software Developers, Systems Software 589 $71,757.01 $71,420.64 $63,972.47 $78,314.82 $95,851.66 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attendants Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Helpers-Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,136 $25,803.04 185 102 95 45 $18,904.60 $17,655.04 $39,908.27 $36,233.60 H-2A Occupation Construction of Livestock Buildings Tomatoes Melons Apples Tobacco Positions Certified AEWR 293 132 115 80 62 $12.62 $12.62 $12.62 $12.62 $12.62 78 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Montana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 28 191 59 247 20 171 39 238 28 424 657 640 20 396 480 614 0.03% 0.03% 0.76% 2.39% 0.03% 0.03% 0.47% 0.44% $52.69 $74,677.68 $22,893.87 $11.14 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Great Falls Butte Billings Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 4 3 3 $69.63 $8.91 $99.74 Helena Harlem Bozeman 134 89 64 $60,000.00 $73,819.25 $61,226.39 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Great Falls West Yellowstone Billings Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 120 96 74 $36,427.73 $19,796.98 $20,184.91 Dillon Wisdom Polson 91 24 21 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Software Developers, Applications Cooks, Restaurant Internists, General Dental Laboratory Tech. 4 3 2 2 1 $8.83 $43.30 $11.24 $90.00 $12.00 Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Management Analysts 70 69 60 36 30 $72,048.20 $60,778.76 $65,014.83 $86,572.00 $52,550.00 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 175 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Construction Laborers Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers 80 70 46 36 $19,625.96 $41,724.80 $35,214.40 $19,084.00 $20,182.93 H-2A Occupation Livestock Hay and Straw Grains Agricultural Equipment Operators Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Positions Certified AEWR 194 169 88 53 26 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 79 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Nebraska State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 286 1,805 66 62 249 1,621 52 60 286 3,670 1,300 726 249 3,438 1,119 703 0.32% 0.30% 1.02% 0.60% 0.32% 0.29% 1.10% 0.50% $38.21 $73,628.80 $13.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Omaha Lincoln Tecumseh 145 27 26 $39.38 $38.53 $11.60 Omaha Lincoln Sidney 2,699 423 82 $72,277.01 $64,250.03 $74,131.84 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Lincoln Scottsbluff Omaha 845 145 40 $26,024.96 $38,590.93 $24,232.00 Minden Lyons Columbus 74 66 66 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 104 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Computer Systems Analysts Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Slaughterers and Meat Packers 26 15 9 7 $38.90 $11.60 $36.53 $102.11 $10.05 Computer Systems Analysts 1,194 $68,339.97 Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 485 339 246 208 $80,949.08 $63,575.69 $70,532.08 $93,390.98 H-2B Occupation H-2A Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified AEWR Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Helpers-Roofers Roofers Amusement and Recreation Attendants 802 130 64 59 18 $25,885.60 $38,070.93 $23,212.80 $34,538.40 $17,430.40 Construction of Livestock Buildings Corn Agricultural Equipment Operators Grains Fruits and Vegetables 200 177 104 72 62 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 80 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Nevada State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 170 1,261 24 59 145 1,107 16 57 170 2,672 999 1,971 145 2,526 665 1,940 0.18% 0.21% 0.31% 0.57% 0.18% 0.22% 0.65% 1.39% $43.36 $78,110.32 $21,126.30 $11.37 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Las Vegas Reno Henderson 87 22 16 $45.43 $37.96 $38.77 Las Vegas Reno Carson City 1,729 386 191 $76,144.13 $78,204.12 $92,626.48 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Las Vegas North Las Vegas Stateline Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 484 70 60 $19,110.00 $20,647.47 $21,964.80 Yerington Ely Gerlach 1,835 36 20 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Accountants and Auditors Civil Engineers Computer Systems Analysts Marketing Managers 33 10 7 7 5 $42.90 $24.77 $35.15 $43.61 $54.71 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Accountants And Auditors 817 279 228 179 144 $72,242.80 $64,326.60 $83,382.17 $62,212.14 $59,806.78 H-2B Occupation Gaming Dealers Construction Laborers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Helpers-Carpenters Amusement and Recreation Attendants Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 225 222 60 45 40 $17,160.00 $19,294.60 $21,964.80 $26,644.80 $17,284.80 H-2A Occupation Lettuce Onions Broccoli General Farm Workers Garlic Positions Certified AEWR 729 449 205 185 177 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 81 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION New Hampshire State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 191 2,071 33 44 179 1,805 31 43 191 4,001 395 167 179 3,841 368 166 0.23% 0.34% 0.61% 0.43% 0.23% 0.33% 0.36% 0.12% $48.08 $78,067.65 $25,176.05 $11.26 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Nashua Manchester Lebanon Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 57 20 16 $46.26 $50.19 $48.47 Portsmouth Concord Nashua 714 514 509 $74,776.89 $73,767.30 $75,107.46 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hollis Laconia Melvin Village 70 50 38 $27,248.00 $19,503.47 $23,899.20 Hollis Hampton Falls Orford 59 28 17 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Database Administrators Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 68 17 12 7 7 $47.52 $47.57 $52.87 $39.98 $43.15 Computer Systems Analysts 1,476 $73,564.54 Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software 548 417 375 195 $64,425.53 $68,048.43 $80,830.32 $98,967.00 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Waiters and Waitresses Coaches and Scouts Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 115 $27,934.40 65 50 42 24 $18,747.73 $22,672.00 $20,748.00 $38,136.80 H-2A Occupation Apples Fruits and Vegetables Trees Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Berries Positions Certified AEWR 79 46 17 13 5 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 82 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES New Jersey State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 7,172 47,291 218 41 6,257 44,366 176 39 7,172 88,826 3,370 814 6,257 85,602 2,764 806 7.93% 7.81% 3.44% 0.39% 7.93% 7.30% 2.72% 0.58% $44.11 $73,683.28 $29,652.88 $11.29 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Edison Teaneck Jersey City 832 656 562 $43.11 $36.18 $53.32 Jersey City Princeton Teaneck 12,861 5,200 5,070 $81,891.36 $67,900.05 $72,091.76 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Jackson Cedar Knolls Hopewell Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 334 252 150 $23,881.87 $30,852.64 $30,950.40 Elmer Swedesboro Monroeville 126 100 89 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Network and Computer Systems Administrators Computer and Information Systems Managers Database Administrators 2875 1355 163 152 137 $45.65 $40.92 $42.68 $69.25 $44.03 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Applications Management Analysts Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 24,550 18,181 11,561 9,779 3,299 $74,991.70 $65,911.40 $69,446.14 $85,010.89 $80,524.14 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Recreation Workers Coaches and Scouts Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,593 $29,166.85 347 278 150 $29,440.67 $45,726.49 $19,344.00 H-2A Occupation Fruits and Vegetables Peaches Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Peppers Asparagus Amusement and Recreation Attendants 111 $18,889.87 Positions Certified AEWR 287 126 126 89 80 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 83 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION New Mexico State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 194 992 7 41 152 883 4 38 194 1,603 104 303 152 1,454 66 244 0.19% 0.16% 0.08% 0.38% 0.19% 0.12% 0.06% 0.17% $54.34 $83,650.98 $20,467.20 $10.54 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Albuquerque Shiprock Gallup Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 51 24 12 $64.25 $19.78 $61.73 Albuquerque Santa Fe Gallup 599 281 71 $78,002.48 $64,191.64 $57,610.28 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Sunland Park Vado Moriarty Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 29 22 15 $22,474.40 $18,720.00 $18,200.00 Hobbs Dexter Clayton 48 43 30 $10.54 $10.54 $10.54 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Internists, General Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Software Developers, Applications Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 25 12 11 10 9 $106.35 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Physical Therapists Software Developers, Systems Software Internists, General $19.94 $39.66 $18.81 $21.65 387 177 123 108 49 $66,579.40 $69,100.41 $67,127.09 $82,058.08 $227,792.55 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Positions Certified AEWR Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Construction Laborers Amusement and Recreation Attendants — — 29 22 15 — — $22,474.40 $18,720.00 $18,200.00 — — Agricultural Equipment Operators 102 Grains Livestock Cotton Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 65 29 20 12 $10.54 $10.54 $10.54 $10.54 $10.54 84 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES New York State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 6,901 51,160 390 352 6,098 46,561 332 331 6,901 98,022 3,639 5,219 6,098 93,560 3,263 5,039 7.73% 8.44% 6.49% 3.32% 7.73% 7.98% 3.21% 3.60% $50.49 $82,057.15 $28,398.89 $11.26 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer New York Brooklyn Somers 3,971 188 141 $55.88 $32.28 $42.62 New York Brooklyn Melville 63,502 5,173 1,995 $86,573.17 $74,119.30 $71,285.95 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Elmont Montauk Southampton 219 218 193 $24,141.24 $23,586.40 $28,431.10 Peru Wolcott Elba 570 502 478 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1454 Computer Systems Analysts Financial Analysts Accountants and Auditors Computer and Information Systems Managers 532 432 244 167 $51.53 $46.59 $67.63 $44.19 $71.35 Computer Systems Analysts 18,178 $75,906.27 Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Financial Analysts 8,699 7,682 6,659 6,421 $100,742.63 $66,731.34 $71,633.17 $99,935.31 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,124 $29,636.61 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Waiters and Waitresses 659 255 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery 128 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 125 $24,512.25 $24,217.14 $22,335.42 $21,013.20 H-2A Occupation Apples Squash Berries Fruits and Vegetables Pears Positions Certified 2,380 305 245 225 200 AEWR $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 85 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION North Carolina State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2,034 17,266 157 228 1,666 15,989 123 221 2,034 34,657 4,206 18,008 1,666 33,575 3,412 17,696 2.11% 2.85% 2.41% 2.22% 2.11% 2.86% 3.35% $36.60 $77,024.11 $22,026.35 12.66% $10.32 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Charlotte Cary Raleigh 264 189 174 $47.38 $45.03 $43.60 Charlotte Cary Raleigh 12,771 3,988 3,322 $78,019.23 $77,247.72 $74,763.39 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Newland Charlotte Indian Trail 400 287 240 $20,832.69 $21,442.20 $19,212.27 Vass Newton Grove Dunn 11,733 894 590 $10.32 $10.32 $10.32 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Computer Systems Analysts Slaughterers and Meat Packers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 393 219 143 107 101 $46.45 $8.08 $42.24 $9.30 $8.18 Computer Systems Analysts 11,953 $74,045.84 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 4,484 4,135 3,554 $66,824.89 $87,043.93 $74,949.77 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,501 $95,638.04 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Forest and Conservation Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Dishwashers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,717 $21,690.66 523 280 205 97 $18,005.24 $22,781.20 $20,818.72 $17,877.60 H-2A Occupation Tobacco Hay and Straw Sweet Potatoes Berries Turnips Positions Certified AEWR 4,978 3,766 1,961 1,471 1,315 $10.32 $10.32 $10.32 $10.32 $10.32 86 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES North Dakota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 92 569 98 425 71 496 68 395 92 1,158 1,244 1,439 71 1,106 804 1,340 0.09% 0.09% 1.33% 3.97% 0.09% 0.09% 0.79% 0.96% $64.46 $94,402.32 $31,030.54 $13.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Fargo Minot Grand Forks 32 10 8 $61.21 $95.49 $87.95 Fargo Bismarck Minot 665 191 89 $96,075.16 $129,355.92 $90,524.84 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Fargo Medora Dickinson 232 129 100 $34,064.85 $20,623.20 $32,687.20 Oakes Jamestown Devils Lake 39 36 32 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Internists, General Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary 13 10 8 6 5 $42.24 $114.32 $132.17 $25.94 $38.80 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers 299 157 96 80 79 $70,571.39 $68,363.55 $72,040.98 $67,829.97 $64,562.81 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Construction Laborers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Slaughterers and Meat Packers 164 108 107 53 50 $26,358.40 $31,907.20 $30,014.40 $18,761.60 $25,604.80 Agricultural Equipment Operators Grains Bees Livestock Corn Positions Certified AEWR 503 249 241 102 99 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 87 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Northern Mariana Islands State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 6 75 — — 3 57 — — 6 80 — — 3 59 — — 0.00% 0.01% — — 0.00% 0.01% — — $20.86 $39,629.48 — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Saipan — — 3 — — $21.95 — — Saipan Garapan Rota 53 4 3 $39,996.64 $40,820.20 $31,089.07 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Accountants and Auditors Purchasing Managers — — — H-2B Occupation — — — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2 1 — — — $18.69 $25.21 — — — Accountants and Auditors Financial Managers Civil Engineers Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Secondary School Teachers, Except Special 20 4 4 4 3 $34,171.48 $43,135.50 $45,396.10 $34,491.50 $41,163.00 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 88 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Ohio State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,637 15,973 236 60 1,414 14,926 182 51 1,637 34,013 3,263 1,106 1,414 32,808 2,426 1,027 1.79% 2.64% 3.56% 0.51% 1.79% 2.80% 2.38% 0.73% $39.29 $73,407.49 $25,252.69 $11.61 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Columbus Dublin Cleveland 257 192 112 $42.60 $44.03 $55.93 Columbus Cincinnati Cleveland 6,651 5,282 3,607 $74,152.29 $73,038.70 $70,005.13 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Newbury Chesterland Cincinatti Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 112 101 91 $25,694.93 $26,124.80 $23,527.77 Avon Oakwood Village New Carlisle 300 174 82 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Computer Systems Analysts Slaughterers and Meat Packers Internists, General 468 141 121 61 59 $41.82 $9.47 $42.35 $9.00 $88.49 Computer Systems Analysts 10,161 $71,333.53 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 6,038 3,931 3,263 $62,856.38 $77,549.94 $70,659.00 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,302 $88,601.44 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,790 $25,591.97 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 344 Construction Laborers Helpers-Carpenters Helpers-Roofers 67 56 30 $18,397.60 $29,967.60 $25,303.20 $21,964.80 H-2A Occupation Positions Certified AEWR Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Construction of Livestock Buildings Fruits and Vegetables Cucumbers Agricultural Equipment Operators 679 116 87 43 24 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 $11.61 89 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Oklahoma State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 200 2,028 116 73 170 1,849 86 71 200 3,591 1,733 510 170 3,420 1,357 501 0.22% 0.33% 1.68% 0.71% 0.22% 0.29% 1.33% 0.36% $38.56 $70,603.52 $23,150.40 $10.35 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Oklahoma City Tulsa Norman Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 50 38 19 $46.46 $33.65 $32.26 Tulsa Oklahoma City Bartlesville 1,467 1,167 241 $73,986.64 $70,802.81 $71,907.21 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Tulsa Edmond Oklahoma City 431 233 183 $23,209.47 $24,065.60 $23,790.58 Altus Guthrie Capron 58 46 40 $10.35 $10.35 $10.35 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Electrical Engineers Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Instructional Coordinators Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 14 12 12 11 6 $22.28 $32.54 $43.35 $37.92 $22.12 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Accountants And Auditors 769 357 335 265 190 $68,894.71 $74,874.47 $66,111.84 $63,811.24 $48,754.42 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Forest and Conservation Workers Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,037 $22,809.92 64 50 50 43 $23,342.80 $16,889.60 $25,625.60 $23,264.80 H-2A Occupation Grains Agricultural Equipment Operators Cotton General Farm Workers Livestock Positions Certified AEWR 146 94 58 42 41 $10.35 $10.35 $10.35 $10.35 $10.35 90 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Oregon State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,237 4,696 34 24 1,023 4,275 23 21 1,237 9,607 1,764 599 1,023 9,255 1,473 575 1.30% 0.78% 0.45% 0.21% 1.30% 0.79% 1.45% 0.41% $43.01 $78,618.79 $24,997.98 $12.42 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Hillsboro Portland Beaverton 761 81 58 $42.83 $43.63 $44.35 Hillsboro Portland Beaverton 2,644 2,556 2,466 $81,108.09 $75,831.50 $74,050.37 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Central Point Phoenix Beaverton Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 343 288 265 $25,620.40 $25,636.00 $18,720.00 Echo Medford Hood River 283 90 54 $12.42 $12.42 $12.42 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Materials Engineers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Cooks, Restaurant Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 292 243 198 76 28 $43.91 $41.84 $43.02 $44.81 $12.42 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 2,923 1,155 915 671 657 $75,055.75 $73,079.67 $62,954.57 $83,995.37 $90,351.61 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Floral Designers Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators 881 353 121 99 19 $25,668.50 $18,886.40 $26,790.40 $24,065.60 $29,952.00 H-2A Occupation Cherries Pears Squash Leeks Berries Positions Certified AEWR 283 130 36 34 30 $12.42 $12.42 $12.42 $12.42 $12.42 91 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Pennsylvania State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2,016 22,009 308 83 1,799 20,438 251 74 2,016 64,857 4,456 821 1,799 63,058 3,659 777 2.28% 3.63% 4.91% 0.74% 2.28% 5.38% 3.60% 0.56% $45.84 $75,204.45 $28,372.03 $11.29 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Philadelphia Pittsburgh Canonsburg Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 249 238 121 $48.87 $48.25 $44.52 Philadelphia Pittsburgh Camp Hill 29,346 7,324 4,115 $75,963.65 $72,203.31 $67,849.14 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Pittsburgh Farmington McMurray Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 365 174 154 $25,068.38 $19,905.60 $37,024.00 Orefield Dillsburg Morris 73 56 48 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Computer and Information Systems Managers Statisticians H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Coaches and Scouts Amusement and Recreation Attendants Helpers--Production Workers Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 681 133 67 47 41 $45.06 $41.11 $90.66 $64.89 $37.41 Computer Systems Analysts 25,849 $71,849.83 Software Developers, Systems Software 6,801 $85,129.30 Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Financial Analysts 4,856 4,835 3,249 $82,723.69 $64,792.29 $78,565.22 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,640 $28,163.96 151 151 121 89 $40,851.20 $18,643.73 $26,719.09 $22,734.40 H-2A Occupation Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Fruits and Vegetables Construction of Livestock Buildings Trees Poultry Positions Certified AEWR 246 110 77 73 73 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 $11.29 92 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Puerto Rico State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 53 203 3 — 31 187 2 — 53 452 33 — 31 436 17 — 0.04% 0.03% 0.04% — 0.04% 0.04% 0.02% — $32.67 $64,649.57 $20,540.00 — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer San Juan Aguadilla Bayamon 11 3 3 $30.41 $42.61 $32.30 San Juan Aguadilla Barceloneta 277 31 30 $64,349.87 $57,292.53 $66,033.53 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Gurabo San Juan — 16 1 — $23,899.20 $17,180.80 — — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Civil Engineers Financial Managers Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 3 3 2 2 2 $25.40 $29.31 $29.69 $30.77 $40.45 Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Financial Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Operations Research Analysts 79 67 35 20 20 $57,652.76 $55,822.00 $93,000.00 $78,993.17 $32,240.00 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers Childcare Workers — — — 16 1 — — — $23,899.20 $17,180.80 — — — — — — — — Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 93 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Rhode Island State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 152 2,863 23 5 128 2,694 18 5 152 4,702 424 6 128 4,571 327 6 0.16% 0.47% 0.35% 0.05% 0.16% 0.39% 0.32% 0.00% $48.13 $78,064.89 $25,255.82 $11.26 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Providence Woonsocket Smithfield Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 31 22 20 $48.11 $51.65 $44.52 Providence Woonsocket Cranston 1,103 888 860 $75,937.91 $78,622.20 $83,091.00 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Block Island Johnston Watch Hill Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 104 75 65 $22,443.20 $19,739.20 $24,322.13 Greenville North Scituate Johnston 2 2 2 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Mechanical Engineers Computer and Information Systems Managers 51 11 8 4 3 $46.88 $47.44 $80.44 $38.23 $59.64 Computer Systems Analysts 1,606 $73,500.02 Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software 891 683 372 152 $75,456.46 $66,631.71 $85,731.00 $90,097.53 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Amusement and Recreation Attendants Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Waiters and Waitresses Cooks, Restaurant 75 70 50 39 32 $19,739.20 $24,602.93 $19,302.40 $22,183.20 $26,832.00 H-2A Occupation Apples Fruits and Vegetables — — — Positions Certified 4 2 — — — AEWR $11.26 $11.26 — — — 94 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES South Carolina State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 928 2,774 103 60 714 2,468 83 58 928 5,379 2,465 3,777 714 5,069 1,939 3,594 0.90% 0.46% 1.62% 0.58% 0.90% 0.43% 1.91% 2.57% $16.08 $72,200.57 $22,000.64 $10.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name West Columbia Greenville Anderson Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 205 134 108 $7.90 $10.74 $9.68 Greenville Columbia Fort Mill 1,566 940 490 $65,303.72 $69,170.38 $72,437.43 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Myrtle Beach Kiawah Island Hilton Head Island Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 491 270 216 $19,048.42 $19,801.60 $20,779.20 Ridge Spring Monetta St. Helena Island 982 403 355 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Software Developers, Applications Mechanical Engineers 229 223 82 22 12 $8.07 $7.83 $8.10 $41.55 $42.25 Computer Systems Analysts 1,717 $66,134.34 Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Mechanical Engineers 725 596 566 132 $76,613.79 $64,775.24 $65,849.20 $70,033.33 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Waiters and Waitresses Cooks, Restaurant 688 378 312 136 109 $18,700.36 $24,712.48 $21,913.35 $19,999.20 $21,112.00 H-2A Occupation Peaches Fruits and Vegetables General Farm Workers Tomatoes Trees Positions Certified AEWR 901 416 401 391 346 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 95 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION South Dakota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 62 394 96 166 52 354 90 156 62 749 1,266 812 52 713 1,183 751 0.07% 0.07% 1.76% 1.57% 0.07% 0.06% 1.16% 0.54% $61.18 $90,998.80 $23,681.54 $13.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sioux Falls Rapid City Brookings 19 9 7 $78.23 $56.03 $33.52 Sioux Falls Rapid City Brookings 478 66 37 $95,689.72 $64,369.43 $84,471.19 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Sioux Falls Arlington Aberdeen 258 190 130 $21,347.73 $25,599.60 $25,322.51 Arlington Roscoe Dolton 36 35 34 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary Internists, General Pediatricians, General Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 9 5 4 3 3 $117.27 $36.25 $96.60 $43.72 $96.15 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 187 111 77 41 32 $67,398.69 $63,257.12 $69,938.25 $65,719.24 $235,456.60 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Food Preparation Workers 411 196 110 77 71 $25,447.31 $18,796.70 $24,130.31 $26,245.44 $18,788.34 Agricultural Equipment Operators Construction of Livestock Buildings Grains Bees Livestock Positions Certified AEWR 305 122 95 93 75 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 $13.59 96 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Tennessee State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 411 5,101 48 327 359 4,691 29 326 411 16,826 791 3,006 359 16,288 522 2,983 0.45% 0.84% 0.57% 3.27% 0.45% 1.39% 0.51% 2.13% $39.26 $73,245.54 $23,681.54 $10.28 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Memphis Nashville Brentwood 81 48 25 $36.92 $34.23 $42.17 Nashville Collierville Memphis 4,942 3,200 3,085 $70,079.02 $73,423.22 $73,364.22 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Fayetteville Nashville Hixson Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 94 84 70 $22,027.20 $21,659.73 $21,382.40 Adams Evensville Cedar Hill 305 231 181 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Industrial Engineers Accountants and Auditors Web Developers 82 34 19 11 10 $41.39 $41.12 $39.12 $28.16 $27.07 Computer Systems Analysts Computer And Information Systems Managers Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 7,753 1,691 1,387 1,225 1,163 $70,026.54 $88,342.35 $65,966.04 $81,578.86 $68,583.05 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Forest and Conservation Workers Floral Designers Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 392 $23,122.67 70 16 12 10 $21,382.40 $19,032.00 $31,605.60 $20,342.40 H-2A Occupation Tobacco Tomatoes Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Hay and Straw Cucumbers Positions Certified 1,527 308 279 263 231 AEWR $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 97 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Texas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 14,035 61,689 823 475 13,008 56,422 593 417 14,035 111,048 20,601 3,143 13,008 106,745 15,075 2,856 16.48% 10.18% 11.60% 4.19% 16.48% 9.10% 14.81% 2.04% $38.50 $74,530.29 $26,399.41 $10.35 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name College Station Houston Irving Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 6,456 1,731 691 $32.89 $48.68 $42.07 Houston Dallas Irving 30,255 15,335 11,792 $75,981.22 $71,807.08 $72,254.37 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Austin Houston San Antonio 1,920 1,412 957 $24,856.33 $37,961.73 $24,336.95 Dalhart Plantersville Coyanosa 222 125 124 $10.35 $10.35 $10.35 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts 4812 4072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 281 Computer and Information Systems Managers Mechanical Engineers 208 206 $36.24 $35.49 $44.48 $60.52 $46.83 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 27,734 15,701 11,911 10,105 $71,756.71 $63,691.68 $81,156.31 $74,867.39 Software Developers, Systems Software 6,850 $93,976.12 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 7,420 1,061 751 581 573 $23,181.45 $25,463.78 $17,609.55 $43,914.74 $36,916.63 H-2A Occupation Livestock Agricultural Equipment Operators Grains Melons Bees Positions Certified AEWR 443 416 362 284 206 $10.35 $10.35 $10.35 $10.35 $10.35 98 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Utah State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 344 2,631 82 145 299 2,438 64 136 344 5,632 1,504 848 299 5,354 1,221 790 0.38% 0.43% 1.25% 1.37% 0.38% 0.46% 1.20% 0.56% $41.14 $71,976.39 $25,718.88 $11.37 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Salt Lake City Lehi Provo Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 160 27 18 $42.64 $42.15 $36.41 Salt Lake City Lehi South Jordan 3,048 1,063 205 $71,716.10 $66,305.76 $83,939.06 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name West Jordan Salt Lake City Sandy Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 159 152 85 $27,786.20 $24,918.40 $27,109.33 Salem Payson Santaquin 100 61 60 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 100 Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Materials Engineers 24 12 11 8 $42.51 $41.49 $55.88 $36.59 $38.67 Computer Systems Analysts 1,432 $71,609.87 Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Programmers 825 565 453 415 $87,471.02 $72,159.87 $95,480.41 $62,529.03 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Construction Laborers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 964 $24,126.02 52 52 26 20 $21,118.93 $28,142.40 $18,522.40 $34,320.00 H-2A Occupation Livestock Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Cherries Corn Peaches Positions Certified AEWR 294 131 75 62 49 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 $11.37 99 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Vermont State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 107 344 34 69 98 313 27 68 107 611 453 515 98 561 377 507 0.12% 0.06% 0.53% 0.68% 0.12% 0.05% 0.37% 0.36% $43.98 $79,657.18 $25,536.24 $11.26 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer South Burlington Burlington Brattleboro 75 5 2 $45.68 $35.54 $64.94 Montpelier Burlington Winooski 237 147 33 $78,753.83 $71,272.79 $71,522.32 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Stowe Vergennes West Dover Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 93 60 45 $24,091.60 $21,791.47 $26,252.20 Shoreham Bennington Cornwall 113 62 58 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Network and Computer Systems Administrators Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers 53 13 8 2 2 $46.64 $41.25 $45.13 $37.15 $63.95 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 253 87 25 19 15 $69,336.84 $87,117.21 $66,437.17 $79,741.96 $87,022.62 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 117 $23,275.20 Apples Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Amusement and Recreation Attendants Dishwashers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 36 32 31 26 $20,831.20 $18,907.20 $21,736.00 $31,865.60 Fruits and Vegetables Berries Livestock Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Positions Certified AEWR 242 100 58 32 16 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 $11.26 100 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Virginia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2,624 18,821 208 95 2,264 17,376 159 93 2,624 33,977 4,782 3,381 2,264 32,717 3,484 3,347 2.87% 3.11% 3.11% 0.93% 2.87% 2.79% 3.42% 2.39% $43.32 $74,597.69 $24,449.94 $10.32 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Herndon Richmond Reston 277 202 174 $48.36 $41.33 $46.51 Richmond Mclean Herndon 6,724 4,999 3,508 $71,584.92 $76,645.63 $77,898.23 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Sterling Chesapeake Norfolk Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 320 213 186 $32,423.42 $22,661.60 $23,618.40 Dry Fork Winchester Bloxom 1,248 280 197 $10.32 $10.32 $10.32 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Network and Computer Systems Administrators Computer Programmers Database Administrators H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Packers and Packagers, Hand Forest and Conservation Workers Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 897 224 65 46 44 $48.81 $46.81 $43.92 $39.36 $43.09 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 9,176 6,011 4,473 2,321 $70,973.78 $64,130.06 $87,265.30 $79,154.62 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,504 $94,456.98 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,008 $23,636.10 449 185 117 112 $19,252.80 $20,538.51 $24,377.60 $24,818.56 H-2A Occupation Hay and Straw Tobacco Apples General Farm Workers Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Positions Certified 1,057 563 484 341 211 AEWR $10.32 $10.32 $10.32 $10.32 $10.32 101 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Virgin Islands State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 21 72 — — 6 69 — — 21 88 — — 6 85 — — 0.01% 0.01% — — 0.01% 0.01% — — $39.95 $63,238.08 — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name St. Thomas Christiansted — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 5 1 — $44.06 $19.38 — H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name St. Thomas Reston Christiansted Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 38 23 10 $55,333.29 $49,025.82 $75,714.29 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Marketing Managers Electrical Engineers Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Architectural and Engineering Managers — H-2B Occupation — — — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2 2 1 1 — $52.88 $26.75 $19.38 $61.06 — H-1B Occupation Web Developers Computer Programmers Operations Research Analysts Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 12 11 5 4 4 $70,833.33 $66,925.00 $67,034.88 $44,741.75 $40,850.00 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 102 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Washington State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 3,074 21,012 86 122 2,846 19,304 73 114 3,074 44,993 1,123 12,146 2,846 43,258 988 11,844 3.61% 3.47% 1.43% 1.14% 3.61% 3.69% 0.97% 8.47% $50.99 $91,753.28 $33,548.69 $12.42 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Seattle Redmond Bellevue 1,121 960 377 $48.41 $53.40 $52.53 Seattle Redmond Bellevue 15,183 14,752 5,941 $95,533.24 $95,778.21 $90,628.85 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Chehalis Seattle Belfair 246 231 85 $24,675.73 $41,816.67 $24,190.40 Prosser Brewster Pasco 2,264 1,868 1,237 $12.42 $12.42 $12.42 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1700 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Marketing Managers Computer and Information Systems Managers 179 133 116 114 $50.54 $49.33 $52.85 $58.14 $62.23 Software Developers, Applications 11,078 $111,219.54 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers 9,055 6,297 2,380 $81,909.27 $73,075.04 $78,125.47 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,961 $100,842.18 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers Food Batchmakers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Floral Designers Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers 366 254 175 110 26 $25,145.12 $28,490.38 $23,391.09 $24,190.40 $29,556.80 H-2A Occupation Apples Pears Tobacco Cherries Trees Positions Certified AEWR 3,094 2,363 1,714 1,370 1,082 $12.42 $12.42 $12.42 $12.42 $12.42 103 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION West Virginia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 56 577 13 5 46 493 11 5 56 1,010 180 73 46 947 158 72 0.06% 0.10% 0.22% 0.05% 0.06% 0.08% 0.16% 0.05% $63.50 $100,425.99 $20,404.80 $10.28 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Morgantown Huntington Charleston Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 16 9 4 $48.71 $64.58 $79.16 Charleston Morgantown Beckley 324 256 45 $86,007.24 $87,489.55 $60,000.00 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Snowshoe Ona Morgantown Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 39 35 28 $19,188.00 $19,364.80 $17,316.00 Martinsburg Lesage Buffalo 62 5 3 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 10 Computer Systems Analysts Surgeons Computer and Information Systems Managers Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary 4 3 3 3 $115.08 $46.09 $158.15 $60.74 $33.72 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 220 129 78 76 67 $64,894.02 $79,749.92 $60,458.16 $71,775.61 $245,392.11 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attendants Self-Enrichment Education Teachers Helpers-Carpenters 96 29 13 10 7 $19,482.67 $18,699.20 $20,612.80 $19,676.80 $27,144.00 H-2A Occupation Peaches Vegetables Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Tomatoes Corn Positions Certified AEWR 32 30 5 3 2 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 $10.28 104 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Wisconsin State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 631 6,859 27 26 547 6,414 18 21 631 17,521 605 460 547 16,942 472 448 0.69% 1.13% 0.35% 0.21% 0.69% 1.44% 0.46% 032% $45.63 $74,696.37 $23,99280 $11.56 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Madison Verona Milwaukee 115 103 92 $40.85 $40.84 $51.93 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Milwaukee Madison Appleton Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 4,488 2,882 1,048 $75,899.99 $70,798.92 $70,486.96 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Eleva Bennett Kohler 196 43 38 $21,049.60 $22,755.20 $19,219.20 Hancock Wausau Merillan 90 47 47 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 234 Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Internists, General Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 32 29 19 13 $40.44 $41.16 $56.27 $101.15 $99.93 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Applications 7,240 1,856 1,830 1,757 Software Developers, Systems Software 523 $71,715.31 $63,349.05 $68,584.64 $76,862.08 $93,930.61 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers 196 Amusement and Recreation Attendants Floral Designers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational 59 43 38 30 $21,049.60 $17,430.40 $22,755.20 $19,219.20 $17,680.00 H-2A Occupation Corn Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Herbs General Farm Workers Agricultural Equipment Operators Positions Certified AEWR 132 61 47 47 38 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 $11.56 105 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Wyoming State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 16 147 42 90 13 118 33 87 16 176 401 329 13 168 351 326 0.02% 0.02% 0.65% 0.87% 0.02% 0.01% 0.34% 0.23% $77.40 $120,949.93 $24,605.14 $11.14 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Casper Laramie Gillette 4 3 2 $96.83 $35.39 $200.35 Casper Cheyenne Laramie 61 33 29 $59,606.96 $124,349.15 $125,525.46 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Jackson Teton Village Cody Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR 116 75 72 $24,672.58 $31,548.40 $22,554.13 Rock Springs Baggs Evanston 49 26 24 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Internists, General Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Surgeons Pediatricians, General Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 3 2 1 1 1 $113.08 $29.36 $287.24 $113.46 $48.08 Computer Systems Analysts Cost Estimators Physicians And Surgeons, All Other Internists, General Petroleum Engineers 29 28 18 13 6 $66,942.38 $53,000.00 $312,821.97 $250,000.00 $83,928.32 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers Self-Enrichment Education Teachers Construction Laborers 131 120 55 14 10 $19,920.73 Livestock $28,246.40 $22,890.40 $43,596.80 $18,054.40 Wool Corn Hay and Straw Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Positions Certified AEWR 295 10 6 5 4 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 $11.14 106 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES APPENDIX B Agricultural Certification Statistics 1 Jan 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 3000 2700 2400 2100 1800 1500 1200 900 600 300 0 s y a D s y a D Top 10 Crops – Positions Certified by Month Certification Begins Tobacco Berries 3000 2700 2400 2100 1800 1500 1200 900 600 300 0 14 40 12 40 s y a D Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Apples Hay and Straw 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 7 6 2 s y a D 4 Oct 8 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept 108 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS 3500 3150 2800 2450 2100 1750 1400 1050 700 350 0 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1200 1080 960 840 720 600 480 360 240 120 0 s y a D s y a D s y a D Oranges Melons 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 s y a D Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Agricultural Equipment Operators 1 Aug Mar 1500 1350 1200 1050 900 750 600 450 300 150 0 s y a D Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Fruits and Vegetables Onions 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 s y a D 6 Feb Jan Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 109 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Average Duration of Positions Certified for the Top 10 Crops In FY 2015, the average period certified for positions in each of the top 10 crops was between 3 and 8 months.

Onions and melons ranked as the two crops with the shortest average certification period, with average certification periods of 3 to 4 months. Positions involving apples, berries, and other fruits and vegetables followed, with average certification periods of just over 4.5 months to 6 months. Tobacco, oranges, and hay and straw, reflecting roughly 6.8 to 7.3 month certification periods, represented the next longest average certification period among the top 10 crops. Nursery and greenhouse certifications lasted about 7.5 months.

Employers with agricultural equipment operators represented the group receiving the longest average certification period in FY 2015, with an average period of nearly 8 months. 250 200 150 100 50 0 s y a d e g a r e v A Tobacco Berries Apples Hay and Straw Oranges Melons Nursery Agricultural Equipment Greenhouse Operators Vegetables Fruits and and Onions Workers 110 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS Commodities with the Longest Certification Periods Overall The Department issues a labor certification, when appropriate, after reviewing an employer’s fact-specific request for temporary agricultural workers under the H-2A program. In all cases, the nature of the employer’s own need for temporary agricultural or services determines the certification period for the specific need for temporary agricultural workers may or may not be representative of other employers with the same crop or agricultural commodity. In FY 2015, the longest certification period was granted to employers engaged in sweet corn based on demonstrated need for temporary agricultural workers for a period of a little over 10 months.

Employers engaged in growing avocado and radishes closely followed those engaged in sweet corn, both also averaging certifications for just a little over 10 months. The remaining employers with the longest average certifications all demonstrated a need for between 8.6 and 9.3 months. Those employers are engaged in growing lemons and nuts, as well as raising several species: livestock, reptiles, insects, horses, and exotic game animals. 300 250 200 150 100 s y a d e g a r e v A 50 0 Sweet Corn Avocado Radishes Lemons Livestock Nuts Reptiles Insects Horses Exotic Game Animals 111 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Commodities with the Shortest Certification Periods Overall For some crops and agricultural commodities, as well as workers in support of the production of such crops and commodities, employers seek temporary labor or services for a short, concentrated period of time.

In FY 2015, each of the 10 crops and agricultural commodities, and support activities, with the longest certification periods represented temporary agricultural labor and services occurring for less than 5 months. Cooks and horseradish farming represent the shortest certification periods, using agricultural workers for just shy of 2 months and 3 months, respectively. Among the remaining crops or agricultural commodities with the shortest certification periods in FY 2015, farmers growing melons and celery sought temporary workers for roughly 3.5 months. While farmers growing turnips, onions, apricots, apples, pears, and figs sought temporary workers for approximately 4 to 4.5 months.

150 125 100 75 50 25 0 s y a d e g a r e v A Cooks Horseradish Melons Celery Turnips Onions Apricots Apples Pears Figs 112 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS APPENDIX C Top Five Employment-Based Permanent Immigration Country Profiles India SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification DATA 49,863 45,670 65.53% 62.64% 33 Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications 57.86% Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM VISA H-1B L-1 Unspecified F-1 Parolee POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 40,428 2,776 942 804 359 $46.81 $41.09 $41.56 $42.28 $52.52 Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation Intel Corporation Cisco Systems Inc. Qualcomm Technologies Inc. Amazon Corporate LLC Microsoft Corporation Oracle America Inc. Google Inc. Hcl America Inc. Deloitte Consulting LLP APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 6973 1013 838 545 436 379 364 328 306 244 $33.19 $42.83 $52.70 $49.28 $47.22 $54.99 $53.28 $57.87 $48.54 $47.60 Software Developers, Applications 21,231 Computer Systems Analysts 8,732 Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers Network and Computer Systems Administrators Database Administrators Mechanical Engineers Electrical Engineers Management Analysts 3,615 1,738 1,360 960 708 536 402 374 $45.15 $39.89 $52.20 $47.96 $64.30 $43.48 $44.81 $41.79 $43.86 $53.57 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR TX CA NJ NY IL MI MA WA VA GA 10072 9391 5073 2348 2098 1664 1642 1391 1375 1185 8023 8557 4535 2197 1940 1456 1552 1176 1271 1086 9638 9254 4923 2211 2024 1614 1568 1357 1307 1156 $37.73 $54.73 $45.20 $52.89 $45.10 $41.22 $50.18 $51.22 $48.08 $45.48 79.66% 91.12% 89.39% 93.57% 92.47% 87.50% 94.52% 84.54% 92.44% 91.65% 95.69% 98.54% 97.04% 94.17% 96.47% 97.00% 95.49% 97.56% 95.05% 97.55% IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT 114 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOAYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES China SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications DATA 7,230 6,411 7.69% 7.93% 40 8.12% Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM VISA H-1B Unspecified L-1 F-1 Not in USA POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 4,748 708 365 302 236 $46.01 $14.60 $51.93 $41.30 $13.38 Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Google Inc. Defender Services Inc. Microsoft Corporation Qualcomm Technologies Inc. Facebook Inc. Oracle America Inc. Intel Corporation Amazon Corporate LLC Cisco Systems Inc. Koch Foods Of Alabama LLC APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 435 190 176 173 124 109 94 88 87 72 $54.00 $8.07 $53.32 $49.03 $56.86 $52.49 $45.72 $44.53 $49.63 $9.68 Software Developers, Applications 1,624 Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Statisticians Accountants and Auditors Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Financial Analysts Cooks, Restaurant Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Computer Systems Analysts 639 486 283 282 267 207 183 182 141 $50.05 $52.66 $48.44 $39.91 $35.95 $8.08 $54.46 $12.64 $8.89 $42.26 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA NY TX WA SC IL MA NC NJ GA 2336 1929 2306 647 411 396 256 230 229 191 172 148 572 309 290 11 187 193 54 143 73 614 347 378 15 218 208 59 159 109 $50.16 $46.75 $35.41 $49.19 $9.84 $39.24 $44.40 $18.86 $40.31 $27.22 82.58% 88.41% 75.18% 73.23% 4.30% 81.30% 84.28% 28.27% 83.14% 49.32% 98.72% 94.90% 84.43% 95.45% 5.86% 94.78% 90.83% 30.89% 92.44% 73.65% IT Finance Advanced Mfg IT Other Economic Sector Advanced Mfg IT Other Economic Sector IT Agribusiness 115 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION South Korea SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications DATA 6,250 4,895 3.31% 3.91% 40 6.20% Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM VISA H-1B Unspecified F-1 E-2 Not in USA POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 1,385 1,053 945 478 420 $39.59 $15.98 $22.26 $27.58 $13.92 Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Koch Foods of Alabama LLC Case Farms Processing Inc. Koch Foods of Cincinnati LLC Jimmy Forrest Farms Inc. Norman W Fries Inc. D/b/a Claxton Poultry Farms Motorola Mobility LLC Her Services Roger Wood Foods Inc. Intel Corporation Defender Services Inc. APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 185 134 98 80 62 56 47 43 31 31 $9.73 $9.02 $9.88 $8.10 $9.35 $45.22 $8.10 $9.31 $50.88 $8.09 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Accountants and Auditors Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Chefs and Head Cooks Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Slaughterers and Meat Packers Clergy Software Developers, Applications Cooks, Restaurant 643 204 170 159 154 152 142 132 121 108 $9.06 $31.75 $24.82 $23.01 $49.22 $8.08 $9.24 $16.66 $48.49 $13.13 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA NY GA AL NC TX NJ SC IL OH 1497 406 341 337 287 279 243 235 194 178 365 219 77 46 14 110 101 3 71 18 1027 274 192 162 20 163 159 5 141 67 $31.79 $32.19 $19.98 $18.07 $10.95 $28.42 $29.59 $8.43 $32.96 $12.13 24.38% 68.60% 53.94% 22.58% 13.65% 4.88% 39.43% 41.56% 1.28% 36.60% 10.11% 67.49% 56.30% 48.07% 6.97% 58.42% 65.43% 2.13% 72.68% 37.64% Other Economic Sector Other Economic Sector Agribusiness Agribusiness Agribusiness Other Economic Sector Other Economic Sector Agribusiness Advanced Mfg Agribusiness 116 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOAYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES Canada SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications DATA 3,302 2,962 2.24% 3.49% 40 3.75% Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM VISA H-1B TN L-1 Unspecified E-2 POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 2,044 589 170 71 31 $57.48 $51.52 $50.70 $39.14 $42.46 Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Google Inc. Microsoft Corporation Amazon Corporate LLC Apple Inc. Intel Corporation Qualcomm Technologies Inc. Cisco Systems Inc. Ernst Young U.S. LLP Facebook Inc. Bloomberg L.P. APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 130 103 71 45 37 33 30 21 20 17 $60.71 $56.06 $47.89 $66.03 $49.94 $58.02 $61.07 $66.98 $67.58 $49.63 OCCUPATION Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Systems Analysts Architectural and Engineering Managers Marketing Managers Electrical Engineers Mechanical Engineers Financial Analysts APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 535 165 138 126 108 95 73 73 69 64 $54.03 $58.11 $54.55 $70.22 $45.20 $65.57 $67.23 $47.39 $45.08 $65.94 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA NY WA TX MI MA FL IL NJ OH 856 343 288 248 124 97 97 85 72 61 625 266 180 148 69 71 60 62 49 41 757 289 263 192 100 86 61 79 63 36 $57.13 $62.33 $54.62 $52.06 $51.15 $54.00 $49.40 $53.02 $53.34 $50.60 73.01% 77.55% 62.50% 59.68% 55.65% 73.20% 61.86% 72.94% 68.06% 67.21% 88.43% 84.26% 91.32% 77.42% 80.65% 88.66% 62.89% 92.94% 87.50% 59.02% IT Finance IT Other Economic Sector Automotive IT Other Economic Sector Other Economic Sector Advanced Mfg Educational Services 117 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Philippines SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications DATA 1,982 1,509 1.74% 174% 40 1.91% Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM VISA H-1B Not in USA B-2 Unspecified L-1 POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 1073 135 92 90 37 $37.10 $14.02 $25.81 $30.39 $43.12 Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Baltimore City Public School System Central Consolidated School District All 4 Wine LLC Home Care Options San Francisco Inc. Quest Diagnostics Inc. Los Angeles Unified School District Pinon Unified School District No 4 Pointwest Technologies Corporation Jackson Therapy Partners Holdings LLC Rite Aid Corporation APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 82 24 23 17 17 16 16 13 12 12 $22.82 $19.78 $10.13 $10.97 $31.25 $21.94 $20.19 $37.78 $32.44 $64.04 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Home Health Aides Occupational Therapists Software Developers, Applications Accountants and Auditors Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/ Technical Education Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Special Education Teachers, Secondary School Electrical Engineers Internists, General 161 138 111 89 71 64 58 54 53 35 $26.76 $10.06 $36.97 $44.04 $35.55 $20.84 $21.98 $21.73 $46.64 $94.44 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA TX NY MD FL NM IL AZ NJ VA 380 140 140 124 64 58 56 52 52 51 186 106 101 112 51 58 37 47 34 28 293 114 114 115 53 56 42 49 42 31 $32.71 $36.68 $36.95 $23.86 $35.28 $24.23 $40.90 $24.27 $35.05 $29.16 48.95% 75.71% 72.14% 90.32% 79.69% 100.00% 66.07% 90.38% 65.38% 54.90% 77.11% 81.43% 81.43% 92.74% 82.81% 96.55% 75.00% 94.23% 80.77% 60.78% Health Care Health Care Health Care Educational Services Health Care Educational Services Health Care Educational Services Health Care Health Care 118 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOAYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR