DOL OFLC, FY 2013 Report

Office of Foreign Labor Certification Annual Report October 1, 2012 - September 30, 2013 FY 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Table of Contents Foreword from the Assistant Secretary Introduction Prevailing Wage Determination Process Overview/Prevailing Wage Determinations Issued Prevailing Wage Determinations Issued Based on Area of Intended Employment Top 10 States for Wage Determinations by Major Visa Classification Prevailing Wage Determinations/Average Hourly Wage for the Top 10 Occupations Top Occupations and Employers for Prevailing Wages Ombudsman Program Permanent Labor Certification Program Atlanta National Processing Center Summary of the Permanent Labor Certification Program Permanent Labor Certifications by NAICS Code/Top Five Industries Occupations With More than 1,000 Permanent Labor Certifications Top Five Occupations for the Top Five Countries of Origin Permanent Labor Certifications by State and U.S. Territory Five States with the Most Permanent Labor Certifications and Top Major Industries Top 10 Cities for Permanent Labor Certifications Countries of Origin (Citizenship) with More Than 1,000 Certifications The 25 Employers With the Highest Number of Certificated Applications Education in Permanent Labor Certification Program Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification Programs Chicago National Processing Center Summary of Temporary Labor Certification Programs H-1B Temporary Labor Condition Applications for Specialty Workers H-2A Temporary Labor Certification for Agricultural Workers H-2B Temporary Labor Certification Non-Agricultural Workers Appendix State Employment-Based Immigration Profiles Country Employment-Based Immigration Profiles 3 4 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 33 34 35 37 48 53 Appendix A Appendix B 2 FY 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Foreword from the Assistant Secretary The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) requires the Secretary of Labor to ensure that U.S. workers are not adversely impacted in their wages or working conditions when U.S. employers hire foreign workers to fill workforce shortages. The Secretary has delegated his authority under the INA to the Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC) within the Employment and Training Administration (ETA). OFLC helps promote economic growth in sectors that face domestic labor shortages while protecting access to opportunities for U.S. workers. This report presents employment-based foreign labor certification program data drawn from applications submitted to and adjudicated by the Department by employers seeking labor certifications in Fiscal Year 2013.

An approved labor certification or labor condition application is often the first step in the process for many of the employment- based visa programs, both temporary and permanent, that enable employers to hire foreign workers where workforce needs cannot be fulfilled through the U.S. workforce. OFLC carries out some of the responsibilities of the Secretary of Labor contained in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) in adjudicating employer labor certification and labor condition applications used in the D-1, E-3, H-1B, H- 1B1, H-2A, H-2B and Permanent Labor Certification Programs. The policies of the foreign labor certification programs are developed in coordination with the Department’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, the Office of the Solicitor, and the Wage and Hour Division, which oversees the INA’s corresponding enforcement provisions. OFLC received requests from employers for temporary and permanent labor certifications for approximately 1,232,470 job opportunities in FY 2013.

A total of 490,833 applications were processed. This represents just under a one percent increase in the overall number of processed applications from the previous year and a 3.3 percent increase in job opportunities. We believe this report provides useful information to employers, educators, and the public workforce system to highlight the occupations and careers that have seen employers seek out foreign talent. The Employment and Training Administration remains committed to fulfilling the Department’s statutory mandate to ensure U.S. workers are afforded access to these job opportunities, while at the same time helping employers access needed skills.

Portia Wu Assistant Secretary Employment and Training Administration 3 FY 2013 ANNUAL REPORT Introduction OVERVIEW Foreign workers are permitted to come to the United OFLC receives and adjudicates applications from States to work subject to the restrictions and procedures of employers seeking to hire and bring foreign workers as the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows immigrants to the U.S. in permanent positions in visa foreign nationals to enter the United States on either a preference categories that require labor certifications. temporary or permanent basis under three general OFLC also adjudicates applications in temporary categories: employment-based, family-based, or nonimmigrant employment-based visa categories of H-1B, humanitarian-based. The Secretary of Labor (Secretary) plays an essential role in the administration of certain employment-based visa programs in the INA. In recent years, employment-based H-1B1 (Chile/Singapore), and E-3 (Australia) for professional and specialty occupations, H-2A for seasonal agricultural workers, H-2B for nonagricultural temporary workers, and D-1 for foreign longshore workers. immigration has represented approximately 16 percent of Employers wishing to avail themselves of the Department’s our Nation’s total documented permanent immigration. labor certification programs must agree to comply with all Many of the employment-based nonimmigrant visa categories, as well as two of the employment-based immigrant visa preferences, require a labor certification, labor condition application, or attestation to be filed and approved by the Department of Labor (Department) before an employer may petition the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for approval under a designated visa program and the would-be employee may then apply to the applicable laws and regulations relevant to the particular employment-based visa program under which they are applying.

In most of the Department’s employment-based programs, employers must demonstrate that they have made efforts to recruit U.S. workers for the positions for which they are seeking foreign workers and guarantee that they will at least pay the required prevailing wage for the occupation in the area of intended employment. Department of State (DOS) for a visa. Receiving a labor certification is only the beginning of the The Department has two fundamental responsibilities outlined in the INA for virtually all of the nonimmigrant and immigrant visa programs it administers and has delegated its labor certification authority to the Employment and Training Administration’s Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC). First, OFLC must determine if there are any available, able, willing, and qualified U.S. workers in the area of intended employment of the foreign worker; this is primarily accomplished through a test of the labor market.

Second, he must ensure that the admission of a foreign worker in the requested position will not have an adverse effect on the wages and working conditions of similarly employed U.S. workers. employment-based process to bring in an immigrant or nonimmigrant into the United States. The employer must then submit a petition to DHS’s U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, and the foreign worker may need to apply to DOS for the issuance of a visa by which the worker enters the U.S. Each individual worker must meet admission standards and requirements listed in the INA. However, some visa categories have numerical limitations or caps set by Congress, which may restrict foreign worker availability during certain times or seasons. 4 FY 2013 ANNUAL REPORT OFLC’s National Office is responsible for policy and SUMMARY OF ADJUDICATIONS 2013 In FY 2013, OFLC processed 490,833 employer applications for 1,232,470 positions for permanent and temporary foreign labor certification.

The H-1B, H-2B, and H-2A Programs saw an increase in the number of applications adjudicated from FY 2012 to FY 2013, while the D-1 and Permanent Labor Certification Programs experienced a decrease in FY 2013. The National Prevailing Wage Center processed 118,393 PWD requests for use in the PERM, H-1B, H-1B1, E-3, and H-2B Programs. This was a decrease of 17,385 applications over the previous fiscal year, or 13 percent. The Chicago NPC processed 8,388 applications for H-2A labor certification representing an increase of 4 percent from the previous fiscal year for a total of 105,735 requested positions and 98,821 certified positions.

The H-2B labor certification application adjudications in FY 2013, in which 4,710 applications were processed for 98,402 requested positions, were 4 percent higher than for the previous fiscal year. H-1B applications saw a 6 percent increase in the number of determinations issued in FY 2013 over FY 2012. The Department processed 446.684 applications for temporary foreign workers certifying 1,125,970 positions. There were two D-1 applications processed in FY 2013.

In FY 2013, the Atlanta NPC processed 44,149 permanent labor certification applications, a nearly 34 percent decrease from FY 2012, in which 66,488 applications were adjudicated. program oversight of the non-enforcement responsibilities delegated to the Secretary under the INA. To fulfill this mission, OFLC operates three National Processing Centers (NPCs). One is located in Chicago, Illinois and is responsible for adjudicating temporary nonimmigrant labor certification applications. Another is located in Atlanta, Georgia and adjudicates permanent immigrant labor certification applications.

The third is located in Washington, DC and processes requests for prevailing wage determinations (PWDs), which are a required predicate to applications in most OFLC programs. The three NPCs are responsible for carrying out both operational and certain prescribed administrative functions. The administrative functions include providing help desk assistance from which employers and stakeholders can obtain specific case updates and general application information. Program operations are handled by directors, certifying officers, and analysts who together review and adjudicate applications submitted by employers, ensuring compliance with all applicable statutes, regulations and relevant case law.

The administrative staff also handles Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, data entry, case initiation, and information technology functions. Many of OFLC’s determination processes are fully electronic. In FY 2013 the H-2A and H-2B modules became fully operational in the Department’s web-based iCERT Visa Portal System. The iCERT system also contains the Prevailing Wage and Labor Condition Application (LCA) modules, which allow employers to electronically prepare, submit, track, save, reuse, and/or withdraw H-2A, H-2B, and LCA applications or PWD requests, and request PWD redeterminations, through an accessible on-line account.

The Permanent Electronic Review Management System (PERM) form continues to be available in a fully electronic format on its own portal. These electronic submission systems make the application process less burdensome than in the past when paper applications were the norm. 5 FY 2013 ANNUAL REPORT RECORD RETENTION DESTRUCTION OF OLD APPLICATIONS OFLC FORMS The National Archives and Records Administration FY 2013 saw several changes and enhancements to forms (NARA), which maintains all permanent Federal records, determined that employer labor certification applications in iCERT. FY 2013 marked the first full year of availability of the electronic ETA Form 9142A H-2A Application for and supporting documents filed with the Department are Temporary Employment Certification and ETA Form 9142B not permanent records and do not need to be retained H-2B Application for Temporary Employment Certification more than 5 years unless they are part of an active investigation or subject to a litigation hold.

This includes in the iCERT system. A revised version of the ETA Form 9141 Application for Prevailing Wage Determination was both paper and electronic records. Therefore, OFLC has also implemented in the iCERT Portal. The changes were begun to destroy records on an annual basis.

NARA made to clarify information needed for more efficient identified the annual disclosure data files, the quarterly application processing. The Labor Condition Application disclosure data files and the OFLC Annual Reports as (LCA) Electronic Filing Module within the iCERT System permanent records, which must be transferred to NARA was enhanced to allow employers, or their authorized rather than be destroyed. The approval also included authorization of the destruction of case management systems and software as they become obsolete and are no longer needed to administer the program(s). Therefore, the Paradox database, which contained information from employer applications filed in 2002 or earlier, was destroyed in FY 2013 after notifying the public of the planned destruction.

Prior to destruction attorneys or agents, to reuse previously filed LCAs under the H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3 visa Programs. This new feature is expected to significantly reduce the administrative time and cost of preparing and submitting the LCA. In the D-1 Program, the ETA-9033, Attestation by Employers Using Alien Crewmembers for Longshore Activities in U.S. Ports and ETA-9033A, Attestation by Employers Using Alien Crewmembers for Longshore Activities in the State of Alaska were updated to provide of this database, the OFLC completed searches related to these records in response to Freedom of Information Act more clarity. requests that were pending within the office or received in The OFLC Ombudsman launched an on-line survey response to the notice to the public. Any records subject to intended to encourage stakeholders’ feedback on their an active investigation or litigation hold had been identified experience with the Ombudsman Program.

Survey and also were not destroyed. questions are designed to promote the enhancement of customer service and overall satisfaction with the program.

LABOR CERTIFICATION REGISTRY

The Department launched its Labor Certification Registry (LCR) on OFLC’s iCERT Visa Portal System web site in FY 2013. The LCR provides the public with access to appropriately redacted copies of H-1B, H-1B1, E-3, H-2A, H-2B and permanent labor certification documents issued by OFLC, as well as quarterly and annual case disclosure data. This registry is part of Department's Open Government Initiative to enhance transparency of the labor certification process. 6 FY 2013 ANNUAL REPORT OFLC Programs FY 2010 – 2013 SUMMARY OF PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATIONS FY 2010 THRU FY 2013 VISA TYPE FY 2010 FY 2011 PERM H-1B H-2B TOTAL 50,736 14,806 4,223 69,765 80,042 12,879 4,622 97,543 FY 2012 114,802 12,606 8,370 135,778 FY 2013 103,274 8,225 6,894 118,393 SUMMARY OF ALL LABOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FY 2010 THRU FY 2013 VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 Determinations Labor Certification Applications Certified PERM Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations Labor Condition Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations Labor Certification Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations H-1B H-2A Labor Certification Applications Certified H-2B 81,412 71,073 81,412 71,073 328,903 280,503 567,939 505,131 7,378 6,988 89,177 79,011 4,535 3,726 Positions Requested 113,031 Positions Certified 93,599 73,207 59,863 73,207 59,863 352,214 314,541 737,958 682,048 7,361 7,000 83,844 77,246 4,409 3,806 97,267 83,152 66,488 54,581 66,488 54,581 408,038 377,447 940,812 847,959 8,047 7,845 90,362 85,248 4,211 3,563 94,538 75,458 44,149 35,202 44,149 35,202 433,586 410,834 984,184 944,842 8,388 8,118 105,735 98,821 4,710 3,990 98,402 82,307 DETERMINATIONS 422,228 437,191 486,784 490,833 TOTAL LABOR CERTIFICATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS REQUESTED POSITIONS CERTIFIED 362,290 385,210 443,436 458,144 851,559 992,276 1,192,200 1,232,470 748,814 902,309 1,063,246 1,161,172 7 Prevailing Wage Determination Process PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS OVERVIEW The National Prevailing Wage Center (NPWC), in PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATIONS ISSUED While the number of PWDs issued does not directly Washington, DC, issues prevailing wage determinations correlate to the number of labor certification or labor (PWDs) for employers seeking to file applications in the condition applications actually filed under the various visa Permanent Labor Certification Program (PERM), the H- programs, as a single PWD may be used once, more than 1B, H-1B1, and E-3 Professional and Specialty once, or not at all, the numbers provide a snapshot of Occupation Programs, and the H-2B Non-agricultural interest in the programs requiring prevailing wage Temporary Labor Certification Program.

In the PERM and determinations. The NPWC issued 118,393 PWDs to H-2B Programs employers are required to obtain the employers in FY 2013, a 13 percent decrease over FY determination from the NPWC prior to filing labor 2012. PERM was overwhelmingly the most commonly certification applications to ensure that jobs are offered to identified visa classification on PWD requests, making up U.S. workers at wages that do not adversely impact more than 87 percent of the total PWDs issued. The similarly situated U.S. workers.

The NPWC issued temporary H-1B Specialty Worker Program was the 118,393 PWDs to employers in FY 2013. second most common visa classification identified, with The prevailing wage determination process is fully electronic. More than 98 percent of all employer PWD requests are received electronically through the iCERT system. these employers receiving 7 percent of the total PWDs issued. (The H-1B Program is the only program in which an employer may rely on its own determination of a prevailing wage for the position, albeit at a risk subject to enforcement.) The H-2B Non-agricultural Temporary PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATIONS Labor Certification Program accounted for 6 percent of ISSUED BY STATUS the total PWDs issued. In addition, the NPWC processed APPLICATION STATUS PERM H-1B* H-2B 19,096 help desk inquiries in FY 2013.

Determination Issued 101,269 8,087 6,815 Redetermination - Analyst’s deter- mination upheld 1,223 82 40 Redetermination - Analyst’s deter- mination overturned/ modified 782 56 39 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATIONS ISSUED BY QUARTER AND MAJOR VISA CLASSIFICATION 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Total PERM 28,220 22,170 24,367 28,517 103,274 H-1B* 1,847 1,925 2,608 1,845 8,225 H-2B 3,167 1,257 1,236 1,234 6,894 *The visa categories related to the H-1B Program were included in the H-1B column. These include H-1B, H-1B1 Chile, H-1B1 Singapore, and E-3 Australia. 9 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATIONS ISSUED BASED ON AREA OF INTENDED EMPLOYMENT BY STATE AND U.S. TERRITORY STATE Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada TOTAL ISSUED 739 160 1,521 370 26,649 1,235 1,309 513 806 5,232 3,088 102 119 244 5,853 1,261 550 846 540 786 318 2,521 4,534 3,605 1,039 375 979 100 263 301 PERM H-1B H-2B 543 39 1,323 240 25,843 948 1,198 435 747 4,151 2,660 102 97 164 5,150 850 503 518 413 394 95 1,983 3,729 3,208 923 157 752 40 221 275 10 74 7 134 37 624 79 64 37 56 600 297 - 16 36 620 370 27 273 54 34 16 371 263 247 43 111 92 13 7 12 122 114 64 93 182 208 47 41 3 481 131 - 6 44 83 41 20 55 73 358 207 167 542 150 73 107 135 47 35 14 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATIONS ISSUED BASED ON AREA OF INTENDED EMPLOYMENT BY STATE AND U.S. TERRITORY (CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE) PERM H-1B H-2B STATE New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Northern Mariana Islands Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming TOTAL ISSUED 351 7,305 284 10,383 2,527 287 32 2,259 469 1,499 3,080 95 181 560 238 837 311 6,951 264 9,526 1,907 119 14 1,748 328 1,376 2,586 69 154 373 68 632 11,396 9,565 516 278 12 3,939 4,791 193 814 109 413 229 12 3,580 4,542 113 648 45 11 11 135 7 375 478 48 14 305 11 99 169 21 4 86 34 151 1,073 15 - - 157 206 64 138 10 29 219 13 482 142 120 4 206 130 24 325 5 23 101 136 54 758 88 49 - 202 43 16 28 54 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS TOP 10 STATES FOR WAGE DETERMINATIONS BY MAJOR VISA CLASSIFICATION California Texas New York New Jersey Illinois Washington Florida Massachusetts Virginia Michigan PERM H-1B H-2B 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 California Texas New York New Jersey Illinois Florida Washington Massachusetts Virginia Michigan PERM 25,843 H-1B H-2B 624 182 9,565 1,073 758 9,526 6,951 5,150 4,151 4,542 3,729 3,580 3,208 375 482 135 219 620 83 600 481 206 43 263 542 157 202 247 150 Total 26,649 11,396 10,383 7,305 5,853 5,232 4,791 4,534 3,939 3,605 TOP 10 STATES FOR WAGE DETERMINATIONS BY MAJOR VISA CLASSIFICATION Employers received 26,649 total PWDs in FY 2013 for job opportunities in California, more than any other State. California, Texas, and New York were the three States with the most PWDs issued.

These three States also received the highest number of PWDs given to employers intending to pursue permanent labor certification. Among employers intending to pursue temporary H-1B specialty worker visas, the greatest demand for PWDs appeared in Texas, California, Illinois, and Florida where each state saw 600 or more determinations issued. Texas, New York, Florida, and Massachusetts each received more than 400 PWDs related to potential H-2B Non-agricultural Temporary Labor Certification Program applications. 12 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS TOTAL WAGE DETERMINATIONS FOR THE TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS Software Developers, Applications 26,571 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers Marketing Managers Accountants and Auditors Physical Therapists Network and Computer Systems Administrators Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 8,105 5,959 4,648 4,188 2,714 2,446 2,167 2,151 1,853 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE FOR THE TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS Computer and Information Systems Managers Marketing Managers Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts $67.06 $65.04 $49.61 $46.42 $44.70 $41.78 Network and Computer Systems Administrators $38.35 Accountants and Auditors Physical Therapists Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers $34.96 $30.87 $9.78 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATIONS FOR THE TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE FOR THE TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS $10.00 $20.00 $30.00 $40.00 $50.00 $60.00 $70.00 In FY 2013, as is typical in recent years, several Computer and Information System Managers received computer-related occupations ranked among the most the highest average hourly wage of the top 10 commonly requested occupations for PWDs issued, occupations at $67.06.

Landscaping and including Software Developers, Computer Systems Groundskeeping Workers received the lowest average Analysts, as well as Computer and Information Systems hourly wage of the top 10 occupations at $9.78. Managers. The non-computer-related occupations accounted for less than 10 percent of the total PWDs issued in FY 2013 and the most frequently requested included Marketing Managers and Accountants and Auditors. The non-computer-related occupations increased slightly over last year, where they represented 8 percent of the total.

13 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS TOP FOUR OCCUPATIONS FOR PREVAILING WAGES TOP OCCUPATIONS AND EMPLOYERS FOR PREVAILING WAGES Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 26,571 8,105 5,959 4,648 10,000 20,000 30,000 The top occupations for PWDs issued in FY 2013 were Software Developers, Applications; Computer System Analysts; Software Developers, Systems Software; and Electronics Engineers, Except Computer. Of these occupations, Software Developers, Applications was the most frequently requested occupation, representing 22 percent of all PWDs issued. Among employers, Oracle America, Inc. was one of the top employers for three of the top four occupations. Google, Inc. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., Microsoft Corporation, and Deloitte Consulting LLP also were among the top five employers for two of the top four TOP FIVE EMPLOYERS FOR THE MOST occupations in FY 2013.

COMMON OCCUPATIONS OCCUPATION TOP EMPLOYERS

Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Microsoft Corporation Google Inc. Deloitte Consulting LLP Oracle America, Inc. JPMorgan Chase & Co. Deloitte Consulting LLP Deloitte & Touche LLP Microsoft Corporation Cisco Systems, Inc. Oracle America, Inc. Intel Corporation Software Developers, Systems Software Google Inc. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Cisco Systems, Inc. Oracle America, Inc. Intel Corporation Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Broadcom Corporation NVIDIA Corporation Motorola Mobility LLC 14 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification OMBUDSMAN PROGRAM The OFLC Ombudsman Program celebrated its first full The Ombudsman Team tracks all inquiries and follows the year of operation in FY 2013. Created in February of 2012 resolution of each question or concern, looking for patterns to improve customer service and strengthen stakeholder or notable problems to be overcome on a programmatic confidence in OFLC case processing, the Ombudsman (rather than case-specific) basis. Recommendations Program aims to provide accessible and consistent service suggesting a program-wide process or policy change may to OFLC stakeholders by conducting independent and also result from these inquiries and resulting review. impartial inquiries into issues related to the administration of the H-2A and H-2B temporary visa programs. The Ombudsman Program answers inquiries on a variety of topics.

These include questions from agents and employers regarding case delays, procedural questions on issues such as wages, designation by the Wage and Hour Division as a foreign labor contractor, and inquiries about workers’ compensation and surety bonds. The program also receives inquiries from advocate groups concerned with terms in job orders, alleged nonexistent corporations, recruitment practices, and the temporary nature of the work in an application. The Ombudsman’s popularity has increased as news of the service has spread. In its first six months of existence in FY 2012 the Team received an average of 11 inquiries a month.

In FY 2013 the Team received an average of 24 inquiries a month. Most of the inquiries were regarding procedures. The next most popular reason for an inquiry was case status. Complaints were the third most common reason for an inquiry and accounted for 25 percent of the total inquiries in FY 2013.

Even though employers are encouraged to utilize the Ombudsman Team’s services directly, the vast majority of inquiries came from attorneys and agents with only 22 percent of the inquiries coming from employers directly. The program receives most inquiries by e-mail; however stakeholders also contact the program by mail or fax. Complex issues are sometimes discussed by phone or in person. The Ombudsman Team initially responds to inquiries within one business day and has as its goal to fully resolve issues within 15 days.

The program also conducts outreach regarding program or policy changes, such as website postings and e-mail updates to stakeholders. 15 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification AVERAGE DAYS TO RESOLVE INQUIRES o t s y a D f o r e b m u N e g a r e v A y r i u q n I e v l o s e R 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5  Number of H-2A Inquiries: 158 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Oct 2012 Nov 2012 Dec 2012 Jan 2013 Feb 2013 Mar 2013 Apr 2013 May 2013 Jun 2013 Jul 2013 Aug 2013 Sept 2013  Number of H-2B Inquiries: 118  Overall Average Days to Resolve Inquiries = 1 Day  Percent Resolved within 15 Days = 100% TYPE OF INQUIRING PARTY Employer, 22% Blank, 1% Agent, 0.35% Union, 0.35% Other, 5% Government Agency, 21% Agent/Attorney, 53% TYPE OF INQUIRY Advocate Group, 23 % Case Status, 32% Complaint, 25% Other, 3% Information Confirmation, 2% Procedural, 38% 16 Permanent Labor Certification PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION ATLANTA NATIONAL PROCESSING CENTER The National Processing Center in Atlanta, Georgia In FY 2013, the Atlanta NPC processed an average of 849 (Atlanta NPC) is responsible for processing applications applications per week, 3,679 applications per month, and received by OFLC for permanent labor certifications under 11,037 applications per quarter. In total, the Atlanta NPC the INA. The Atlanta NPC adjudicates applications for certified 35,202 applications and denied 5,873 permanent employment-based immigration filed primarily applications, and 3,074 applications were withdrawn, for a through the Permanent Electronic Review Management total of 44,149 applications processed during FY (PERM) online submission system, which employers are 2013.

From the total number of applications processed at encouraged, but not required to use. the Atlanta NPC in FY 2013, the Appeals Unit received As part of its adjudication of applications, the Atlanta NPC 5,074 appeals. oversees supervised recruitment for those employers who The Atlanta NPC had 22,860 pending cases on October 1, are required to submit their recruitment plans and results 2012 and ended FY 2013 with 49,826 pending cases – a to the Atlanta NPC. The Atlanta NPC staff also oversees 118 percent increase in pending caseload. The ANPC audits of employers as part of OFLC’s integrity measures processed 24,435 help desk inquiries in FY 2013. and is responsible for preparing files for appeal to the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals. 18 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION SUMMARY OF THE PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAM Under the Permanent Labor Certification Program, an The test involves mandatory and discretionary advertising employer seeking to hire a foreign worker to work as an immigrant in the U.S. submits an application for labor at several levels.

If there are no such U.S. workers, the for Permanent file an Application employer may certification that, if granted, would certify to the Secretary Employment Certification evidencing the recruitment of Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that there are efforts undertaken and other program information. These not sufficient U.S. workers who are qualified and available and other program-related conditions must be met prior to to perform the services sought, and that the employment OFLC granting a permanent labor certification. of the foreign worker will not have an adverse impact on the wages and working conditions of similarly employed workers in the United States. An employer must obtain a labor certification from DOL before it can submit most types of immigrant visa petitions to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), part of the DHS. The PERM labor certification process utilizes an electronic fillable application. increase In FY 2013, employers filed 72,462 applications, a 4 in which 69,738 from FY 2012 percent applications were filed, and a 7.5 percent increase from FY 2011 in which 67,383 applications were filed.

The increase in filings from FY 2011 through FY 2013 primarily in STEM occupations of which Computer, occurred Mathematics; Architecture, and Engineering had the greatest increase in FY 2013. Prior to submitting an application to initiate the employment-based permanent residence process PERM (unless the employer has been placed in in supervised recruitment) the employer must undertake a test of the labor market to determine whether U.S. workers are able, willing, qualified, and available for the job opportunity in the area where the job will be performed. Sixteen States each had more than 500 permanent labor certifications in FY 2013. California, New Jersey, Texas, and New York were the States with the greatest numbers of permanent labor certifications.

The map below highlights each of the States with more than 500 permanent labor certifications in FY 2013. PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS BY STATE AND U.S. TERRITORY WA OR MT ID WY NV UT CA CO KS MO ND SD NE MN IA VT ME WI MI NY IL IN OH WV KY TN PA VA NC NH MA RI CT NJ DE AZ NM OK AR TX LA MS AL GA SC MD Virgin Islands Scale <500 500 - 999 1,000 - 1,999 2,000 - 3,999 > 4,000 AK FL American Samoa Guam Puerto Rico Northern Mariana Islands HI 19 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS BY NAICS CODES/TOP FIVE INDUSTRIES Most industries, as classified by the North American Scientific, and Technical Services industry accounted for Industry Classification System (NAICS), experienced a nearly 47 percent of all permanent labor certifications. This decrease in the number of certifications sought in FY 2013. industry accounts for the largest number of certifications in Together, the top five industries by NAICS code accounted the PERM Program. The other industries rounding out the for over 83 percent of the total number of permanent labor top five were Manufacturing (16%), Information (8%), certifications in FY 2013.

The number of permanent labor Educational Services (6%), and Finance (6%). certifications for occupations listed under the Professional, THE TOP FIVE INDUSTRIES BY (NAICS CODE) WITH THE MOST LABOR CERTIFICATIONS All Other 17.17% Finance and Insurance 5.62% Educational Services 6.21% Information 8.28% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 46.94% Manufacturing 15.78% THE TOP INDUSTRIES BY NAICS CODE FOR THE FISCAL YEARS 2011, 2012, AND 2013 30,000 25.000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 d e i f i t r e C s e s a C FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Manufacturing Information Educational Services Finance and Insurance NAICS CODE INDUSTRY TITLE FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 CASES CERTIFIED CASES CERTIFIED CASES CERTIFIED 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 26,259 23,810 16,525 31-33 Manufacturing 51 61 52 Information Educational Services Finance and Insurance 8,119 5,924 3,724 3,462 20 8,234 4,790 3,829 3,380 5,554 2,914 2,186 1,980 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS BY NAICS CODE FY 2011 CASES FY 2012 CASES CERTIFIED CERTIFIED FY 2013 CASES CERTIFIED % CHANGE FY 12- 13 26,259 23,810 16,525 -30.60% NAICS CODE INDUSTRY TITLE 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 31-33 Manufacturing 51 61 52 62 Information Educational Services Finance and Insurance Health Care and Social Assistance 44-45 Retail Trade Wholesale Trade 42 72 56 81 23 Accommodation and Food Services 1,141 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 730 Other Services (except Public Administration) 1,002 Construction 1,013 48-49 Transportation and Warehousing 21 53 22 55 71 11 92 Mining Real Estate Rental and Leasing Utilities Management of Companies and Enterprises Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Public Administration ALL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS 8,119 5,924 3,724 3,462 3,328 1,713 1,405 375 264 245 227 239 163 246 166 8,234 4,790 3,829 3,380 3,306 1,693 1,206 653 585 676 552 400 326 202 259 278 112 140 101 5,554 2,914 2,186 1,980 1,830 1,196 693 409 -32.55% -39.16% -42.91% -41.42% -44.65% -29.36% -42.54% -37.37% 352 -39.83% 291 288 205 186 140 129 107 81 63 48 -56.95% -47.83% -48.75% -42.94% -30.69% -50.19% -61.51% -27.68% -55.00% -52.48% 59,754 54,532 35,177 -35.49% NO CLASSIFICATION 118 49 25 -48.98% TOTAL 59,863 54,581 35,202 -35.51% 21 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION OCCUPATIONS WITH MORE THAN 1,000 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS SOC OCCUPATIONAL CODE SOC OCCUPATIONAL TITLE NUMBER OF CERTIFICATIONS FY 2012 AVERAGE WAGE OFFER1 FY 2013 AVERAGE WAGE OFFER1 % CHANGE FY 12 - 13 15-1132 Software Developers, Applications 10,757 $94,605.69 $98,368.78 1.44% 15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts 3,524 $89,701.79 $96,308.29 3.86% 15-1133 17-2072 11-3021 Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers 1,746 $100,154.64 $115,176.57 4.82% 1,519 $96,334.46 $112,723.55 1.45% 1,114 $125,882.66 $128,740.20 0.48% 1Permanent Labor System Data. The average wage is weighted per worker and is computed by taking the wage listed for each certified application by the employer and dividing it by the number of employees being certified in that occupation. All exclusions applying under the Occupational Employ- ment Statistics (OES) may not apply under the Permanent Labor System Data. OCCUPATIONS WITH MORE THAN 1,000 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS Employers apply for permanent labor certification in almost every occupational classification.

The Department uses the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system developed for use by Federal statistical agencies. The occupations in the table above represent those in which more than 1,000 applications were certified in FY 2013. These occupations constitute approximately 42 percent of all permanent labor certifications granted in FY 2013. Of the occupations for which more than 1,000 positions were certified in FY 2013, once again Software Developers, Applications was the most requested occupation coming in at 31 percent of the total positions certified. .

22 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION THE TOP FIVE OCCUPATIONS FOR THE TOP FIVE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN The largest number of permanent labor certifications in Canada. The most common occupations for foreign workers FY 2013 was filed for foreign workers originating from India, from South Korea included Accountants and Auditors, China, Canada, South Korea, and the Philippines. Software Electronic Engineers, and Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters Developers, Applications; Computer Systems Analysts; and Trimmers. The most common occupations for foreign Software Developers, Systems Software, and Electronics workers from the Philippines included Secondary School Engineers comprised the majority of job opportunities filled Teachers, Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists, by employers with foreign workers from India, China, and and Occupational Therapists.

TOP FIVE OCCUPATIONS FOR THE TOP FIVE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN COUNTRY OCCUPATIONS INDIA CHINA CANADA SOUTH KOREA PHILIPPINES Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Statisticians Accountants and Auditors Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Accountants and Auditors Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Software Developers, Applications Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career /Technical Education Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologies Occupational Therapists Software Developers, Applications Accountants and Auditors 23 POSITIONS CERTIFIED 8,979 3,189 1,163 863 781 431 187 174 115 97 210 100 90 76 57 77 72 66 63 62 96 86 54 50 42 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS BY STATE AND U.S. TERRITORY In FY 2013, 12 States represented the primary work each had more than 2,000 permanent labor certifications, locations for more than 1,000 permanent labor and California had more than 8,000 permanent labor certifications each. New York, Texas, and New Jersey certifications. STATES WITH MORE THAN 1,000 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS 15,000 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 CA NJ TX NY IL MA VA MI WA GA FL PA STATE FY 2011 NUMBER OF CERTIFICATIONS FY 2012 NUMBER OF CERTIFICATIONS FY 2013 NUMBER OF CERTIFICATIONS California New Jersey Texas New York Illinois Massachusetts Virginia Michigan Washington Georgia Florida Pennsylvania 12,233 12,120 7,171 4,657 5,572 2,757 1,963 2,317 1,808 4,223 1,574 2,039 1,586 5,461 4,625 4,652 2,418 1,970 2,074 1,570 3,205 1,570 1,763 1,752 24 8,280 3,241 2,936 2,732 1,521 1,441 1,413 1,314 1,281 1,198 1,170 1,092 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION THE FIVE STATES WITH THE MOST PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS NY TX IL NJ CA STATE California New Jersey Texas New York Illinois TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL 8,280 3,241 2,936 2,732 1,521 23.52% 9.21% 8.34% 7.76% 4.32% NY NJ IL CA TX THE TOP TWO MAJOR OCCUPATIONS FOR THE TOP FIVE STATES CALIFORNIA NEW JERSEY TEXAS NEW YORK ILLINOIS Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Manufacturing Finance and Insurance Manufacturing Finance and Insurance Manufacturing STATES WITH THE MOST PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS AND TOP MAJOR INDUSTRIES California, New Jersey, Texas, New York, and Illinois were California, with 8,280 certifications, received nearly 24 the five States with the largest numbers of permanent percent of the total number of permanent labor labor certifications in FY 2013. Within the five States, the certifications issued in FY 2013.

California’s two major occupational positions of highest demand in FY 2013 were industries receiving permanent labor certifications were found in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services and Services, Manufacturing, and Finance and Insurance Manufacturing. industries. 25 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION TOP 10 CITIES FOR PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATIONS Redmond, WA (524) Hillsboro, OR (500) Chicago, IL (453) Chicago, IL (453) New York, NY (1,643) Houston, TX (885) 560 483 561 696 850 San Francisco Mountain View Sunnyvale Santa Clara San Jose 500 or Less 800 or More TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY New York, NY 1,643 Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC Houston, TX 885 Bechtel Oil, Gas and Chemicals, Inc. San Jose, CA 850 eBay Inc. Santa Clara, CA 696 Intel Corporation San Francisco, CA 560 Salesforce.com Sunnyvale, CA 561 Yahoo! Redmond, WA 524 Microsoft Corporation Hillsboro, OR 500 Intel Corporation Mountain View, CA 483 Google Inc. Chicago, IL Edison, NJ 453 443 Capgemini U.S. LLC Oracle Financial Services Software Inc. 64 27 145 170 51 138 446 474 229 32 41 26 Software Developers, Applications Mechanical Engineers Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Applications Computer Software Engineer, Applications Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION COUNTRIES OF IMMIGRANT ORIGIN (CITIZENSHIP) WITH MORE THAN 1,000 CERTIFIED POSITIONS Canada 1,563 South Korea 1,406 China 2,135 India 20,930 COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP India China Canada2 South Korea2 POSITIONS CERTIFIED 20,930 2,135 1,563 1,406 PERCENT OF TOTAL AVERAGE ANNUAL SALARY1 59.46% 6.06% 4.44% 3.99% $101,585.99 $96,539.75 $116,453.90 $78,528.43 TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED 26,034 73.96% TOTAL PERMANENT LABOR POSITIONS CERTIFIED FY 2013 35,202 100.00% 1 The average wage is weighted per application. 2 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member country.

COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN (CITIZENSHIP) WITH MORE THAN 1,000 CERTIFICATIONS In FY 2013, India remained the country of origin with the Workers from India represented over 59 percent of most certifications for foreign workers in the Permanent permanent labor certifications approved, while each of the Labor Certification Program, and China remained the other countries represented approximately 6 percent or country of origin with the second highest number of less of certifications. The top four countries represented permanent labor certifications and Canada remained the almost 74 percent of the total number of certifications in FY country of origin of the third highest number of permanent 2013. labor certifications. 27 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION THE 25 EMPLOYERS WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS Intel Corporation was the employer with the highest percent of the applications filed by the top 25 employers number of applications certified during FY 2013, with more were for the three occupations of Software Developers, than 900 applications. Many of the top 25 employers are Applications, Electronics Engineers, Except Computer, and technology or computer-related companies.

Nearly 75 Software Developers, Systems Software. OCCUPATIONS CERTIFIED MOST OFTEN FOR THE 25 EMPLOYERS WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS EMPLOYER AND TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP OCCUPATION FOR EMPLOYER TOP POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR EMPLOYER Intel Corporation OR 949 Microsoft Corporation 538 Oracle America, Inc. 489 Google Inc. 300 Cisco Systems, Inc. 274 Amazon Corporate LLC 271 Apple Inc. 211 Deloitte Consulting LLP 186 Cognizant Technology Solu- tions, US Corporation 185 HCL America Inc. 179 Bank of America 161 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer Software Engineers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer and Information Systems Managers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts 28 331 238 323 29 197 99 164 60 65 64 152 31 60 48 59 54 99 50 62 58 59 22 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION OCCUPATIONS CERTIFIED MOST OFTEN FOR THE 25 EMPLOYERS WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE) EMPLOYER AND TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP OCCUPATION FOR EMPLOYER TOP POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY EMPLOYER Yahoo! Inc. 159 Computer Software Engineers, Applications Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software eBay Inc. 158 IBM Corporation 131 Kforce Inc. 126 PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP 122 Ernst & Young U.S. LLP 120 VMware, Inc. 116 Broadcom Corporation 111 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Accountants and Auditors Accountants and Auditors Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 104 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Qualcomm, Inc. 98 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Mastech, Inc., A Software Developers, Applications Mastech Holdings, Inc. Company 97 Atmospheric and Space Scientists NVIDIA Corporation 96 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications HCL Global Systems Inc. 90 Network and Computer Systems Administrators* Verizon Communications Inc., & All Its Subsidiaries & Affiliates 87 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts 29 38 35 113 21 66 23 91 13 45 36 34 32 80 19 66 34 59 43 47 32 71 8 46 28 74 8 44 9 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION EDUCATION IN THE PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OVERVIEW Permanent labor certification applications from educational In the occupational category with the next highest number employers accounted for approximately 6 percent of the of positions certified for educational employers, Healthcare total positions certified in FY 2013, or 1,955 certifications Practitioners and Technical Occupations, 149 positions granted. Of the positions certified for educational were certified, constituting almost 8 percent of the total employers in FY 2013, nearly 77 percent were requested educational positions certified.

Computer and by colleges, universities, and professional schools, more Mathematical Occupations; Life, Physical, and Social than three times as many as were requested by more junior Science Occupations; and Management Occupations each institutions of education - elementary schools, secondary accounted from approximately 3 to over 5 percent of the schools, and community colleges - combined. positions certified, with all other occupations individually accounting for 1 percent or less of the positions certified for educational employers. Educational employers primarily sought positions in Education, Training, and Library occupations, with these occupations constituting 76 percent of the educational positions certified, or 1,489 permanent labor certifications. This wide occupational category includes occupations from pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, secondary school, and special education teachers, to post- secondary teachers in their various specialty areas. It also includes teaching assistants, self-enrichment education teachers, librarians, curators, archivists, audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists, and instructional designers and coordinators.

In FY 2013, the States with the highest demand from educational employers each had over 100 certified positions. California, Texas, and New York were among those States experiencing the highest demand among educational employers in PERM in FY 2013, with 243 positions certified for California, 149 positions certified for Texas, and 102 positions certified for New York. 30 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION PERMANENT LABOR EDUCATION CERTIFICATIONS 35,202 Permanent Labor Certified Positions Elementary and Secondary School Positions Certified 430 Positions Certified 21.99% 1.02% Community Colleges 20 Positions Certified 33,247 Non Education Certifications 76.98% 5.55% 1,955 Education Certifications Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools Positions Certified 1,505 Positions Certified PERMANENT LABOR EDUCATION CERTIFICATIONS BY SOC OCCUPATION CODE SOC CODE SOC OCCUPATION 25-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science occupation 11-0000 Management Occupations 13-0000 Business and Financial Operation Occupations 27-0000 Arts Design, Entertainments, Sports, and Media 21-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations TOTAL PERMANENT LABOR EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL PERMANENT LABOR POSITIONS CERTIFIED 31 TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 76.16% 7.62% 5.42% 4.35% 3.38% 0.92% 0.77% 0.66% 0.66% 0.05% 1,489 149 106 85 66 18 15 13 13 1 1,955 35,202 PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION TOP 10 STATES FOR PERMANENT LABOR EDUCATION CERTIFICATIONS AND TOP 3 EMPLOYERS FOR EACH STATE EMPLOYER POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR EMPLOYER STATE TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED California 243 Los Angeles Unified School District Leland Stanford Jr, University University of California, Irvine University of California, Los Angeles Dallas Independent School District Texas 149 Alief Independent School District New York 102 Texas Tech University State University of New York New York University Fordham University University of Michigan Michigan 89 Michigan State University Florida 87 Michigan Technological University University of Florida Florida State University University of Miami University of Massachusetts Massachusetts 87 Trustees of Boston University Boston Higashi School Inc. University of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 80 The Pennsylvania State University Illinois 78 The University of Chicago University of Pittsburgh University of Illinois Ohio Iowa 61 58 Northwestern University The Ohio State University The University of Toledo Kent State University University of Iowa Iowa State University Maharishi University of Management 32 66 13 9 9 13 11 9 15 7 7 32 15 12 20 13 9 14 11 7 12 11 8 20 7 7 12 5 5 36 8 4 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification CHICAGO NATIONAL PROCESSING CENTER The National Processing Center in Chicago, Illinois H-2A Program, 90 applications per week for the H-2B (Chicago NPC) is responsible for processing applications Program, and 8,312 applications per week for the H-1B, received by ETA from employers throughout the United H-1B1, and E-3 Programs. The Chicago NPC processed States that seek temporary workers under the H-2A two D-1 applications in FY 2013.

Agricultural Program, H-2B Non-agricultural Program, H-1B Specialty (Professional) Worker Program (including H-1B1 for Chile and Singapore and E-3 for Australia), and D-1 Crewmember (Longshore) Program. Cross-trained analysts enable the Chicago NPC to be flexible and meet processing goals, as does expanded use of electronic communication and filing capabilities. Direct electronic communications with employers are decreasing On average in FY 2013, the Chicago NPC processed mailing costs and increasing efficiency. The help desk e- 1,751 applications per day, 8,757 applications per week, mail box received approximately 28,127 emails in and 37,946 applications per month for H-2A, H-2B, H-1B, FY 2013, which is significantly lower than the previous H-1B1, and E-3 Programs combined.

The Chicago NPC year when the Center received over 65,000 help desk received on average 158 applications per week for the inquiries. 34 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification OVERVIEW The Department issues labor certifications for temporary employment under several nonimmigrant programs: H-1B Specialty (Professional) Worker Program; H-1B1 Specialty Worker Program (Chile and Singapore); E-3 Specialty Worker Program (Australia); H-2A (Agricultural) Program; H- 2B (Non-Agricultural) Program; and the D-1 Crewmember (Longshore) Program. These are the categories of nonimmigrant workers that cannot be admitted to work in the United States unless the employer possesses a valid labor certification or labor condition application, which generally certifies except where not required by statute (in the H-1B, H- 1B1 and E-3 categories, except for certain positions), that the employment of a foreign worker will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of workers in the United States who are similarly employed and that there are not sufficient U.S. workers to perform the work. .

SUMMARY OF TEMPORARY LABOR

In addition to accepting and processing applications, the Department issues regulations and policy directives that delineate the specific obligations in, and processes to be followed for, each program. OFLC data for FY 2013 shows an 11 percent increase in the number of H-1B positions certified from FY 2012, for a total of 944,842. The number of positions certified for the H-2A Program increased by almost 16 percent from FY 2012 to 98,821 and the number of positions certified for the H-2B Program increased by 9 percent from FY 2012, to a total of 82,307. . 35 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TEMPORARY LABOR CERTIFICATION FY 2010 THRU FY 2013 900,000 600,000 300,000 H-1B H-2A H-2B SUMMARY OF TEMPORARY LABOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 % CHANGE FY 12 - 13 H-1B H-2A H-2B TOTAL Determinations 328,903 352,214 408,038 433,586 6.26% Labor Condition Applications Certified 280,503 314,541 377,447 410,834 8.84% Positions Requested 567,939 737,958 940,812 984,184 4.61% Positions Certified 505,131 682,048 847,959 944,842 11.43% Determinations 7,378 7,361 8,047 8,388 4.24% Labor Certification Applications Certified 6,988 7,000 7,845 8,118 3.48% Positions Requested 89,177 83,844 90,362 105,735 17.01% Positions Certified 79,011 77,246 85,248 98,821 15.92% Determinations Labor Certification Applications Certified 4,535 3,726 4,409 3,806 4,211 3,563 4,710 11.85% 3,990 11.98% Positions Requested 113,031 97,267 94,538 98,402 4.09% Positions Certified 93,599 83,152 75,458 82,307 9.08% DETERMINATIONS 340,816 363,984 420,296 446,684 6.28% LABOR CERTIFICATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS REQUESTED POSITIONS CERTIFIED 291,217 325,347 388,855 422,942 8.76% 770,147 919,069 1,125,712 1,188,321 5.56% 677,741 842,446 1,008,665 1,125,970 11.63% 36 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification SUMMARY OF H-1B SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS PROGRAM VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 % CHANGE FY 12 - 13 Determinations 328,903 352,214 408,038 433,586 6.26% Labor Condition Applications Certified H-1B Positions Requested 567,939 737,958 280,503 314,541 377,447 410,834 8.84% 940,8 12 984,184 4.61% Positions Certified 505,131 682,048 847,959 944,842 11.43% H-1B TEMPORARY LABOR CONDITION APPLICATIONS FOR SPECIALTY WORKERS OVERVIEW in law, in education and/or experience the H-1B Program allows an employer to By temporarily employ a foreign worker in the United States in a specialty occupation or as a fashion model of distinguished merit and ability.

A specialty occupation requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent the (e.g., Science, Medicine and specialized discipline Healthcare, Education, Biotechnology, and Business Specialties). Current law limits the number of foreign workers who may be issued a new H-1B visa to 65,000 each fiscal year, with certain exceptions, with an additional 20,000 visas designated for those possessing advanced degrees earned at U.S. institutions. A Labor Condition Application (LCA) is filed with OFLC for processing; OFLC reviews the document, which contains the employer’s attestations to its obligations in the H-1B Program, for obvious errors and omissions and may certify the Department’s acceptance of the attestations. . 37 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TRENDS AND TOP THREE OCCUPATIONS FOR H-1B LCAs OFLC data for FY 2013 indicate a continuing trend in in- creased demand for job opportunities for H-1B workers in specialized occupations.

There was an almost 5 percent increase in the number of H-1B positions requested and an 11 percent increase in the number of positions certified compared to FY 2012. As has been the case in previous years, the top three occupations for positions certified were all computer-related occupations; the 247,026 Computer Systems Analysts positions represent 26 percent of the total H-1B positions certified in FY 2013. TOP THREE OCCUPATIONS FOR H-1B CERTIFIED POSITIONS 46.23% All Other Occupations Computer Occupations, All Other 11.38% 16.24% 26.14% Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analysts OCCUPATION TOTAL H-1B APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL H-1B POSITIONS CERTIFIED CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS AS % OF ALL H-1B APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS AS % OF ALL H-1B APPLICATIONS Computer Systems Analysts 81,430 247,026 19.82% 26.14% Computer Programmers 55,383 153,427 13.48% 16.24% Computer Occupations, All Other 28,710 107,544 6.99% 11.38% All Other Occupations 245,311 436,845 59.71% 46.23% 38 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 EMPLOYERS FOR H-1B FOR POSITIONS CERTIFIED AND THE TOP OCCUPATION AND WORK STATE FOR THE CORRESPONDING EMPLOYER EMPLOYER POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL H-1B CERTIFIED POSITIONS TOP WORK STATE FOR EMPLOYER TOP OCCUPATION FOR EMPLOYER Wipro Limited 104,493 11.06% California Computer Occupations, All Other IGATE Technologies, Inc. 58,176 6.16% California Computer Programmers Syntel Consulting, Inc. 44,230 4.68% California Computer Systems Analysts Syntel, Inc. 40,986 4.34% California Computer and Information Systems Managers Cognizant Technology Solutions, US Corporation 40,416 4.28% New Jersey Computer Systems Analysts Infosys Limited 39,992 4.23% California Computer Systems Analysts PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP 27,780 2.94% California Computer Systems Analysts Oracle America, Inc. 24,432 2.59% California Computer Software Engineers, Applications Tata Consultancy Services Limited 21,228 2.25% Illinois Computer Programmers Deloitte Consulting, LLP 19,115 2.02% Pennsylvania Computer Systems Analysts TOP 10 EMPLOYERS FOR H-1B AND THE TOP OCCUPATIONS AND WORK STATES Wipro Limited was the top employer for H-1B positions certified in FY 2013, with 104,493 positions certified, making up more than 11 percent of the total number of H-1B positions certified that fiscal year. California was the top work State for 7 out of the top 10 H-1B employers.

New Jersey, Illinois, and Pennsylvania rounded out the top states for the top 10 H-1B employers. Each of the top 10 H-1B employers’ top occupations were in the computer related fields such as Computer Programmers and Computer Systems Analysts. 39 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification Condition STATES WITH MORE THAN 5,000 CERTIFIED H-1B LCAs There were 18 States in which at least 5,000 certified were Labor issued. California led the country in the most certified LCAs with close to 19 percent of the total certified or 77,633.

Arizona was the 18th with 6,043. California, Texas, New York, New Jersey and Illinois rounded out the top five and had more than 46 percent of the total certified Applications (LCAs) LCAs. Most of the top five states continued the trend of seeing an increase in certified LCAs. California increased its certified LCAs by 8,706 in FY 2013 over FY 2012; Texas increased by 4,969; New Jersey increased by 2,272; and Illinois increased by 2,322.

However, New York saw a decrease of 1,057 certified LCAs. TREND OF FY 2013 TOP FIVE STATES OVER THE FISCAL YEARS 2011, 2012, & 2013 STATE FISCAL YEAR APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY FISCAL YEAR BY STATE CALIFORNIA FY 2011 57,033 117,157 160,000 FY 2012 68,927 144,823 80,000 FY 2013 77,633 172,393 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 NEW YORK FY 2011 35,004 63,985 100,000 50,000 FY 2012 38,464 80,058 FY 2013 37,407 73,647 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 TEXAS FY 2011 27,775 56,558 80,000 FY 2012 34,600 70,717 40,000 FY 2013 39,569 75,563 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 NEW JERSEY FY 2011 21,280 48,019 60,000 FY 2012 25,870 56,476 30,000 FY 2013 28,142 62,008 ILLINOIS FY 2011 16,700 39,645 FY 2012 20,740 47,913 0 60,000 30,000 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2013 23,062 53,617 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 40 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 CITIES FOR H-1B BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED San Francisco, CA (16,637) Sunnyvale, CA (13,827) Santa Clara, CA San Jose, CA (18,395) San Diego, CA (10,081) 10,000 or Less 40,000 or More Chicago, IL (16,260) New York, NY (41,663) Philadelphia, PA (13,952) Atlanta, GA (18,796) Houston, TX (20,985) TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY New York, NY 41,663 PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP 4,005 Computer Systems Analysts Houston, TX 20,985 Wipro Limited 2,183 Computer Occupations, All Other Atlanta, GA 18,796 Wipro Limited 1,688 Computer Occupations, All Other San Jose, CA 18,395 Wipro Limited 3,112 Computer Occupations, All Other Chicago, IL 16,260 Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation 1,855 Computer Systems Analysts San Francisco, CA 14,637 Wipro Limited 1,290 Computer Occupations, All Other Philadelphia, PA 13,952 Deloitte Consulting LLP 7,083 Computer Systems Analysts Sunnyvale, CA 13,827 Wipro Limited 5,455 Computer Occupations, All Other Santa Clara, CA 10,117 NVIDIA Corporation 2,615 Software Developers, Systems Software San Diego, CA 10,081 Qualcomm Technologies, INC. 1,824 Computer Occupations, All Other 41 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS FOR E-3 AUSTRALIA OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED Software Developers, Applications 604 Management Analysts 195 Accountants and Auditors Computer Systems Analysts 170 313 Marketing Managers 262 607 571 510 470 315 Computer and Information Systems Managers Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 157 302 294 296 Financial Analysts 262 271 by the Emergency The E-3 Australia Specialty Worker Program was established Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, P.L. 109-13, which was signed by the President on May 11, 2005. The E-3 Program foreign allows employers professionals from Australia to work in the United States. temporarily employ to TOP FIVE STATES FOR E-3 AUSTRALIA POSITIONS CERTIFIED WA CA IL NY General and Operations Managers 248 250 Financial Managers 142 142 TX STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR E-3 New York California Illinois Texas Washington 2,622 1,815 425 421 390 33.33% 23.07% 5.40% 5.35% 4.96% temporary work Current law provides for 10,500 new visas each fiscal year for Australian nationals seeking in specialty occupations that require, at a minimum, a bachelor’s degree in the field of specialization. As with the H-1B and H-1B1 Programs, an LCA is filed with OFLC.

E-3 certification is valid for the period of employment indicated on the LCA, which may be up to two years. In FY 2013, 7,867 E-3 positions were certified from 6,669 applications. New York and California were the top work States for E-3 positions, each with over 1,000 positions certified and together accounting for more than 50 percent of the total E-3 positions certified in FY 2013. Each of the top 10 occupations reflected on E-3 certifications were computer-related occupations or management, business, and financial occupations.

42 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS FOR H-1B1 CHILE OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED Self-Enrichment Education Teachers Agricultural Inspectors Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers Software Developers, Applications VA NC H-1B1 CHILE/SINGAPORE SPECIALTY WORKER PROGRAM Financial Analysts Management Analysts The H-1B1 Specialty Worker Program became available January 1, 2004, allowing employers to temporarily employ foreign professionals from Chile and Singapore in the The H-1B1 United States in specialty occupations. program was established by the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 108-77) and the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 108-78). Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education General and Operations Managers Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 10 35 23 22 16 13 13 4 11 11 77 37 23 22 16 13 13 12 11 11 TOP FIVE STATES FOR H-1B1 CHILE POSITIONS CERTIFIED CA IL NY FL TX STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR H-1B1 CHILE California Florida Illinois New York Texas 99 75 50 43 33 20.93% 15.86% 10.57% 9.09% 6.98% Current law provides for 1,400 new visas for foreign workers from Chile and 5,400 for foreign workers from Singapore each fiscal year. Similar to the H-1B and E-3 programs, an LCA is filed with OFLC. Like the H-1B certification, the H-1B1 certification is valid for the period of employment indicated on the LCA, which may be up to three years.

As defined by statute, a specialty occupation requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent in the specific specialty (e.g., Science, Medicine and Healthcare, Education, Biotechnology, and Business Specialties). Both H-1B1 Chile and H-1B1 Singapore allow for alternative credentials for certain professions, including Disaster Relief Claims Adjuster and Management Consultant professionals from both countries. For Chilean nationals only, Agricultural Managers and Physical Therapists can also qualify with alternative requirements. 43 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification H-1B1 CHILE/SINGAPORE SPECIALTY WORKER PROGRAM (CONTINUED) TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS FOR H-1B1 SINGAPORE OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED Accountants and Auditors Management Analysts Software Developers, Applications VA NC Financial Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Managers, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 31 28 44 35 11 29 26 14 12 12 593 126 44 44 35 29 26 14 12 12 In the H-1B1 Singapore Program, California and Texas were the top states for positions certified, each with over 200 certified positions representing about 60 percent of the H-1B1 Singapore positions certified in FY 2013.

The top 10 occupations for H-1B1 Singapore positions certified in FY 2013 consisted of engineering, computer- related, management, and business and financial occupations. Accountants and Auditors emerged as the top occupations for H-1B1 Singapore in FY 2013. In FY 2013, the top work States for H-1B1 Chile positions certified were California, Florida, and Illinois each with more than 50 positions certified. These three States accounted for almost 48 percent of the positions certified for the H-1B1 Chile Program.

The top 10 occupations for the H-1B1 Chile Program in FY 2013 varied widely, and included education occupations, agriculture-related occupations, business and financial occupations, computer-related occupations, and architects. The top occupation was Self-Enrichment Education Teachers. TOP FIVE STATES FOR H-1B1 SINGAPORE POSITIONS CERTIFIED CA IL NY SC TX STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR H-1B1 SINGAPORE California Texas New York Illinois South Carolina 504 202 161 96 50 42.82% 17.16% 13.68% 8.16% 4.25% 44 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification H-1B EDUCATION CERTIFICATION STATISTICS OVERVIEW labor condition applications H-1B from educational employers accounted for nearly 4 percent of the total positions certified in FY 2013, a drop from last year of about 1 percent. Of the positions certified for educational employers in FY 2013, approximately 70 percent were requested by colleges and universities, while 29 percent were requested by elementary and secondary schools and 1 percent by community colleges.

Educational employers continued to primarily seek positions in Education, Training, and Library occupations, with these occupations constituting more than 50 percent of the positions certified, which was a 5 percent decrease from last year. This occupational category includes pre- school, kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, secondary school, and special education teachers, post- secondary teachers in their various specialty areas, teaching assistants, self-enrichment education teachers, librarians, curators, archivists, audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists, and instructional designers and coordinators. the positions certified Life, Physical, and Social Science continued to be the next most sought occupational category, representing 29 percent of for educational employers, which was an increase of 3 percent over last year. Healthcare Practitioners and Technical occupations, Computer and Mathematical Operations occupations, Engineering Architecture occupations each accounted for 3 to 7 percent of the other positions certified for educational employers, with all other and and occupations individually accounting for less than 2 percent of the positions certified for educational employers. In FY 2013, the States with the highest demand from educational employers each had at least 960 certified positions.

New York, Texas, and California saw the highest demand from educational employers in FY 2013, with 7,545 positions certified for New York, a 31 percent decrease in positions certified for the State over FY 2012 – most of those due to the New York City Department of Education requesting more than 3,000 fewer positions in FY 2013. In New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, and Ohio, the top three educational employers in each State received over half of the total positions certified for educational employers in that State. Except for Texas, California, Illinois, and Florida, the educational employer receiving the most certified positions in each of the top 10 States received at least 20 percent of the total certified positions for that State. In New York, the top educational employer was New York City Department of Education, which received over 69 percent of the certified positions for that State and 15 percent of the certified positions among educational employers nationwide.

Overall, education position requests fell by 5,607 from last year with the New York City Department of Education accounting for 3,385 of those 5,607 positions. 45 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification H-1B EDUCATION CERTIFICATIONS 944,842 H-1B Certified Positions 910,608 Non-Education Certifications Primary/Secondary Schools 9,930 Positions Certified Community Colleges 225 Positions Certified 29.01% 0.66% 70.34% 3.62% 34,234 Education Certifications Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 24,079 Positions Certified H-1B EDUCATION CERTIFICATIONS BY SOC OCCUPATION CODE SOC CODE SOC CODE OCCUPATION WITH EDUCATION OCCUPATIONS TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 25-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science occupation 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 11-0000 Management Occupations 13-0000 Business and Financial Operation Occupations 27-0000 Arts Design, Entertainments, Sports, and Media 21-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations 43-0000 Office and administrative Support 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 23-0000 Legal 49-0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupation 31-0000 Health Care Support 45-0000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 53-0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving related 41-0000 Sales and Related 17,420 10,010 2,414 1,812 1,081 543 342 287 216 50 42 7 3 3 1 1 1 1 TOTAL H-1B EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL H-1B POSITIONS CERTIFIED 34,234 944,842 46 50.89% 29.24% 7.05% 5.29% 3.16% 1.59% 1.00% 0.84% 0.63% 0.15% 0.12% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 STATES FOR H-1B EDUCATION CERTIFICATIONS AND TOP 3 EMPLOYERS FOR EACH STATE STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY STATE TOP THREE STATE EMPLOYERS New York 7,545 Columbia University New York City Department of Education State University of New York At Buffalo Dallas Independent School District Texas 3,731 Baylor College of Medicine The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford, Jr. California 2,679 University of California, Davis University of California, San Francisco Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 1,491 University of Pittsburgh The Pennsylvania State University University of Illinois Illinois 1,205 Northwestern University Massachusetts 1,135 University of Chicago Harvard University Trustees of Boston University Northeastern University University of Massachusetts Medical School University of Florida Florida 1,079 The Florida State University University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Maryland 1,052 University of Maryland College Park Baltimore City Public Schools University of Michigan Michigan 985 Michigan State University Wayne State University The Ohio State University Ohio 960 Case Western Reserve University Xavier University 47 TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY EMPLOYER IN CORRESPONDING STATE 5,237 317 174 371 308 233 225 218 189 374 289 173 224 203 176 316 153 98 98 209 105 93 360 229 149 424 215 103 270 158 90 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification SUMMARY OF H-2A TEMPORARY LABOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAM VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 % CHANGE FY 12 - 13 Determinations Labor Certification Applications Certified 7,378 6,988 7,361 7,000 8,047 7,845 8,388 4.24% 8,118 3.48% Positions Requested 89,177 83,844 90,362 105,735 17.01% H-2A Positions Certified 79,011 77,246 85,248 98,821 15.92% H-2A TEMPORARY LABOR CERTIFICATION FOR AGRICULTURAL WORKERS The H-2A Agricultural Temporary Labor Certification Program is designed to provide our Nation’s farms with short-term agricultural labor when the number of available domestic workers is insufficient. H-2A labor certification is generally granted for activities lasting 10 months or less. Most occupations (e.g., field hand) require unskilled or low- skilled labor, while a few (e.g., operator of combines) require specialized skills.

There is no yearly limit (cap) on the number of foreign workers who may be issued an H-2A visa. An employer seeking to employ agricultural workers under the H-2A Program files an H-2A Application for Temporary Employment Certification with OFLC, and performs recruitment activities to conduct a test of the labor market for U.S. workers subsequent to the filing of the application. In FY 2013, 105,735 agricultural labor positions were requested and 98,821 were certified, which was an increase of about 17 percent in the number of positions requested for H-2A job opportunities submitted compared to FY 2012 and there was an increase of almost 16 percent in the number of positions certified. There was also an increase of 4 percent in the number of H-2A temporary employment certification applications certified in FY 2013 over FY 2012.

48 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification STATES WITH MORE THAN 2,000 H-2A CERTIFICATIONS Over 2,000 positions were certified for work in each of 19 States. Of these States, North Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Washington, and Kentucky had the greatest demand, with over 5,000 positions certified for each State. For the seventh consecutive year, North Carolina continued to be the top state for H-2A workers with 12,386 certified positions, which represents an 18 percent increase in positions over last year. Florida, Georgia, and Washington also saw increase in demand for H-2A workers.

H-2A CERTIFICATIONS BY STATE AND U.S. TERRITORY ME VT NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD MN WI IA MI NY PA IN OH IL KY TN WV VA NC SC MS AL GA WA OR MT ID WY NV UT ND SD NE CA CO KS MO AZ NM OK AR TX LA AK HI FL Virgin Islands Scale < 2,000 2,000 - 3,999 4,000 - 5,999 6,000 - 7,999 8,000 - 9,999 > 10,000 American Samoa Guam Puerto Rico Northern Mariana Islands 49 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 EMPLOYERS WITH THE MOST H-2A CERTIFIED WORKERS 12,000 10,000 9,637 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 4,541 1,545 1,503 1,333 1,225 1,189 1,165 922 890 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Rank Employer North Carolina Growers Association, Inc. (NCGA) Washington Farm Labor Association Positions Certified 9,637 4,541 Virginia Agricultural Growers Association, Inc. (VAGA) 1,545 1,503 1,333 1,225 1,189 1,165 922 890 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. Western Range Association Zirkle Fruit Company Sierra Cascade Nursery, Inc. Rodrigo Gutierrez-Tapia Lowry Farms, Inc. 10 R & R Harvesting, Inc. TOP 10 EMPLOYERS WITH THE MOST H-2A CERTIFIED WORKERS In FY 2013, the North Carolina Growers Association, Inc. was the number one employer for H-2A workers having 9,637 certified positions and accounting for nearly 78 percent of North Carolina’s H-2A positions. The next employer was the Washington Farm Labor Association with 4,541 certified positions and accounting for nearly 72 percent of Washington’s H-2A positions. Even though the Virginia Agricultural Growers Association, Inc. (VAGA) was the third largest employer for H-2A workers, Virginia ranked 12th in the country. VAGA received 1,545 certified positions accounting for about 58 percent of Virginia’s total.

50 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 5 H-2A OCCUPATIONS BY CERTIFIED POSITIONS (BASED ON SOC CODE TITLES) Occupation Positions Certified Key Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery and Greenhouse 87,907 Farmers, Farm, Ranch and 5,548 Aquacultural Animals Agricultural Equipment Operators 4,492 Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products 335 Agricultural Workers, All Other 212 All Other Occupations 327 0.21% 0.33% 0.34% 4.55% 5.61% 88.96% 51 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 CITIES FOR H-2A BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED Brewster, WA (1,552) Mattawa, WA (1,088) Yerington, NV (1,670) Yuma, AZ (1,223) 1000 or Less 9,500 or More Hermitage, AR (1,060) Dry Fork, VA (1,169) Vass, NC (9,680) Glennville, GA (1,136) Arcadia, FL (2,552) LaBelle, FL (1,041) TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY Vass, NC 9,680 North Carolina Growers Association, Inc. (NCGA) Arcadia, FL 2,522 Desoto Fruit and Harvesting, Inc. Yerington, NV 1,670 Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. Brewster, WA 1,552 Washington Farm Labor Association Yuma, AZ 1,223 Foothill Packing, Inc. Dry Fork, VA 1,169 Virginia Agricultural Growers Association, Inc. (VAGA) Glennville, GA 1,136 Bland Farms Production and Packing, LLC Mattawa, WA 1,088 Zirkle Fruit Company Hermitage, AR 1,060 Clanton Farms, LLC LaBelle, FL 1,041 Everglades Harvesting and Hauling, Inc. 52 9,637 571 1,503 1,552 507 1,169 665 1,000 450 387 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification SUMMARY OF H-2B TEMPORARY LABOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAM VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 % CHANGE FY 12 - 13 Determinations Labor Certification Applications Certified H-2B 4,535 3,726 4,409 3,806 4,211 3,563 4,710 11.85% 3,990 11.98% Positions Requested 113,031 97,267 94,538 98,402 4.09% Positions Certified 93,599 83,152 75,458 82,307 9.08% H-2B LABOR CERTIFICATION FOR NON-AGRICULTURAL WORKERS to perform foreign workers The H-2B nonimmigrant program allows an employer to temporary, non- employ agricultural services or labor on a one-time, seasonal, peak load or intermittent basis. The employer’s need must generally be 10 months or less, except in the case of a one-time occurrence, which may last up to 3 years. H-2B occupations range across industries; the most requested occupations are found in the Landscaping, Forestry, and Outdoor Amusement industries, but Fish Cutters and Trimmers, Construction Laborers, Nonfarm Animal Caretakers, and Coaches and Scouts are also common in the H-2B Program. The H-2B category saw a 4 percent increase in the number of positions requested and a 9 percent increase in the number of positions certified in FY 2013 from the previous year.

Twelve States had over 2,500 positions certified during the fiscal year, and the greatest number of job opportunities for H-2B temporary workers in FY 2013 appeared in Texas, Florida, and Maryland. Landscaping and Groundskeeping workers, Forest and Conservation Workers, and Amusement and Recreation Attendants were the most certified three occupations with positions for H-2B temporary workers in FY 2013. the 53 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification EMPLOYERS WITH THE MOST H-2B CERTIFIED WORKERS for This year Superior Forestry Service, Inc. was the H-2B employer seeking the most H-2B positions with 862 H-2B the occupation of Forest and workers certified Conservation Workers, an increase of 45 percent in the number of positions over FY 2012. Faith Forestry this year’s second-largest H-2B Services, employer with 779 workers, which was an increase of 36 percent over FY 2012. The Brickman Group Ltd, LLC Inc. was was this year’s third-largest H-2B employer with 661 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers.

American Pool Enterprises, Inc. remained in fourth position this year with 581 H-2B workers certified in FY 2013 in three different occupations and Alpha Services, LLC fell from first to fifth position with 549 Forest and Conservations Workers certified. Recreation Attendants accounted for 7 percent of the total H-2B positions certified. EMPLOYERS WITH THE MOST H-2B CERTIFIED WORKERS EMPLOYER NAME POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY EMPLOYER OCCUPATION Superior Forestry Services, Inc. 862 Forest and Conservation Workers Faith Forestry Services, Inc. 779 Forest and Conservation Workers The Brickman Group Ltd LLC 661 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers POSITIONS CERTIFIED IN STATED OCCUPATION BY EMPLOYER 862 779 661 Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational 499 American Pool Enterprises, Inc. 581 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Office Clerks, General Alpha Services, LLC 549 Forest and Conservation Workers 76 6 549 54 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification STATES WITH MORE THAN 2,500 H-2B CERTIFIED POSITIONS WA OR ID MT WY ND SD NV CA UT CO AZ NM MN WI VT ME NH MA NY NE IA MI IL IN KS MO KY OK AR TN MS AL GA TX LA OH WV PA VA NC SC RI CT NJ DE MD Scale < 2,000 2,500 - 3,999 4,000 - 5,499 5,500 - 6,999 7,000 - 8,499 > 8,500 Virgin Islands AK FL American Guam Puerto Northern Mariana FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 STATE APPLICATIONS POSITIONS APPLICATIONS POSITIONS APPLICATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED CERTIFIED CERTIFIED CERTIFIED CERTIFIED CERTIFIED Texas Florida Maryland Louisiana Pennsylvania Virginia New York Arkansas Colorado North Carolina New Jersey Massachusetts 442 223 134 175 212 161 307 33 163 109 148 237 12,344 4,548 4,174 4,795 3,418 4,156 3,580 1,884 3,623 3,243 2,461 2,617 392 198 127 176 204 133 293 39 144 87 151 245 10,638 4,837 3,539 4,757 3,226 3,674 3,233 2,576 3,075 2,188 2,319 2,592 445 236 164 172 222 142 296 49 142 98 177 251 11,416 5,792 4,490 3,862 3,359 3,348 3,159 3,066 2,992 2,714 2,517 2,506 STATES WITH MORE THAN 2,500 H-2B CERTIFIED POSITIONS Twelve States had over 2,500 positions certified during the had nearly 51 percent more H-2B certified positions than fiscal year. Together, the positions certified in these Florida, which had the second highest number of positions States made up more than 59 percent of the total H-2B certified.

Louisiana, Virginia, New York, Colorado and certified positions in FY 2013. Texas had the largest Massachusetts saw slight decreases in the number of number of H-2B certifications approved for employment certified positions in FY 2013 over FY 2012. and experienced an increase of nearly 8 percent in the number of certified positions compared to FY 2012. Texas 55 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 H-2B CERTIFIED POSITIONS The most frequently requested H-2B occupations in FY 2013 included Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers, Forest and Conservation Workers, and Amusement and Recreation Attendants. Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers accounted for over 38 percent of all H-2B positions certified in FY 2013, an increase of 7 percent over last year.

The next occupation with the greatest demand, Forest and Conservation Workers, represented nearly 12 percent of the total H-2B positions Amusement and Recreation Attendants certified. for approximately 7 percent of all H-2B accounted positions certified in FY 2013. TOP 10 H-2B CERTIFIED OCCUPATIONS Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 31,287 Forest and Conservation Workers 9,573 Amusement and Recreation Attendants Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 5,788 5,626 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 3,051 Construction Laborers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Waiters and Waitresses Coaches and Scouts Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 2,106 1,639 1,566 1,553 1,282 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 OCCUPATIONAL TITLE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,586 31,287 Forest and Conservation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Construction Laborers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Waiters and Waitresses Coaches and Scouts Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 125 185 282 69 107 162 96 76 58 56 9,573 5,788 5,626 3,051 2,106 1,639 1,566 1,553 1,282 $19,046.57 $22,354.01 $19,171.08 $16,926.40 $17,336.96 $22,560.67 $21,253.98 $20,821.67 $31,910.76 $26,253.19 Temporary Nonimmigrant Labor Certification TOP 10 EMPLOYER CITIES FOR H-2B BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED Coeur d’ Alene, ID (862) Mackinac Island, MI (721) Owings Mills, MD (606) Gaithersburg, MD (666) Tilly, AR (862) Corinth, MS (779) Austin, TX (1,471) San Antonio, TX (799 Houston, TX (745) 600 or Less 1,400 or More Brownsville, TX (727) TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY Austin, TX 1,471 Benchmark Landscapes, LLC 148 TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Tilly, AR 862 Superior Forestry Services, Inc. 862 Forest and Conservation Workers Coeur d’Alene, ID 862 Alpha Services LLC 549 Forest and Conservation Workers San Antonio, TX 799 Maldonado Nursery & Landscaping, Inc. 147 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Corinth, MS 779 Faith Forestry Services, Inc. 779 Forest and Conservation Workers Houston, TX 745 Bio Landscape and Maintenance, Inc. 236 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Brownsville, TX 727 CVC Construction, Inc. 80 Sheet Metal Workers Mackinac Island, MI 721 Grand Hotel LLC 329 Waiters and Waitresses Gaithersburg, MD 666 The Brickman Group, Ltd, LLC Owings Mills, MD 606 American Pool Enterprises, Inc. 57 661 581 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES A-58 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES ALABAMA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 283 1,470 70 40 Top Three Cities 220 1,356 53 38 283 2,009 1,988 710 220 1,890 1,626 677 0.62% 0.33% 1.33% 0.47% $65,023.50 $76,730.77 $10.61 $9.78 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Montgomery Birmingham Auburn Positions Certified 96 26 13 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $36,469.83 $93,662.00 $71,667.31 Birmingham Montgomery Huntsville Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 553 330 224 $74,816.77 $61,654.40 $83,341.62 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Sweet Water Demopolis Birmingham Positions Certified 355 262 134 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $10.01 $10.57 $9.36 Daphne Union Springs Clanton Positions Certified 131 117 91 AEWR $9.78 $9.78 $9.78 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Software Developers, Applications Internists, General Computer Systems Analysts Industrial Engineers 75 12 11 11 9 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Construction Laborers Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation 561 418 136 100 88 $17,950.40 Computer Systems Analysts $73,660.67 Computer Programmers $89,593.24 Computer Software Engineers, Applications $177,848.65 Accountants and Auditors $75,470.33 Software Developers, Applications 310 146 102 100 96 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $10.67 $9.02 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $9.78 Agricultural Equipment Operators $11.22 $10.28 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers -- 640 20 11 6 -- A-1 $71,381.93 $60,787.42 $80,917.17 $46,683.74 $77,858.61 AEWR $9.78 $9.78 $9.78 $9.78 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES ALASKA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 15 244 20 1 Top Three Cities 7 220 18 1 15 302 306 20 7 277 280 20 0.02% 0.05% 0.45% 0.01% $73,566.59 $82,176.65 $15.89 $10.00 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Fairbanks Anchorage Kotzebue Dutch Harbor Positions Certified 3 2 1 1 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $62,332.45 $63,791.48 $220,000.00 $78,771.00 Anchorage Fairbanks Ketchikan -- Positions Certified 199 28 8 -- Avg. Wage Offer $88,168.74 $65,594.00 $63,150.25 -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Juneau Ketchikan Kenai Positions Certified 98 80 39 Avg. Wage Offer City Name Anchorage -- $11.55 $10.71 -- -- Positions Certified 20 -- -- AEWR $10.00 -- -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Producers and Directors Advertising and Promotions Managers Curators Family and General Practitioners Food Scientists and Technologists Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary Management Analysts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Retail Salespersons Food Batchmakers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 132 88 42 8 6 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer H-1B $47,500.00 Computer Systems Analysts $55,702.00 Computer Programmers $61,497.34 Computer Occupations, All Other $220,000.00 Accountants and Auditors $78,771.00 Petroleum Engineers $78,000.00 $71,880.95 -- -- 67 33 15 11 10 -- -- Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $9.41 $11.31 $11.24 $10.23 $9.94 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse -- -- -- -- A-2 20 -- -- -- -- $72,221.47 $69,627.24 $90,865.40 $60,350.50 $123,021.34 -- -- AEWR $10.00 -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES ARIZONA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 587 6,332 44 326 Top Three Cities 472 6,043 37 323 587 14,694 1,537 3,025 472 14,193 1,240 2,964 1.34% 1.47% 0.93% 3.98% $97,347.78 $76,662.37 $9.26 $9.73 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 178 79 63 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $118,314.35 $90,001.80 $89,977.96 Phoenix Tempe Scottsdale Positions Certified 9,557 1,141 1,060 Avg. Wage Offer $74,123.61 $77,220.48 $74,939.21 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 448 280 112 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $9.16 $8.16 $9.59 Yuma Casa Grande Tonopah Positions Certified 1,223 674 400 AEWR $9.73 $9.73 $9.73 Chandler Phoenix Tempe Phoenix Laveen Mesa Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 104 $90,346.71 Computer Systems Analysts 5,696 $70,478.94 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Materials Engineers Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts 82 33 29 28 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Helpers--Carpenters 611 425 52 31 30 $116,902.25 Computer Programmers 1,562 $62,114.49 $136,195.33 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,268 $76,618.86 $120,429.06 Software Developers, Applications 1,138 $82,979.57 $88,130.71 Computer and Information Systems Managers 646 $101,882.13 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.87 $8.11 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $8.87 Agricultural Equipment Operators $9.80 Nursery Workers $10.21 -- A-3 Positions Certified 2,240 646 48 30 -- AEWR $9.73 $9.73 $9.73 $9.73 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES ARKANSAS Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 170 2,429 58 158 Top Three Cities 130 2,313 49 151 170 4,981 3,478 2,898 130 4,804 3,066 2,802 0.37% 0.56% 1.23% 1.86% $87,877.16 $73,428.13 $9.26 $9.50 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 44 40 8 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $78,318.24 $108,779.21 $56,457.73 Bentonville Little Rock Fayetteville Positions Certified 3,729 496 73 Avg. Wage Offer $67,385.16 $81,019.52 $58,780.65 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 862 545 521 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $10.00 $9.93 $12.29 Hermitage Judsonia Wynne Positions Certified 1,060 200 197 AEWR $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 Bentonville Little Rock Conway Tilly Hermitage Marshall Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Internists, General Computer Software Engineers, Applications Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Computer Systems Analysts 47 11 8 8 5 $72,134.86 Computer Systems Analysts 1,967 $66,897.82 $208,545.45 Computer Occupations, All Other $67,575.25 Computer Programmers $233,750.00 Software Developers, Applications $78,282.60 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 739 715 295 106 $58,151.86 $60,746.99 $74,900.19 $167,996.29 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Forest and Conservation Workers 2,772 $10.78 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Amusement and Recreation Attendants 183 $8.93 Agricultural Equipment Operators 40 19 16 $8.59 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquaculture Animals $12.43 Agricultural Workers, All Other $7.90 -- A-4 Positions Certified 2,469 202 121 10 -- AEWR $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES CALIFORNIA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 10,144 81,723 144 265 Top Three Cities 8,280 77,633 110 250 10,144 8,280 179,577 172,393 2,932 5,033 2,411 4,199 23.52% 18.90% 2.76% 3.08% $104,826.91 $89,253.93 $12.42 $10.74 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 850 696 561 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $116,067.79 $122,824.50 $118,864.11 San Jose San Francisco Sunnyvale Positions Certified 18,395 14,637 13,827 Avg. Wage Offer $96,106.34 $96,192.92 $94,942.80 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 426 376 160 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $23.10 $9.67 $9.22 Bard Tulelake Susanville Positions Certified 648 631 558 AEWR $10.74 $10.74 $10.74 San Jose Santa Clara Sunnyvale Redlands Calabasas Yreka Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 2,240 $113,527.32 Computer Systems Analysts 35,966 $76,032.85 Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers 915 837 804 217 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Coaches and Scouts Forest and Conservation Workers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 653 581 446 274 126 $122,703.16 Computer Occupations, All Other 23,927 $107,287.07 $118,518.75 Software Developers, Applications 21,459 $67,879.74 $105,459.06 Computer Programmers 21,021 $114,588.09 $147,053.01 Software Developers, Systems Software 10,348 - H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.33 $9.72 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $21.89 Agricultural Workers, All Other $9.88 Agricultural Equipment Operators $11.06 Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers A-5 Positions Certified AEWR 3,822 $10.74 350 24 2 1 $10.74 $10.74 $10.74 10.74 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES COLORADO Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 326 4,721 165 203 Top Three Cities 249 4,457 142 197 326 249 15,896 15,534 3,345 1,122 2,992 1,105 0.71% 1.08% 3.53% 2.43% $92,250.20 $75,464.45 $13.56 $10.08 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Denver Greenwood Village Colorado Springs Positions Certified 47 33 31 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $92,953.84 $101,449.42 $89,343.83 Denver Englewood Colorado Springs Positions Certified 3,612 3,521 1,716 Avg. Wage Offer $73,428.14 $74,773.04 $78,785.93 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Aurora Colorado Springs Denver Positions Certified 352 286 224 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $9.47 $9.73 $9.59 Palisade Olathe Craig Positions Certified 179 145 85 AEWR $10.08 $10.08 $10.08 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Soft- ware Electronics Engineers, Except Com- puter Computer and Information Systems Managers 68 25 22 15 10 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified $95,137.11 Computer Systems Analysts 4,382 $73,155.80 $91,714.44 Computer Programmers 2,860 $62,739.20 $101,670.40 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,818 $69,913.18 $99,651.67 Computer and Information Systems Managers 1,221 $119,529.22 $124,216.14 Software Developers, Applications 1,072 $85,447.25 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 2,105 $10.07 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 261 $10.33 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals Rock Splitters, Quarry Amusement and Recreation Attendants Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 88 70 46 $12.52 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.08 $10.55 A-6 -- -- 757 320 28 -- -- AEWR $10.08 $10.08 $10.08 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES CONNECTICUT Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 449 7,369 30 58 Top Three Cities 371 7,035 26 58 449 371 19,122 18,665 428 836 380 833 1.05% 1.71% 0.65% 0.71% $98,750.76 $79,620.12 $13.56 $10.91 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 66 37 28 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $115,735.82 $83,023.51 $129,671.17 Hartford Stamford Shelton Positions Certified 4,483 4,328 1,545 Avg. Wage Offer $75,686.75 $87,813.80 $72,694.45 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 92 72 40 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $11.25 $9.17 $10.15 Windsor Lebanon Southington Positions Certified 490 87 26 AEWR $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 Stamford Windsor New Haven Wolcott Stamford Glastonbury Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Financial Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Internists, General 99 36 19 17 17 $93,112.97 Computer Systems Analysts 5,570 $76,245.31 $100,148.33 Computer Programmers 4,697 $62,993.34 $118,424.16 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,515 $74,765.68 $120,095.03 Computer and Information Systems Managers $160,118.24 Software Developers, Applications 907 794 $121,514.17 $90,271.28 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 290 $10.21 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians $17.15 $10.00 $9.09 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria $10.64 -- A-7 Positions Certified AEWR 818 $10.91 12 2 1 -- $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 -- Coaches and Scouts Waiters and Waitresses Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 44 21 19 5 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES DELAWARE Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 218 3,155 27 3 Top Three Cities 186 3,038 26 3 218 6,828 395 32 186 6,583 343 32 0.53% 0.74% 0.65% 0.04% $93,475.15 $77,211.49 $10.31 $10.87 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer City Name 96 54 10 10 10 Wilmington Newark New Castle $91,040.09 $98,002.12 $80,985.33 $99,484.10 $79,758.10 -- -- Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 4,800 1,382 105 -- -- $76,135.03 $70,592.14 $80,763.06 -- -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 110 52 46 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $10.97 $9.97 $9.64 Bridgeville Laurel Lewes Positions Certified 12 12 8 AEWR $10.87 $10.87 $10.87 Newark Wilmington New Castle Middletown Bear Wilmington New Castle Milton Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Statisticians Computer Software Engineers, Applications Financial Analysts Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 88 32 9 7 4 4 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Painters, Construction and Maintenance 284 40 8 7 4 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer $91,906.95 Computer Systems Analysts 2,121 $69,639.66 H-1B $90,060.16 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,146 $67,138.45 $86,111.11 Computer Programmers 1,099 $65,107.18 $93,979.60 Software Developers, Applications $106,750.00 $73,538.00 Computer and Information Systems Managers -- 436 425 -- $89,826.46 $115,966.11 -- Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $9.55 Agricultural Equipment Operators $11.78 $9.02 $9.68 $18.48 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse -- -- -- A-8 H-2A Positions Certified 24 8 -- -- -- AEWR $10.87 $10.87 -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 249 3,607 2 - Top Three Cities 171 3,329 0 - 249 5,300 2 - 171 4,976 0 - 0.49% 0.81% 0.00% - $84,364.44 $75,215.76 -- - Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Washington D.C. -- -- Positions Certified 166 -- -- Avg. Wage Offer City Name $92,462.88 -- -- Washington D.C. -- -- Positions Certified 4,976 -- -- Avg. Wage Offer $75,215.76 -- -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name -- -- -- Positions Certified -- -- -- Avg.

Wage Offer City Name -- -- -- -- -- -- Positions Certified AEWR -- -- -- -- -- -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 39 $103,250.65 Computer Programmers Economists Computer Systems Analysts Financial Analysts Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 9 8 7 6 $113,833.11 Computer Systems Analysts $107,074.68 Software Developers, Applications $103,670.21 Economists $64,085.00 Financial Analysts 674 626 552 289 283 $65,015.08 $73,449.94 $89,750.05 $111,070.70 $88,631.36 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified AEWR H-2A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- A-9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES FLORIDA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,486 15,013 299 116 Top Three Cities 1,170 13,960 236 108 1,486 32,229 7,101 10,464 1,170 30,978 5,792 10,051 3.32% 3.40% 5.91% 1.33% $86,401.84 $72,991.27 $10.25 $9.97 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Tampa Miami Clearwater Positions Certified 213 181 110 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $90,762.80 $93,914.09 $88,828.85 Tampa Jacksonville Miami Positions Certified 4,798 4,403 3,733 Avg. Wage Offer $72,245.49 $72,276.45 $74,317.96 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Panama City Beach Boca Raton Destin Positions Certified 551 484 387 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.80 $11.50 $8.85 Arcadia Labelle Winter Haven Positions Certified 2522 1041 725 AEWR $9.97 $9.97 $9.97 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 328 $88,758.47 Computer Systems Analysts 8,960 $70,876.08 Computer Systems Analysts Financial Managers Marketing Managers Computer Software Engineers, Applications 85 40 31 26 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified $87,877.78 Computer Programmers 4,811 $61,339.96 $97,821.70 Computer and Information Systems Managers 2,686 $108,909.95 $125,148.54 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,255 $69,757.34 $92,652.21 Software Developers, Applications 1,675 $78,949.41 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1,569 $8.95 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Food Servers, Non-restaurant Amusement and Recreation Attendants Waiters and Waitresses 674 579 578 531 $8.63 Agricultural Equipment Operators $10.19 $8.03 $10.60 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- -- A-10 Positions Certified 9,969 54 28 -- -- Avg. Wage Offer $9.97 $9.97 $9.97 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES GEORGIA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,427 13,894 60 133 Top Three Cities 1,198 13,168 43 115 1,427 32,822 2,055 10,382 1,198 31,443 1,818 9,268 3.40% 3.21% 1.08% 1.42% $88,035.07 $72,618.34 $10.96 $9.78 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 404 217 98 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $97,477.53 $89,157.63 $89,128.68 Atlanta Alpharetta Peachtree City Positions Certified 18,796 4,755 1,412 Avg.

Wage Offer $73,796.23 $73,177.99 $70,614.33 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 250 223 189 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.16 $8.50 $10.05 Glennville Lyons Norman Park Positions Certified 1,136 1,024 1,002 AEWR $9.78 $9.78 $9.78 Atlanta Alpharetta Norcross Baxley Franklin Ringgold Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Network and Computer Systems Administrators* Database Administrators 403 163 91 49 38 $90,497.50 Computer Systems Analysts 9,293 $70,096.20 $90,920.85 Computer Programmers 7,421 $63,477.88 $110,574.14 Computer Occupations, All Other 3,752 $73,169.64 $80,657.77 Software Developers, Applications 2,626 $82,607.89 $86,166.88 Computer and Information Systems Managers 1,576 $106,796.39 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Food Batchmakers 819 690 120 52 49 H-2A Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations $9.39 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $9.02 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.62 $8.03 $8.23 A-11 -- -- -- Positions Certified 9,254 14 -- -- -- AEWR $9.78 $9.78 -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES GUAM Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 27 290 -- -- Top Three Cities 18 251 -- -- 27 298 -- -- 18 255 -- -- 0.05% 0.06% -- -- $54,388.41 $51,806.39 -- -- Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Tamuning Dededo Hagatna Positions Certified 6 4 3 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $54,224.63 $47,486.60 $56,865.00 Tamuning Dededo Barrigada Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 99 37 27 $62,110.15 $47,071.53 $43,789.88 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name -- -- -- Positions Certified -- -- -- Avg. Wage Offer City Name -- -- -- -- -- -- Positions Certified AEWR -- -- -- -- -- -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Civil Engineers Accountants and Auditors Architects, Except Landscape and Naval -- -- 4 3 2 -- -- Occupations H-2B Positions Certified $56,139.45 Civil Engineers $36,655.47 Accountants and Auditors $44,158.00 Electrical Engineers -- -- Mechanical Engineers Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Care H-2A 47 35 30 15 13 $41,029.09 $36,528.25 $49,932.09 $52,447.44 $39,899.42 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified AEWR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- A-12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES HAWAII Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 31 590 2 6 Top Three Cities 21 539 0 6 31 1,338 2 69 21 1,286 0 69 0.06% 0.13% 0.00% 0.07% $74,036.86 $67,337.36 -- $12.72 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer City Name Honolulu Waimanalo Mililani Hilo 18 1 1 1 $73,873.54 $75,587.00 $80,496.00 $60,000.00 Honolulu Hilo Kaneohe Positions Certified 1,178 26 8 Avg.

Wage Offer $67,256.83 $67,374.73 $52,659.67 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name -- -- -- Positions Certified -- -- -- Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name -- -- -- Kunia Captain Cook Makawao Positions Certified 48 12 4 AEWR $12.72 $12.72 $12.72 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary -- -- -- 4 2 -- -- -- $91,603.00 Computer Programmers $58,800.00 Computer Systems Analysts -- -- -- Computer Software Engineers, Appli- cations Software Developers, Applications Accountants and Auditors 359 206 100 84 70 $63,637.73 $67,603.39 $115,584.00 $79,603.41 $48,058.30 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals Agricultural Equipment Operators -- 56 11 2 -- AEWR $12.72 $12.72 $12.72 -- A-13 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES IDAHO Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 76 623 43 54 Top Three Cities 56 568 38 51 76 1,371 1,859 1,587 56 1,316 1,660 1,539 0.16% 0.14% 0.95% 0.63% $80,143.59 $73,869.04 $14.02 $9.99 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Boise Sandpoint Rexburg Pocatello Moscow Meridian 51 1 1 1 1 1 $83,266.64 $82,285.00 $86,790.00 $71,782.50 $85,000.00 $92,581.00 Boise Idaho Falls Pocatello Sandpoint Meridian -- 1,174 26 17 17 17 -- $74,606.99 $80,725.79 $78,518.18 $65,406.67 $73,552.24 -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Coeur d'Alene Oakley Wendell Positions Certified 862 190 178 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer City Name $11.73 $10.49 $14.64 Hamer Rupert Ashton Positions Certified 328 162 100 AEWR $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer H-1B Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Materials Engineers Software Developers, Systems Software -- -- 23 8 6 -- -- $75,421.68 Computer Programmers $75,205.15 Computer Software Engineers, Applications $87,035.38 Software Developers, Applications -- -- Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other 268 200 167 124 104 $60,884.04 $114,384.00 $79,192.09 $69,948.58 $60,187.88 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 1,268 Rock Splitters, Quarry Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers 249 54 50 15 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $11.48 $11.69 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $9.70 Agricultural Equipment Operators $7.97 Agricultural Workers, All Other $25.70 Animal Breeders A-14 Positions Certified 1,669 203 122 42 14 AEWR $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES ILLINOIS Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2,018 24,241 62 31 Top Three Cities 1,521 23,062 52 29 2,018 55,494 1,369 819 1,521 53,617 1,303 780 4.32% 5.61% 1.30% 0.36% $91,578.41 $74,246.69 $10.22 $11.74 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Chicago Schaumburg Naperville Positions Certified 453 117 105 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $102,107.42 $96,164.64 $88,602.38 Chicago Bloomington Northbrook Positions Certified 16,260 6,845 3,148 Avg.

Wage Offer $76,462.54 $67,424.18 $70,844.92 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Wauconda Hoffman Estates Caseyville Positions Certified 260 177 88 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $9.09 $8.11 $8.51 Keenes Cobden -- Positions Certified 224 64 -- AEWR $11.74 $11.74 -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Software Developers, Systems Soft- ware Management Analysts 464 215 119 45 37 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Roofers Helpers--Roofers Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers 745 357 72 43 36 $94,300.17 Computer Systems Analysts 15,046 $69,683.64 $88,581.99 Computer Programmers 11,226 $63,284.49 $114,943.39 Computer Occupations, All Other 5,423 $67,584.08 $97,125.32 Software Developers, Applications 3,890 $85,111.56 $123,208.72 Computer and Information Systems Managers 3,826 $109,778.67 H-2A Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations $9.25 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $8.14 Agricultural Equipment Operators $13.88 General Farmworkers $10.24 $9.11 A-15 -- -- Positions Certified AEWR 743 $11.74 21 16 -- -- $11.74 $11.74 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES INDIANA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 317 4,239 24 20 Top Three Cities 269 3,986 22 20 317 8,361 851 1,024 269 8,011 833 1,017 0.76% 0.97% 0.55% 0.25% $94,815.62 $77,770.20 $9.13 $11.74 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 101 38 13 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $92,497.45 $84,357.74 $96,369.21 Indianapolis Columbus Evansville Positions Certified 3,327 962 781 Avg. Wage Offer $77,818.01 $73,672.75 $77,600.08 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 462 113 77 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.25 $9.01 $9.01 Remington Lacrosse Fairland Positions Certified 420 193 115 AEWR $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Indianapolis Columbus Carmel Farmland Indianapolis Carmel Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Mechanical Engineers Industrial Engineers 42 26 23 18 12 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Amusement and Recreation Attendants Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Dining Room and Cafeteria Attend- ants and Bartender Food Preparation Workers 473 311 29 15 5 $79,168.82 Computer Systems Analysts 2,118 $69,964.92 $78,419.14 Computer Programmers $188,221.32 Financial Analysts $85,508.58 Computer and Information Systems Managers $82,733.07 Software Developers, Applications 878 551 493 487 $60,425.15 $80,442.06 $100,718.67 $76,049.10 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.20 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $8.95 Agricultural Equipment Operators $9.00 $8.15 $8.90 A-16 -- -- -- Positions Certified AEWR 1,002 $11.74 15 -- -- -- $11.74 -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES IOWA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 197 2,596 7 54 Top Three Cities 169 2,488 5 51 197 6,595 153 1,587 169 6,449 53 1,539 0.48% 0.61% 0.13% 0.63% $101,136.07 $79,057.22 $11.06 $11.41 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Iowa City Cedar Rapids Des Moines Positions Certified 45 22 14 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $95,552.89 $108,340.61 $170,249.42 Cedar Rapids Des Moines West Des Moines Positions Certified 1,993 1,943 622 Avg.

Wage Offer $75,364.10 $83,832.09 $69,399.97 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Hampton North Liberty Cedar Rapids Positions Certified 20 10 10 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $13.41 $9.38 $10.00 Lone Tree Muscatine Mallard Positions Certified 889 75 52 AEWR $11.41 $11.41 $11.41 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Internists, General Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Mechanical Engineers Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 20 17 12 9 8 8 $76,079.20 Computer Systems Analysts 2,323 $66,363.23 $196,435.24 Computer Programmers 1,017 $60,427.72 $318,333.33 Computer and Information Systems Managers $86,707.89 Software Developers, Applications $79,375.50 Computer Occupations, All Other $40,072.83 -- 888 423 306 -- $94,556.88 $74,015.58 $59,638.91 -- H-2B H-2A Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Construction Laborers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers -- 25 20 8 -- $13.41 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $9.69 Agricultural Equipment Operators $9.10 -- Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- A-17 Positions Certified AEWR 1,486 $11.41 36 17 -- $11.41 $11.41 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES KANSAS Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 218 2,210 52 126 Top Three Cities 165 2,089 44 103 218 5,869 974 762 165 5,633 887 691 0.47% 0.51% 1.10% 1.27% $85,505.84 $74,320.35 $9.57 $12.33 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Overland Park Olathe Wichita Positions Certified 62 22 13 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $87,686.72 $80,874.97 $87,017.29 Overland Park Wichita Topeka Positions Certified 2,028 1,542 615 Avg. Wage Offer $71,638.67 $78,555.71 $72,645.12 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Lenexa Gardner Olathe Positions Certified 387 132 111 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Software Developers, Applications Internists, General Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Mechanical Engineers Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 20 17 12 9 8 8 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Coaches and Scouts Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Construction Laborers First-Line Supervisors of Landscap- ing, Lawn 521 295 40 22 8 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $9.62 $10.49 $9.74 Hays Syracuse Tribune Positions Certified 57 56 36 AEWR $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer $77,132.45 Computer Systems Analysts 1,484 $66,800.55 H-1B $180,587.44 Computer Programmers $276,818.18 Computer and Information Systems Managers $86,707.89 Computer Occupations, All Other $83,475.19 Software Developers, Applications $40,072.83 -- 855 608 589 536 -- H-2A Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.76 Agricultural Equipment Operators $9.66 $8.34 $11.42 $13.80 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- -- A-18 558 113 20 -- -- $63,673.92 $86,135.90 $71,559.95 $79,452.60 -- AEWR $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES KENTUCKY Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 207 1,864 51 967 Top Three Cities 170 1,768 44 959 207 5,224 572 5,856 170 5,124 526 5,819 0.48% 0.43% 1.10% 11.81% $89,373.81 $82,287.77 $9.11 $9.80 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Louisville Lexington Bowling Green Positions Certified 87 23 7 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $79,113.32 $97,547.54 $92,003.48 Louisville Lexington Frankfort Positions Certified 2,846 1,057 286 Avg.

Wage Offer $76,005.12 $72,638.56 $73,383.63 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Louisville Lexington Olympia Positions Certified 115 113 59 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.69 $8.78 $9.06 Hopkinsville Murray Cadiz Positions Certified 339 315 233 AEWR $9.80 $9.80 $9.80 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Internists, General Computer Systems Analysts -- -- 67 14 6 -- -- $77,494.64 Computer Systems Analysts 1,519 $67,668.75 $187,662.85 Computer Programmers $79,358.87 Computer and Information Systems Managers -- -- Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Applications 743 412 395 281 $59,967.66 $100,296.40 $60,855.65 $77,794.56 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, Construction Laborers 351 68 33 28 23 H-2A Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations $8.92 $8.72 $7.97 $12.15 $12.70 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- -- -- A-19 Positions Certified 5,739 80 -- -- -- AEWR $9.80 $9.80 -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES LOUISIANA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 159 1,632 202 644 Top Three Cities 104 1,491 172 618 159 3,166 4,613 7,584 104 3,023 3,862 6,588 0.30% 0.36% 4.31% 7.61% $70,685.42 $71,826.17 $10.71 $9.50 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Baton Rouge New Orleans Lake Providence Kenner Positions Certified 26 13 7 7 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $82,532.43 $75,331.02 $34,790.00 $114,528.57 Monroe Baton Rouge New Orleans -- Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 1,043 607 272 -- $80,878.75 $64,540.78 $73,073.66 -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Houma Baton Rouge Slidell Positions Certified 495 341 251 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Software Developers, Applications Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Computer Systems Analysts Civil Engineers Mechanical Engineers 10 10 5 4 4 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Packers and Packagers, Hand Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 893 644 407 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $14.76 $8.65 $8.49 Delhi Rosedale Jeanerette Positions Certified 689 509 495 AEWR $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer H-1B $75,804.06 Computer Systems Analysts $38,530.50 Computer and Information Systems Managers $66,579.80 Computer Programmers $84,825.40 Software Developers, Applications $88,134.75 Accountants and Auditors 805 602 192 182 79 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.41 $8.36 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $8.78 Agricultural Equipment Operators Positions Certified 5,070 963 516 16 13 $64,682.19 $82,038.20 $65,341.12 $79,535.61 $52,979.75 AEWR $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 323 $13.64 Agricultural Workers, All Other Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers 207 $17.96 Farm, Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers A-20 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES MAINE Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 52 654 110 64 Top Three Cities 36 614 99 63 52 1,537 1,097 528 36 1,455 1,000 524 0.10% 0.15% 2.48% 0.78% $137,535.58 $89,418.00 $9.78 $10.91 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 6 4 3 3 3 3 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $87,681.67 $294,375.00 $180,650.00 $70,568.27 $94,000.00 $270,000.00 Scarborough Portland South Portland -- -- -- Positions Certified 497 410 153 -- -- -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 219 198 93 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $9.56 $9.04 $14.00 Caribou Cherryfield Monmouth Positions Certified 106 83 65 Portland Bangor Lewiston Bar Harbor Westbrook Brewer Ogunquit Bar Harbor Skowhegan Avg. Wage Offer Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-1B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Internists, General 10 $187,743.75 Computer Systems Analysts Surgeons Software Developers, Applications Anesthesiologists Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 3 3 2 2 2 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Cooks, Restaurant Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Waiters and Waitresses -- 396 108 93 64 48 -- $466,666.67 Computer Programmers $81,986.67 Network and Computer Systems Administrators $298,750.00 Software Developers, Applications $50,502.40 Computer Occupations, All Other $97,500.00 -- 507 229 131 125 113 -- H-2A Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations $9.27 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $10.80 Agricultural Equipment Operators $14.00 Logging Equipment Operators $10.29 $9.57 -- Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Operating Engineers and Other Construction A-21 Positions Certified 356 99 33 14 6 6 $71,871.13 $68,529.31 $72,790.82 -- -- -- AEWR $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 $69,626.35 $58,843.70 $71,153.73 $77,595.05 $63,852.98 -- AEWR $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES MARYLAND Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 850 8,048 190 52 Top Three Cities 647 7,556 164 52 850 647 13,753 13,101 5,515 661 4,490 640 1.84% 1.84% 4.11% 0.64% $85,042.97 $74,005.99 $9.64 $10.87 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Columbia Baltimore Rockville Positions Certified 90 75 65 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $87,571.89 $88,550.99 $90,839.76 Baltimore Columbia Hagerstown Positions Certified 2,071 1,640 1,036 Avg. Wage Offer $70,568.89 $74,505.83 $67,389.85 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Gaithersburg Owings Mills Hanover Positions Certified 666 606 254 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.79 $10.05 $9.15 Kennedyville Westminster Chesapeake City Positions Certified 135 50 45 AEWR $10.87 $10.87 $10.87 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 186 $94,690.32 Computer Systems Analysts 3,442 $70,719.79 Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Accountants and Auditors Civil Engineers 54 23 17 17 $91,072.50 Computer Programmers 1,939 $64,054.84 $167,033.08 Software Developers, Applications 1,073 $87,925.47 $74,093.26 Computer and Information Systems Managers $82,476.04 Biochemists and Biophysicists 897 368 $121,968.74 $57,232.25 H-2B H-2A Occupations Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Positions Certified 2,449 698 422 172 129 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $9.09 $9.68 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $7.56 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.13 $8.82 A-22 -- -- Positions Certified AEWR 585 $10.87 51 4 -- -- $10.87 $10.87 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES MASSACHUSETTS Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,665 16,693 272 130 Top Three Cities 1,441 15,756 251 127 1,665 35,220 2,667 464 1,441 33,252 2,506 457 4.09% 3.84% 6.29% 1.56% $100,276.54 $80,387.16 $11.32 $10.91 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Boston Cambridge Woburn Positions Certified 258 159 80 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $106,923.39 $100,160.90 $107,000.18 Boston Cambridge Burlington Positions Certified 9,026 2,247 1,429 Avg.

Wage Offer $77,472.24 $78,474.53 $89,195.20 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Nantucket Provincetown Chatham Positions Certified 557 251 192 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $11.48 $10.67 $9.83 Lunenburg Groton Harvard Positions Certified 42 31 29 AEWR $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Soft- ware Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Software Engineers, Applications 462 172 64 53 40 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Food Preparation Workers Cooks, Restaurant Waiters and Waitresses 571 273 217 188 176 $98,240.57 Computer Systems Analysts 7,076 $77,709.38 $97,168.35 Computer Programmers 4,882 $67,131.29 $109,739.65 Computer Occupations, All Other 4,197 $75,322.12 $131,590.19 Software Developers, Applications 3,094 $92,862.55 $102,930.09 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,048 $105,150.35 H-2A Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations $10.29 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $11.08 Agricultural Equipment Operators $10.51 Animal Breeders $12.43 $10.33 A-23 -- -- Positions Certified AEWR 453 $10.91 3 1 -- -- $10.91 $10.91 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES MICHIGAN Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,673 11,418 115 28 Top Three Cities 1,314 10,778 102 26 1,673 27,569 2,323 651 1,314 25,476 1,980 585 3.73% 2.62% 2.56% 0.32% $87,671.87 $73,743.64 $9.19 $11.30 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Farmington Hills Troy Southfield Positions Certified 295 241 102 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $84,514.90 $86,366.80 $81,935.58 Detroit Troy Farmington Hills Positions Certified 4,752 2,869 2,529 Avg. Wage Offer $77,160.28 $68,203.74 $66,344.55 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Mackinac Island Mackinaw City Westland Positions Certified 721 283 120 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.42 $8.87 $8.06 Manton Three Rivers South Haven Positions Certified 127 106 73 AEWR $11.30 $11.30 $11.30 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Mechanical Engineers Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers 573 129 79 73 35 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Dishwashers Waiters and Waitresses 541 380 283 266 174 $82,614.63 Computer Systems Analysts 6,797 $68,653.96 $86,400.88 Computer Programmers 3,727 $60,602.32 $86,531.78 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,226 $64,581.94 $85,372.10 Software Developers, Applications 2,125 $75,650.67 $118,253.97 Computer and Information Systems Managers 1,982 $104,644.00 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.36 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $9.32 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.05 $8.25 $8.23 A-24 -- -- -- Positions Certified AEWR 567 $11.30 18 -- -- -- $11.30 -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES MINNESOTA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 392 7,157 43 69 Top Three Cities 343 6,855 38 62 392 343 21,265 20,527 643 766 588 724 0.97% 1.67% 0.95% 0.76% $107,407.33 $74,739.56 $11.07 $11.30 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Minneapolis Eagan Bloomington Positions Certified 82 30 24 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $104,205.05 $88,054.63 $102,706.78 Minneapolis Richfield Eden Prairie Positions Certified 7,340 2,325 1,719 Avg.

Wage Offer $75,374.96 $69,569.76 $78,381.88 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Hancock Bemidji St Louis Park Brainerd Positions Certified 50 45 38 38 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $14.03 $11.59 $9.63 $8.09 Newport Morris Foley -- H-1B Positions Certified 140 83 70 -- AEWR $11.30 $11.30 $11.30 -- Permanent Labor Occupations Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Computer Programmers Computer and Information Systems Managers Family and General Practitioners Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 89 39 20 12 11 11 $95,627.61 Computer Programmers 5,779 $62,164.18 $89,729.17 Computer Systems Analysts 4,521 $71,796.34 $203,030.00 Computer Occupations, All Other 4,244 $68,575.80 $82,128.07 Software Developers, Applications $120,544.59 $185,454.55 Network and Computer Systems Administrators -- 981 455 -- $86,471.65 $66,479.77 -- Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Construction Laborers Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, Cement Masons and Concrete Fin- ishers 263 121 50 40 34 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $10.05 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $8.15 Agricultural Equipment Operators $14.03 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $8.20 Animal Breeders $12.54 -- A-25 378 228 117 1 -- AEWR $11.30 $11.30 $11.30 $11.30 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES MISSISSIPPI Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 76 664 51 128 Top Three Cities 54 603 40 120 76 798 2,070 2,508 54 735 1,698 2,443 0.15% 0.15% 1.00% 1.48% $78,658.18 $81,720.12 $9.62 $9.50 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Jackson Itta Bena Ridgeland Positions Certified 8 7 6 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $68,610.40 $16,910.00 $79,039.17 Jackson Ridgeland Hattiesburg Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 258 62 51 $78,711.84 $72,887.13 $79,416.23 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Corinth Byram Pass Christian Positions Certified 779 123 95 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $10.00 $8.45 $7.68 Lucedale Vardaman Waynesboro Positions Certified 470 391 251 AEWR $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education -- -- -- 7 6 -- -- -- $16,910.00 Computer Programmers 116 $60,832.57 $40,860.83 Computer Systems Analysts -- -- -- Software Developers, Applications Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Computer Occupations, All Other 65 49 30 26 $68,037.21 $81,057.35 $234,609.92 $74,842.22 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Forest and Conservation Workers 1,073 $10.84 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Tree Trimmers and Pruners 202 128 83 50 $8.80 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $7.83 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.10 $13.70 A-26 -- -- Positions Certified 2,096 235 112 -- -- AEWR $9.50 $9.50 $9.50 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES MISSOURI Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 315 4,964 136 25 Top Three Cities 280 4,768 124 25 315 280 12,542 11,941 2,509 331 2,246 327 0.80% 1.16% 3.11% 0.31% $101,996.89 $75,024.64 $9.00 $11.41 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name St. Louis North Kansas City Chesterfield Positions Certified 79 33 30 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $102,811.09 $94,924.25 $84,954.99 St. Louis Kansas City Jefferson City Positions Certified 3,306 1,908 1,368 Avg.

Wage Offer $71,833.68 $71,629.04 $66,370.46 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name St. Louis St. Charles Chesterfield Positions Certified 548 265 117 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.90 $8.73 $8.79 Farmington Sheldon Marthasville Positions Certified 101 48 40 AEWR $11.41 $11.41 $11.41 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Computer and Information Systems Managers Accountants and Auditors 95 32 19 10 8 $90,218.17 Computer Systems Analysts 3,517 $68,027.14 $87,096.15 Computer Programmers 2,494 $61,244.20 $187,983.44 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,427 $70,604.27 $110,123.40 Software Developers, Applications 1,044 $76,335.46 $71,616.65 Computer and Information Systems Managers 427 $99,104.96 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,912 $8.80 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 129 $8.59 Agricultural Equipment Operators Helpers--Production Workers Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Dining Room and Cafeteria Attend- ants and Bartender 48 45 26 $10.67 $8.25 $8.44 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- -- A-27 Positions Certified AEWR 317 $11.41 8 2 -- -- $11.41 $11.41 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES MONTANA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 17 148 35 200 Top Three Cities 16 128 23 197 17 785 353 487 16 765 264 480 0.05% 0.03% 0.58% 2.43% $78,355.38 $80,291.08 $10.38 $9.99 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Missoula Plentywood Kalispell Positions Certified 5 2 2 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $64,121.44 $45,698.00 $145,750.00 Bozeman Helena Saint Paul Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 623 33 25 $73,524.53 $68,932.94 $63,550.00 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Great Falls West Yellowstone Billings Positions Certified 105 66 24 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $16.94 $8.51 $8.65 Dillon Polson Sheridan Positions Certified 104 18 16 AEWR $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Software Developers, Applications Internists, General -- -- 3 2 2 -- -- $54,468.67 Software Developers, Applications 605 $103,436.38 $76,492.40 Computer Programmers $172,983.20 Software Developers, Systems Software -- -- Computer Systems Analysts Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 38 15 15 9 $58,343.36 $101,236.08 $64,181.29 $48,548.30 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Helpers--Production Workers Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 80 65 40 21 16 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $8.45 $17.28 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $16.28 Agricultural Equipment Operators $9.60 Agricultural Workers, All Other $8.87 -- 294 98 53 35 -- A-28 AEWR $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NEBRASKA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 151 1,384 33 35 Top Three Cities 115 1,311 30 33 151 3,997 633 357 115 3,916 580 346 0.33% 0.32% 0.75% 0.41% $88,252.99 $77,656.69 $11.77 $12.33 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer City Name 85 11 3 3 $86,693.14 $79,194.27 $92,900.67 $69,877.00 Omaha Sidney Lincoln Positions Certified 2,529 893 286 Avg.

Wage Offer $75,250.63 $60,758.28 $64,857.02 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 279 148 72 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $11.19 $17.64 $8.39 Hastings Columbus Ashland Positions Certified 85 50 40 AEWR $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 Omaha Lincoln La Vista Bellevue Lincoln Scottsbluff Newland Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Database Administrators Computer and Information Systems Managers 57 16 5 3 3 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Roofers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Helpers--Roofers 299 152 55 20 15 $88,804.13 Computer Systems Analysts 1,658 $65,297.73 $87,228.84 Computer and Information Systems Managers $186,000.00 Computer Programmers $88,083.50 Software Developers, Applications $87,754.00 Computer Occupations, All Other 810 337 268 119 $85,506.94 $62,571.80 $81,824.67 $67,039.19 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $10.30 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $17.12 Agricultural Equipment Operators $12.63 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- Agricultural Workers, All Other $7.96 -- A-29 186 134 14 12 -- AEWR $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NEVADA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 92 1,045 10 67 Top Three Cities 62 945 6 65 92 2,322 486 1,784 62 2,169 204 1,761 0.18% 0.23% 0.15% 0.80% $79,024.10 $77,141.47 $15.24 $10.08 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 40 7 5 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $83,901.60 $82,131.29 $99,248.20 Las Vegas Reno Carson City Positions Certified 1,567 280 77 Avg. Wage Offer $75,327.53 $72,764.11 $71,371.17 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 153 21 18 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.10 $11.32 $11.05 Yerington Wellington Ely Positions Certified 1,700 18 15 AEWR $10.08 $10.08 $10.08 Las Vegas Reno Henderson Las Vegas Reno Baker Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 12 $83,019.54 Computer Programmers Database Administrators Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General -- 3 3 3 -- $107,833.33 Computer Systems Analysts $89,083.67 Computer Occupations, All Other $160,000.00 Software Developers, Applications -- Computer Software Engineers, Applications 613 356 254 173 101 $59,878.26 $74,071.54 $65,107.91 $81,177.68 $106,407.00 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Amusement and Recreation Attendants 153 $8.10 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $11.32 $11.05 $11.78 Agricultural Workers, All Other -- -- A-30 Positions Certified AEWR 1,396 $10.08 330 $10.08 34 1 -- $10.08 $10.08 -- Helpers--Production Workers Rock Splitters, Quarry Construction Laborers -- 21 18 12 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NEW HAMPSHIRE Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 124 1,553 33 44 Top Three Cities 108 1,486 26 44 124 4,044 452 181 108 3,931 363 181 0.31% 0.36% 0.65% 0.54% $109,626.09 $79,928.48 $10.37 $10.91 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 50 8 8 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $110,115.96 $86,106.61 $103,484.13 Concord Portsmouth Merrimack Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer 913 885 601 $76,106.40 $75,001.65 $76,294.66 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 81 70 44 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $9.39 $10.92 $8.11 Hollis Hampton Falls Oxford Positions Certified 58 28 12 AEWR $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 Nashua Portsmouth Merrimack Portsmouth Hollis Laconia Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Internists, General Software Developers, Systems Software 34 13 10 6 5 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Waiters and Waitresses Coaches and Scouts 96 73 72 38 16 $100,811.47 Computer Systems Analysts 1,111 $73,455.43 $97,160.92 Computer Programmers $126,684.60 Computer and Information Systems Managers $190,906.67 Computer Occupations, All Other $118,161.55 Software Developers, Applications 908 417 359 210 $63,183.50 $117,421.22 $72,415.29 $86,511.76 H-2A Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations $10.54 $9.29 $8.13 $8.64 $16.40 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse -- -- -- -- A-31 Positions Certified AEWR 181 $10.91 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NEW JERSEY Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 4,315 29,575 202 38 Top Three Cities 3,241 28,142 177 35 4,315 64,603 2,813 622 3,241 62,008 2,517 601 9.21% 6.85% 4.44% 0.43% $92,387.61 $73,783.31 $10.84 $10.87 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Edison Jersey City Iselin Positions Certified 443 296 259 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $91,179.70 $111,695.20 $90,952.04 Jersey City Princeton Teaneck Positions Certified 7,894 3,625 3,404 Avg. Wage Offer $81,214.64 $73,157.08 $67,401.60 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Jackson Hopewell Bound Brook Positions Certified 170 150 120 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $9.01 $9.49 $12.57 Elmer Monroeville Cedarville Positions Certified 120 93 60 AEWR $10.87 $10.87 $10.87 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1,557 $96,412.42 Computer Systems Analysts 18,171 $72,817.39 Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Software Engineers, Applications Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 486 126 94 82 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified $93,051.49 Computer Programmers 13,225 $64,131.30 $132,924.26 Computer Occupations, All Other 7,797 $67,638.24 $88,404.97 Software Developers, Applications 4,853 $91,520.79 $86,571.55 Computer and Information Systems Managers 3,060 $126,428.63 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,444 $9.57 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Coaches and Scouts Recreation Workers Driver/Sales Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 307 198 59 56 $15.45 Agricultural Equipment Operators $10.15 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $9.15 Agricultural Inspectors $9.33 -- A-32 Positions Certified AEWR 574 $10.87 14 7 6 -- $10.87 $10.87 $10.87 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NEW MEXICO Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 86 839 4 25 Top Three Cities 70 775 3 22 86 2,209 47 155 70 2,142 45 138 0.20% 0.19% 0.08% 0.27% $70,677.36 $86,129.92 $9.98 $9.73 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Albuquerque Gallup Espanola Positions Certified 18 9 9 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $90,234.39 $31,280.00 $35,228.38 Albuquerque Los Alamos Santa Fe Positions Certified 1,439 222 90 Avg.

Wage Offer $81,112.50 $84,809.56 $69,846.80 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Sunland Park Moriarty -- Positions Certified 30 15 -- Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $10.41 $8.09 -- Dexter Clayton Lake Arthur Positions Certified 40 22 13 AEWR $9.73 $9.73 $9.73 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Special Education Teachers, Middle School Special Education Teachers, Secondary School Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School* 8 6 6 $34,961.13 Computer Systems Analysts $38,096.00 $33,569.33 Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Software Engineers, Applications 5 $36,237.20 Physical Therapists Computer Programmers 631 400 200 156 57 $72,492.78 $75,982.00 $113,203.50 $62,208.95 $55,827.33 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants -- -- -- 30 15 -- -- -- $10.81 Agricultural Equipment Operators 108 $8.09 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse -- -- -- Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- -- A-33 18 12 -- -- AEWR $9.73 $9.73 $9.73 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NEW YORK Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 3,446 39,731 327 332 Top Three Cities 2,732 37,407 296 318 3,446 77,426 3,476 6,591 2,732 73,647 3,159 4,699 7.76% 9.11% 7.42% 3.92% $101,041.15 $83,144.42 $10.48 $10.91 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 1,643 86 78 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $188,484.07 $96,685.41 $76,285.44 New York Brooklyn Long Island City Positions Certified 41,663 7,647 2,161 Avg. Wage Offer $88,655.88 $70,288.82 $71,031.80 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 205 200 146 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $9.04 $10.35 $10.07 Peru Wolcott Elba Positions Certified 576 396 335 AEWR $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 New York Somers Brooklyn Montauk Elmont Garden City Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Financial Analysts Accountants and Auditors Financial Managers 553 294 185 112 91 $106,829.20 Computer Systems Analysts 12,402 $74,433.35 $103,436.65 Computer Programmers 8,245 $64,777.28 $138,732.28 Software Developers, Applications 6,094 $102,218.96 $92,956.29 Computer Occupations, All Other 5,417 $69,130.60 $173,552.58 Financial Analysts 3,995 $102,758.96 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,020 $9.81 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Positions Certified AEWR 4,529 $10.91 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Waiters and Waitresses Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants 757 251 154 143 $10.18 Agricultural Equipment Operators 151 $10.91 $10.56 $9.62 $8.13 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquaculture Animals First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and -- 18 1 -- $10.91 $10.91 -- A-34 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NORTH CAROLINA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 765 11,604 121 1,232 Top Three Cities 625 11,150 98 1,232 765 26,607 3,213 12,411 625 25,702 2,714 12,386 1.78% 2.71% 2.46% 15.18% $89,665.18 $74,882.83 $9.03 $9.68 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 142 93 76 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $93,730.20 $96,302.28 $85,189.85 Charlotte Durham Cary Positions Certified 8,759 2,834 2,393 Avg.

Wage Offer $75,590.54 $75,062.51 $78,383.16 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 366 243 243 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $7.93 $8.34 $8.78 Vass Dunn Rocky Point Positions Certified 9,637 317 300 AEWR $9.68 $9.68 $9.68 Charlotte Cary Raleigh Columbia Newland Bakersville Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 160 $93,408.61 Computer Systems Analysts 8,873 $72,751.99 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Network and Computer Systems Administrators* Computer and Information Systems Managers 97 31 29 22 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Forest and Conservation Workers Highway Maintenance Workers $94,202.47 Computer Programmers 4,010 $64,503.52 $101,717.56 Computer Occupations, All Other 3,303 $72,438.68 $94,311.91 Computer and Information Systems Managers 2,076 $116,825.62 $124,073.00 Software Developers, Applications 1,504 $86,793.37 H-2A Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations 1,151 $8.61 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Positions Certified AEWR 12,287 $9.68 701 135 131 90 $7.55 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.61 $11.24 $11.29 First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- 92 5 2 -- $9.68 $9.68 $9.68 -- A-35 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NORTH DAKOTA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 53 462 38 276 Top Three Cities 42 423 26 255 53 763 518 1,021 42 724 396 910 0.12% 0.10% 0.65% 3.14% $116,727.38 $87,784.92 $11.57 $12.33 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Fargo Bismarck Grand Forks Positions Certified 26 5 3 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $129,986.84 $194,875.70 $60,287.00 Fargo Minot Bismarck Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 479 62 47 $80,291.47 $77,031.99 $161,125.05 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Medora Fargo Dickinson Positions Certified 126 56 45 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.25 $13.83 $16.79 Ardoch Devils Lake Center Positions Certified 39 33 33 AEWR $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Internists, General Software Developers, Applications Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary -- -- 8 7 3 -- -- $223,240.00 Computer Systems Analysts $80,030.00 Computer Occupations, All Other $57,645.67 Software Developers, Applications -- -- Computer Programmers Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 207 106 62 57 30 $58,189.86 $67,670.30 $73,687.10 $59,040.68 $237,655.41 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Food Batchmakers Slaughterers and Meat Packers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 97 60 40 40 39 H-2A Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $9.12 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.09 $14.63 $10.02 $8.29 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse -- -- A-36 579 269 64 -- -- AEWR $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 4 90 1 - Top Three Cities 1 65 0 - 4 112 1 - 1 71 0 - 0.00% 0.02% - - $31,448.75 $36,761.53 - - Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) Saipan City Name -- -- Positions Certified 1 -- -- Avg. Wage Offer City Name Saipan $46,675.00 -- -- -- -- Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer 71 -- -- $36,761.53 -- -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name -- -- -- Positions Certified -- -- -- Avg. Wage Offer City Name -- -- -- -- -- -- Positions Certified AEWR -- -- -- -- -- -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Accountants and Auditors -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- Occupations H-2B Positions Certified $46,675.00 Accountants and Auditors 14 $39,239.37 -- -- -- -- Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/ Civil Engineers Teachers and Instructors, All Other Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Care 8 4 4 4 H-2A $19,167.20 $46,366.40 $18,523.33 $19,746.50 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified AEWR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- A-37 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES OHIO Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 949 11,565 143 42 Top Three Cities 740 11,015 130 42 949 740 39,078 38,161 1,750 764 1,640 762 2.10% 2.68% 3.26% 0.52% $87,356.60 $73,810.36 $9.01 $11.74 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 121 109 105 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $95,236.07 $72,161.89 $84,983.67 Cincinnati Columbus Blue Ash Positions Certified 9,127 5,240 3,976 Avg. Wage Offer $72,406.64 $74,275.92 $66,954.01 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 83 78 75 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.78 $8.68 $9.10 Avon Perry New Carlisle Positions Certified 290 138 81 AEWR $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Columbus Dayton Dublin Chesterland Cincinnati Newbury Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Mechanical Engineers Computer Software Engineers, Applications 303 100 46 23 14 $82,255.78 Computer Systems Analysts 10,105 $71,635.57 $87,988.35 Computer Programmers 9,423 $61,562.39 $177,956.00 Computer Occupations, All Other 6,836 $69,405.21 $77,008.67 Software Developers, Applications 1,910 $79,395.87 $80,496.80 Computer and Information Systems Managers 1,828 $103,048.47 H-2B H-2A Occupations Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Helpers--Roofers Sewing Machine Operators Positions Certified 1,154 249 78 41 36 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.88 $8.18 $8.78 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $9.76 Agricultural Equipment Operators $9.15 -- A-38 Positions Certified AEWR 730 $11.74 25 5 2 -- $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES OKLAHOMA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 114 1,564 92 74 Top Three Cities 83 1,472 77 66 114 3,284 1,973 502 83 3,183 1,423 464 0.24% 0.36% 1.93% 0.81% $82,031.62 $71,414.87 $8.87 $10.18 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Tulsa Oklahoma City Norman Positions Certified 30 20 9 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $67,615.47 $120,128.36 $76,925.33 Tulsa Oklahoma City Bartlesville Positions Certified 1,332 1,164 177 Avg.

Wage Offer $67,142.35 $76,851.21 $56,991.39 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Tulsa Edmond Oklahoma City Positions Certified 262 237 177 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $9.37 $8.37 $8.70 Guthrie Allen Capron Positions Certified 44 41 40 AEWR $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 14 $65,008.00 Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Civil Engineers Business Teachers, Postsecondary Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Mechanical Engineers 6 5 4 3 3 $216,900.00 Computer Programmers $64,183.60 Computer Occupations, All Other $124,168.50 Network and Computer Systems Administrators $46,723.87 Accountants and Auditors 79,236.33 -- 484 454 409 271 245 -- Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Forest and Conservation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Food Preparation Workers Helpers--Production Workers 898 164 89 57 50 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $8.41 Agricultural Equipment Operators $10.32 $7.95 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $8.78 Agricultural Workers, All Other $10.08 A-39 -- 284 155 23 2 -- $67,043.89 $58,666.73 $67,567.99 $57,390.54 $48,061.36 -- AEWR $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES OREGON Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 765 3,632 24 30 Top Three Cities 644 3,472 20 28 765 12,295 1,655 92 644 12,045 1,367 74 1.83% 0.85% 0.50% 0.34% $124,313.52 $83,811.47 $13.96 $12.00 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Hillsboro Portland Beaverton Positions Certified 500 40 24 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $132,654.11 $95,978.91 $97,746.61 Beaverton Portland Hillsboro Positions Certified 3,408 2,848 2,657 Avg. Wage Offer $77,477.15 $75,048.35 $94,574.95 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Central Point Beaverton Medford Positions Certified 253 246 206 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $11.96 $8.09 $12.68 Albany Damascus Ione Positions Certified 39 10 7 AEWR $12.00 $12.00 $12.00 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Materials Engineers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Internists, General 211 129 122 48 14 $132,037.89 Computer Systems Analysts 2,976 $73,306.31 $132,095.13 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,328 $70,238.83 $134,287.05 Computer Programmers 1,758 $62,259.33 $109,206.40 $187,573.75 Computer and Information Systems Managers Electronics Engineers, Except Com- puter 1,216 $102,273.62 832 $96,844.19 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Forest and Conservation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Floral Designers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Millwrights 833 315 185 24 10 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $11.53 $8.10 -- $9.68 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Worker $21.13 Agricultural Equipment Operators 44 15 12 2 1 A-40 AEWR $12.00 $12.00 $12.00 $12.00 $12.00 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES PENNSYLVANIA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,351 16,631 248 57 Top Three Cities 1,092 15,910 222 57 1,351 42,409 3,917 579 1,092 41,143 3,359 578 3.10% 3.87% 5.56% 0.70% $95,905.44 $75,034.79 $9.56 $10.87 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 226 116 49 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $95,857.22 $108,188.36 $87,478.04 Philadelphia Pittsburg Reading Positions Certified 13,952 5,053 1,550 Avg.

Wage Offer $74,349.46 $74,084.31 $73,137.12 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 283 175 174 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.95 $9.24 $8.11 Orefield Dover Dillsburg Positions Certified 71 48 44 AEWR $10.87 $10.87 $10.87 Pittsburgh Philadelphia Newtown Pittsburgh Exton Farmington Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Software Developers, Systems Soft- ware Computer Software Engineers, Appli- cations 409 117 76 33 31 $89,812.62 Computer Systems Analysts 15,826 $70,304.68 $90,927.59 Computer Programmers 6,103 $61,997.70 $170,874.82 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,646 $72,527.66 $92,210.72 Software Developers, Applications 2,355 $84,349.66 $90,616.19 Computer and Information Systems Managers 2,017 $106,645.83 H-2B H-2A Occupations Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Coaches and Scouts Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Helpers--Production Workers Positions Certified 2,488 156 143 90 67 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations $9.10 $8.21 $18.32 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and $8.12 Agricultural Equipment Operators $11.81 -- Positions Certified AEWR 496 $10.87 76 3 3 -- $10.87 $10.87 $10.87 -- A-41 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES PUERTO RICO Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 27 205 7 - Top Three Cities 16 180 2 - 27 322 49 - 16 297 23 - 0.05% 0.04% 0.05% - $65,289.22 $64,620.00 $32.10 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name San Juan Guaynabo Bayamon Positions Certified 7 3 2 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $57,224.53 $89,400.50 $58,000.00 San Juan Guaynabo Hato Rey Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 98 67 26 $71,437.51 $65,431.94 $51,676.77 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Mayaguez San Juan -- Positions Certified 22 1 -- Avg. Wage Offer City Name $11.02 $77.13 -- -- -- -- Positions Certified AEWR -- -- -- -- -- -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Financial Managers Computer Systems Analysts -- -- -- Occupations Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers Engineering Managers -- -- -- 2 2 -- -- -- H-2B Positions Certified $71,500.00 Computer Systems Analysts $65,500.00 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians -- -- -- Logisticians Computer Programmers Software Developers, Systems Soft- ware 84 25 22 15 11 H-2A $55,410.07 $52,006.50 $56,664.19 $50,116.67 $73,092.22 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified AEWR 22 1 -- -- -- $11.02 $77.13 -- -- -- A-42 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES RHODE ISLAND Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 62 1,777 16 4 Top Three Cities 50 1,712 13 4 62 3,432 281 5 50 3,338 263 5 0.14% 0.42% 0.33% 0.05% $87,972.89 $77,675.11 $10.94 $10.91 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Providence Warwick Smithfield Cumberland Cranston Block Island Johnston Peace Dale 17 7 4 4 4 Providence Woonsocket Cranston $82,401.47 $120,610.07 $107,631.23 $84,100.02 $91,225.00 -- -- 617 575 482 -- -- $84,769.99 $77,298.00 $71,384.68 -- -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 81 70 27 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.53 $8.10 $19.04 Greenville Johnston North Scituate Positions Certified 2 2 1 AEWR $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer H-1B Software Developers, Applications 11 $80,100.45 Computer Systems Analysts 1,094 $73,324.50 Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Software Developers, Systems Software Database Administrators 5 4 3 3 $90,832.12 Computer Programmers $172,750.00 Computer Occupations, All Other $93,329.67 Software Developers, Applications $89,000.03 Management Analysts 945 385 173 88 $61,688.21 $70,513.42 $87,003.76 $78,101.05 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Amusement and Recreation Attendants Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Food Preparation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 70 41 40 40 34 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $8.10 $9.33 $8.27 $8.79 $10.10 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse -- -- -- -- A-43 5 -- -- -- -- AEWR $10.91 -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES SOUTH CAROLINA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 126 1,650 56 44 Top Three Cities 108 1,536 48 41 126 4,918 1,834 3,245 108 4,767 1,422 2,928 0.31% 0.37% 1.20% 0.51% $84,576.39 $69,636.98 $8.91 $9.78 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Columbia Greenville Charleston Positions Certified 20 14 8 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $86,156.75 $87,145.57 $92,909.50 Greenville Columbia Camden Positions Certified 1,322 1,282 243 Avg. Wage Offer $67,647.47 $67,254.33 $50,957.71 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Myrtle Beach Kiawah Island Conway Positions Certified 375 178 146 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.99 $8.65 $10.43 Ridge Springs Monetta Johnston Positions Certified 720 350 330 AEWR $9.78 $9.78 $9.78 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer H-1B Software Developers, Applications 19 $81,326.13 Computer Systems Analysts 1,732 $65,200.94 Internists, General Industrial Engineers Electronics Engineers, Except Com- puter Computer Systems Analysts 7 7 6 5 $189,152.43 Computer Programmers $74,972.36 Computer and Information Systems Managers $117,143.33 Computer Occupations, All Other $90,380.40 Accountants and Auditors 762 412 377 180 $59,979.79 $96,363.60 $63,204.27 $52,946.82 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Tree Trimmers and Pruners Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Food Servers, Non-restaurant 588 333 185 75 53 53 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.61 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $9.65 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.83 $10.78 $8.12 $9.00 A-44 -- -- -- -- Positions Certified 2,871 57 -- -- -- -- AEWR $9.78 $9.78 -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES SOUTH DAKOTA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 35 259 61 123 Top Three Cities 32 238 53 111 35 1,398 1,299 665 32 1,377 994 561 0.09% 0.06% 1.33% 1.37% $127,279.98 $82,584.98 $10.01 $12.33 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Sioux Falls Flandreau Rapid City Brookings Aberdeen 15 7 2 2 2 Sioux Falls Brookings Rapid City $197,842.53 $17,056.00 $241,422.50 $76,688.00 $225,000.00 -- -- 1,270 28 16 -- -- $85,010.43 $60,108.85 $90,669.46 -- -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Arlington Sioux Falls Aberdeen -- Positions Certified 300 134 127 -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer City Name $10.04 $9.98 $11.46 -- Iroquois Garretson Kimball Bowdle Positions Certified 30 29 28 28 AEWR $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer H-1B Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Internists, General Bill and Account Collectors -- -- 7 7 7 -- -- $315,833.33 Computer Systems Analysts $187,857.14 Computer and Information Systems Managers $17,056.00 Computer Programmers -- -- Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Applications 675 404 108 23 17 $62,454.31 $96,054.75 $62,678.58 $63,539.57 $73,960.08 H-2B Positions Certified Occupations Construction Laborers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Food Preparation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Conveyor Operators and Tenders 396 130 60 58 49 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations $11.14 Agricultural Equipment Operators $8.37 $8.38 $9.76 $11.17 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse -- -- A-45 H-2A Positions Certified 302 180 79 -- -- AEWR $12.33 $12.33 $12.33 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES TENNESSEE Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 237 4,227 46 297 Top Three Cities 187 3,964 36 296 237 187 14,446 13,970 663 2,640 544 2,591 0.53% 0.96% 0.90% 3.65% $91,208.71 $73,454.34 $9.92 $9.80 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Memphis Nashville Chattanooga Knoxville Positions Certified 66 35 9 9 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $90,599.63 $79,208.83 $77,658.81 $92,549.37 Memphis Nashville Collierville -- Positions Certified 3,374 3,321 2,980 -- Avg. Wage Offer $75,252.91 $68,837.00 $69,552.35 -- H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Hixson Nashville Fayetteville Positions Certified 126 77 71 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Computer and Information Systems Managers Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 44 21 10 10 7 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Forest and Conservation Workers Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Construction Laborers Rock Splitters, Quarry Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants 274 126 47 27 15 15 Avg. Wage Offer City Name -- $9.12 $8.51 Unicoi Adams Cedar hill Positions Certified 338 281 174 AEWR $9.80 $9.80 $9.80 Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer $83,903.80 Computer Systems Analysts 4,702 $69,644.08 H-1B $86,410.03 Computer Programmers 2,401 $62,467.78 $180,167.84 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,869 $68,621.98 $109,657.59 Computer and Information Systems Managers 1,457 $94,788.34 $169,689.00 Software Developers, Applications 689 $80,220.44 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.90 -- Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals $8.53 Agricultural Equipment Operators $10.75 $13.76 $7.97 A-46 -- -- -- Positions Certified 2,582 6 3 -- -- -- AEWR $9.80 $9.80 $9.80 -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES TEXAS Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 3,820 41,684 543 360 Top Three Cities 2,936 39,569 445 333 3,820 78,859 15,085 2,229 2,936 75,563 11,416 2,043 8.34% 9.63% 11.15% 4.10% $91,602.57 $75,505.61 $10.02 $10.18 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Houston Irving Austin Positions Certified 885 367 273 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $100,274.83 $88,051.39 $101,432.21 Houston Irvine Dallas Positions Certified 20,985 9,971 9,478 Avg.

Wage Offer $78,544.08 $71,830.73 $71,974.05 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Austin San Antonio Houston Positions Certified 1,471 799 745 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $10.81 $10.04 $9.71 Dalhart Coyanosa Plantersville Positions Certified 143 124 80 AEWR $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Mechanical Engineers Computer and Information Systems Managers 732 362 134 103 91 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified $92,408.78 Computer Systems Analysts 18,705 $70,986.60 $92,524.09 Computer Programmers 12,392 $62,243.74 $104,918.91 Computer Occupations, All Other 8,499 $76,574.12 $92,113.92 Software Developers, Applications 6,151 $85,017.30 $128,339.98 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 2,251 $66,788.52 H-2A Avg.

Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 5,449 $8.89 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Construction Laborers 893 $9.64 Agricultural Equipment Operators Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 886 $12.24 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals Amusement and Recreation Attendants Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 675 498 $8.13 Agricultural Workers, All Other $8.80 Fence Erectors A-47 894 567 528 47 7 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 $10.18 10.18 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES UTAH Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 166 1,891 67 154 Top Three Cities 131 1,759 51 144 166 4,078 852 1,154 131 3,876 752 1,105 0.37% 0.43% 1.28% 1.77% $81,222.46 $71,182.57 $10.45 $10.08 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Salt Lake City Lehi Orem Logan Positions Certified 70 16 5 5 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $89,272.88 $80,080.40 $99,752.60 $90,109.60 Salt Lake City Sandy Draper Positions Certified 3,012 158 99 Avg. Wage Offer $69,268.13 $76,288.18 $75,877.05 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Snowbird Salt Lake City Park City Positions Certified 139 113 92 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $9.37 $9.35 $12.70 Salt Lake City Salem Santaquin Positions Certified 510 91 61 AEWR $10.08 $10.08 $10.08 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer H-1B Software Developers, Applications 35 $88,908.85 Computer Systems Analysts 1,562 $70,193.35 Electronics Engineers, Except Com- puter Computer Systems Analysts Accountants and Auditors Industrial Engineers 8 6 5 5 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Dining Room and Cafeteria Attend- ants and Bartender Food Preparation Workers 414 105 40 33 30 $74,457.38 Computer and Information Systems Managers $99,923.00 Computer Programmers $71,714.10 Software Developers, Applications $82,287.02 Computer Software Engineers, Appli- cations 412 258 251 203 $115,939.35 $83,385.79 $60,717.20 $98,044.80 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $9.09 $9.20 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse $8.04 Agricultural Workers, All Other $9.60 General Farmworkers $9.20 -- A-48 751 324 23 7 -- AEWR $10.08 $10.08 $10.08 $10.08 -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES VERMONT Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 66 258 21 67 Top Three Cities 49 244 19 65 66 599 377 467 49 556 358 465 0.14% 0.06% 0.48% 0.80% $89,199.58 $74,869.92 $10.83 $10.91 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name South Burlington Colchester Essex Junction Positions Certified 37 3 2 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $91,674.73 $92,099.67 $88,890.90 Montpelier Burlington Essex Junction Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 218 60 49 $76,982.41 $55,647.48 $84,642.31 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Ludlow Stowe Stratton Positions Certified 89 70 68 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $10.78 $10.53 $11.87 Shoreham Cornwall Bennington Positions Certified 106 62 49 AEWR $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 29 $96,337.03 Computer Systems Analysts Network and Computer Systems Administrators* Computer Systems Analysts Computer Software Engineers, Applications Computer Programmers 3 3 2 2 $82,717.00 Computer Software Engineers, Appli- cations $74,910.27 Computer Programmers $96,000.00 Software Developers, Applications $77,000.00 Electrical Engineers 141 100 71 43 41 $74,383.26 $117,234.00 $64,320.71 $80,362.45 $82,149.70 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 197 $10.31 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Positions Certified AEWR 410 $10.91 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attend- ants and Bartender Food Preparation Workers Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, 25 25 23 22 $9.80 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers $10.56 Packers and Packagers, Hand $12.76 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria $9.90 Agricultural Equipment Operators 34 17 3 1 $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 $10.91 A-49 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES VIRGIN ISLANDS Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 24 76 - - Top Three Cities 19 63 - - 24 77 - - 19 64 - - 0.05% 0.02% - - $35,618.06 $55,700.87 - - Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name St. Thomas Christiansted Positions Certified 15 4 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $35,957.95 $32,560.00 St. Thomas Christiansted Kingshill Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 32 12 6 $50,828.81 $40,269.53 $41,777.00 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name -- -- -- Positions Certified -- -- -- Avg.

Wage Offer City Name -- -- -- -- -- -- Positions Certified AEWR -- -- -- -- -- -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Special Education Teachers, Secondary School Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education Librarians -- 7 3 3 2 -- Occupations H-2B Positions Certified $32,000.00 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Care 14 $39,950.77 $38,437.91 $34,733.33 Special Education Teachers, Secondary School Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten $34,240.00 Librarians -- Accountants and Auditors 8 4 4 4 $41,578.74 $40,560.50 $42,858.43 $48,357.70 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified AEWR H-2A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- A-50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES VIRGINIA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,807 13,004 162 508 Top Three Cities 1,413 12,274 142 506 1,807 28,884 4,202 2,698 1,413 27,667 3,348 2,671 4.01% 2.99% 3.56% 6.23% $89,771.85 $74,720.21 $9.20 $9.68 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Herndon Reston Chantilly Positions Certified 174 151 125 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $94,442.23 $98,788.02 $93,349.37 Richmond McLean Reston Positions Certified 8,771 3,458 1,880 Avg. Wage Offer $73,305.36 $79,817.64 $78,841.59 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Alexandria Gordonsville Sterling Positions Certified 313 195 184 Top Five Occupations Avg. Wage Offer City Name $13.64 $10.88 $9.28 Dry Fork Winchester Penhook Positions Certified 1,169 226 218 AEWR $9.68 $9.68 $9.68 Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer Software Engineers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 506 252 49 43 35 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified $96,308.78 Computer Systems Analysts 7,396 $68,798.15 $97,105.09 Computer Programmers 5,790 $63,628.06 $93,200.07 Computer Occupations, All Other 3,410 $78,426.72 $100,033.60 Software Developers, Applications 2,519 $88,189.42 $89,694.51 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 855 $69,938.76 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Forest and Conservation Workers Packers and Packagers, Hand 1,655 $9.00 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse 519 299 195 150 $7.82 Agricultural Equipment Operators $9.47 $10.88 $7.87 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals -- -- A-51 Positions Certified 2,655 12 4 -- -- AEWR $9.68 $9.68 $9.68 -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES WASHINGTON Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1,498 15,107 71 195 Top Three Cities 1,281 14,485 63 191 1,498 32,171 883 6,368 1,281 30,665 848 6,349 3.64% 3.53% 1.58% 2.35% $111,059.57 $91,545.23 $10.57 $12.00 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 520 415 134 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $116,420.07 $115,113.28 $106,499.56 Redmond Seattle Bellevue Positions Certified 8,850 7,987 4,563 Avg. Wage Offer $96,812.13 $90,069.89 $93,383.75 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 251 224 80 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $18.57 410.44 $11.08 Brewster Mattawa Wenatchee Positions Certified 1,552 1,088 629 AEWR $12.00 $12.00 $12.00 Redmond Seattle Bellevue Seattle Chehalis Belfair Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Aerospace Engineers 614 100 67 58 33 $113,319.10 Software Developers, Applications 6,988 $106,857.46 $106,904.91 Computer Systems Analysts 6,687 $80,635.77 $118,381.38 Computer Occupations, All Other 3,865 $72,927.56 $132,588.90 Computer Programmers 2,786 $72,424.83 $108,230.76 Computer and Information Systems Managers 1,967 $124,812.92 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Forest and Conservation Workers Food Batchmakers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Floral Designers First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating 359 271 81 80 21 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $10.88 $12.61 $10.01 $11.08 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers $46.42 Agricultural Equipment Operators Positions Certified AEWR 6,289 $12.00 33 22 4 1 $12.00 $12.00 $12.00 $12.00 A-52 APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES WEST VIRGINIA Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 50 518 18 2 Top Three Cities 35 492 12 2 50 792 166 34 35 766 115 34 0.10% 0.12% 0.30% 0.02% $109,235.89 $93,148.73 $8.27 $9.80 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Morgantown Charleston Charles Town Positions Certified 7 5 4 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $86,784.91 $133,485.50 $94,450.00 Morgantown Charleston Martinsburg Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 311 152 85 $83,154.72 $81,774.28 $53,290.62 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Ona Morgantown Cross Lanes Positions Certified 24 22 15 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $8.24 $8.16 $8.24 Martinsburg Lesage -- Positions Certified 30 4 -- AEWR $9.80 $9.80 -- Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor H-1B Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications, Non R & D (ACWIA Only) Pediatricians, General Internists, General Psychiatrists -- 4 4 3 3 -- $94,450.00 Computer Occupations, All Other 187 $69,387.90 $168,857.50 Computer Systems Analysts $198,333.33 Computer Programmers $170,000.00 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other -- Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary 77 43 35 35 $59,911.29 $44,549.24 $243,248.60 $173,133.37 Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attend- ants Helpers--Production Workers Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Helpers--Carpenters 73 13 10 10 9 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Positions Certified $8.21 $8.14 $8.28 $8.24 $8.84 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse -- -- -- -- A-53 34 -- -- -- -- AEWR $9.80 -- -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES WISCONSIN Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 338 5,022 14 11 Top Three Cities 286 4,787 11 9 338 286 19,963 19,286 300 178 289 176 0.81% 1.17% 0.28% 0.11% $101,719.64 $77,902.66 $9.24 $11.30 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 55 49 39 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $86,649.50 $90,326.53 $122,539.84 Milwaukee Madison Menominee Falls Positions Certified 4,583 2,215 1,813 Avg. Wage Offer $78,187.18 $69,067.22 $72,558.82 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Positions Certified 154 68 14 14 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $9.44 48.64 $14.50 $7.99 Merrillan Livingston Viroqua -- Positions Certified 70 43 34 -- AEWR $11.30 $11.30 $11.30 -- Madison Verona Milwaukee Eleva Eau Claire Milwaukee Almond Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer H-1B Software Developers, Applications 112 $88,752.75 Computer Systems Analysts 6,837 $70,486.83 Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Industrial Engineers Database Administrators 32 25 8 7 7 $79,714.72 Computer Programmers 2,880 $61,057.10 $198,748.76 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,638 $68,050.56 $265,285.71 Computer and Information Systems Managers 2,567 $103,155.50 $81,689.64 Software Developers, Applications 1,201 $88,319.03 $92,452.97 -- -- -- Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer Occupations H-2A Forest and Conservation Workers 212 $9.20 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Tree Trimmers and Pruners Amusement and Recreation Attendants Bartenders Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 14 14 12 12 $14.50 Agricultural Equipment Operators $7.99 $9.99 $8.16 A-54 -- -- -- Positions Certified AEWR 173 $11.30 3 -- -- -- $11.30 -- -- -- APPENDIX A-STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES WYOMING Visa Category Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Total Positions Requested Total Positions Certified Percent of National Total Certified Applications Average Wage Offer/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 31 121 36 86 Top Three Cities 26 104 29 84 31 121 338 305 26 104 324 301 0.07% 0.03% 0.73% 1.03% $63,903.84 $76,870.87 $10.02 $9.99 Permanent Labor (by Positions Certified) H-1B (by Positions Certified) City Name Laramie Wheatland Casper Positions Certified 8 7 3 Avg.

Wage Offer City Name $63,171.13 $17,451.00 $143,955.55 Laramie Casper Rock Springs Positions Certified Avg. Wage Offer 40 11 7 $56,439.78 $113,722.78 $82,418.43 H-2B (by Positions Certified) H-2A (by Positions Certified) City Name Jackson Moran Teton Village Positions Certified 95 77 41 Avg. Wage Offer City Name $10.60 $8.61 $12.58 Rock Springs Cokeville Savery Positions Certified 48 39 25 AEWR $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 Top Five Occupations Permanent Labor Occupations Positions Certified Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals Engineering Teachers, Postsecond- ary Internists, General -- -- -- 7 2 2 -- -- -- Occupations H-2B Positions Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 121 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers 93 27 16 13 Avg. Wage Offer Occupations Positions Certified Avg.

Wage Offer $17,451.00 Internists, General 11 $245,040.00 H-1B $74,850.00 Management Analysts $184,600.00 Mechanical Engineers, R&D -- -- -- Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers Chemists Mechanical Engineers 6 5 5 4 4 H-2A Avg. Wage Offer Occupations $8.58 $9.83 $8.99 $8.60 $8.22 Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch and Aquacultural Animals Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products -- -- A-55 Positions Certified 282 14 5 -- -- $85,221.67 $53,302.40 $73,264.80 $69,157.25 $75,052.25 AEWR $9.99 $9.99 $9.99 -- -- Top Five Employment-Based Permanent Immigration Country Profiles A Appendix B - Country Employment-Based Immigration Profiles FISCAL YEAR 2013 SUMMARY STATISTICS TOP 10 U.S. INDIA SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Average Annual Wage Offer Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of National Total Certified Apps TOP 10 EMPLOYERS 25,388 20,930 $101,585.99 88.47% 95.14% 33 59.46% EMPLOYER NAME APPS CERTIFIED AVG WAGE OFFER TOP FIVE CLASSES OF ADMISSION VISA POSITIONS CERTIFIED CATEGORY H-1B Unspecified Parolee L-1 F-1 18,517 684 634 596 320 RANK STATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California New Jersey Texas New York Illinois Michigan Virginia Massachusetts Georgia Pennsylvania AVG WAGE OFFER $102,290.03 $85,411.37 $109,238.86 $102,062.91 $82,871.47 APPS CERTIFIED 4,353 2,661 1,738 1,165 1,028 1,005 961 930 855 752 Intel Corporation Oracle America, Inc. Microsoft Corporation Cisco Systems, Inc. Cognizant Technology Solutions, US Corporation HCL America Inc. Deloitte Consulting LLP Amazon Corporate LLC Bank Of America Apple Inc. Kforce Inc. TOP 10 U.S. STATES % ON H-1B VISA 91.84% 87.52% 80.21% 91.07% 89.49% 84.58% 89.28% 88.82% AVG WAGE OFFER $112,566.94 $95,148.50 $95,238.20 $108,516.61 $94,987.46 $85,852.76 $96,406.80 $100,866.29 $91,783.71 $94,774.71 TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS 90.29% 81.25% % BA/BS OR HIGHER 97.79% 97.26% 96.49% 93.82% 94.94% 97.01% 97.19% 95.05% 97.08% 89.36% RANK OCCUPATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Administrative Services Managers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Software Engineers, Applications Network and Computer Systems Administrators Database Administrators Internists, General Mechanical Engineers B-1 620 321 239 215 182 177 156 138 130 113 113 $133,781.96 $115,587.92 $117,946.88 $112,745.13 $103,164.01 $108,691.07 $123,553.03 $120,033.38 $106,322.84 $125,465.59 $95,311.86 MAJOR ECONOMIC SECTOR Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology Information Technology APPLICATIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER CERTIFIED 8,979 3,189 1,163 863 781 621 515 428 314 240 $96,890.63 $95,777.51 $113,325.22 $127,041.50 $114,124.12 $95,548.00 $89,212.89 $91,735.76 $181,637.95 $86,895.51 Appendix B - Country Employment-Based Immigration Profiles FISCAL YEAR 2013 SUMMARY STATISTICS TOP 10 U.S. CHINA STATES SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Average Annual Wage Offer Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of National Total Certified Apps TOP 10 EMPLOYERS 2,504 2,135 $96,539.75 85.85% 95.64% 33 6.06% EMPLOYER NAME APPS CERTIFIED AVG WAGE OFFER TOP FIVE CLASSES OF ADMISSION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 1,833 98 80 AVG WAGE OFFER $98,287.46 $118,700.96 $49,494.63 VISA CATEGORY H-1B L-1 Unspecified Google Inc. Oracle America, Inc. Microsoft Corporation Intel Corporation Amazon Corporate LLC Koch Foods of Alabama, LLC NVIDIA Corporation Synopsys, Inc. F-1 Not in USA 68 36 $89,587.28 Broadcom Corporation $50,090.71 eBay Inc. RANK STATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California New York Texas Washington Massachusetts Illinois New Jersey Virginia Georgia Maryland APPS CERTIFIED 751 198 145 132 101 79 67 56 43 41 TOP 10 U.S. STATES AVG WAGE OFFER $106,485.21 $105,060.61 $87,435.68 $112,108.05 $95,016.77 $85,703.98 $84,535.16 % ON H-1B VISA 86.95% 89.90% 93.79% 79.55% 90.10% 92.41% 91.04% $88,875.45 $82,075.81 $75,467.78 94.64% 65.12% 90.24% % BA/BS OR HIGHER 99.33% 96.46% 100.00% 99.24% 96.04% 94.94% 94.03% 98.21% 93.02% 95.12% TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS RANK OCCUPATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Statisticians Accountants and Auditors Financial Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Mechanical Engineers Operations Research Analysts B-2 83 61 57 51 44 23 22 21 19 19 $125,482.14 $114,271.62 $116,116.32 $137,512.35 $115,535.40 $17,950.40 $113,149.09 $135,236.38 $108,886.77 $116,637.13 MAJOR ECONOMIC SECTOR Information Technology Finance Advanced Manufacturing Information Technology Information Technology Finance Finance Other Economic Sector, IT, Finance, Other Economic Sector, Educational Other Economic Sector APPLICATIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER CERTIFIED 431 187 174 115 97 88 76 49 41 35 $108,881.07 $108,794.78 $116,588.50 $85,824.51 $77,470.58 $113,955.66 $92,103.40 $17,840.08 $87,581.28 $97,066.66 Appendix B - Country Employment-Based Immigration Profiles FISCAL YEAR 2013 SUMMARY STATISTICS TOP 10 SOUTH KOREA U.S. STATES SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Average Annual Wage Offer Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of National Total Certified Apps TOP 10 EMPLOYERS EMPLOYER NAME APPS CERTIFIED TOP FIVE CLASSES OF ADMISSION Intel Corporation Koch Foods Of Alabama, LLC Oracle America, Inc. Microsoft Corporation Google Inc. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. Blizzard Entertainment, Inc. Wyoming Premium Farms, LLC POSITIONS CERTIFIED 732 185 176 AVG WAGE OFFER $90,261.69 $51,584.89 $58,625.24 VISA CATEGORY H-1B Unspecified F-1 E-2 B-2 133 44 $75,021.58 PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP $71,487.97 Broadcom Corporation 52 51 17 10 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 2,046 1,406 $78,528.43 52.06 81.29% 39 3.99% AVG WAGE OFFER $134,484.84 $17,950.40 $120,650.27 $120,668.67 $135,857.14 $121,320.90 $122,137.43 $59,651.54 $17,451.00 $90,867.86 $114,555.67 RANK STATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California New York Alabama New Jersey Texas Georgia Oregon Virginia Illinois Washington APPS CERTIFIED 539 132 98 83 72 71 50 44 38 26 TOP 10 U.S. STATES AVG WAGE OFFER $77,319.19 $83,094.46 $43,804.07 $78,072.12 $80,393.67 $64,709.30 $124,321.41 $57,188.64 $60,363.95 $84,014.34 % ON H-1B VISA 41.00% 61.36% 21.43% 71.08% 72.22% 36.62% 92.00% 40.91% 47.37% 73.08% % BA/BS OR HIGHER 84.97% 80.30% 69.39% 86.75% 83.33% 71.83% 98.00% 63.64% 65.79% 88.46% TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS MAJOR ECONOMIC SECTOR Other Economic Sector Other Economic Sector Agribusiness Agribusiness Advanced Manufacturing Other Economic Sector Advanced Manufacturing Other Economic Sector Other Economic Sector Information Technology RANK OCCUPATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Accountants and Auditors Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Software Developers, Applications Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists* Software Developers, Systems Software Materials Engineers Computer Systems Analysts Financial Managers Chefs and Head Cooks B-3 APPLICATIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER CERTIFIED 77 72 66 63 62 53 46 29 29 29 $71,319.88 $114,180.77 $17,957.78 $101,589.85 $61,443.41 $117,250.97 $131,926.93 $93,926.52 $103,229.17 $44,364.83 Appendix B - Country Employment-Based Immigration Profiles FISCAL YEAR 2013 SUMMARY STATISTICS TOP 10 CANADA U.S. STATES SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Average Annual Wage Offer Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of National Total Certified Apps TOP 10 EMPLOYERS 1,882 1,563 $116,453.90 79.01% 86.63% 40 4.44% EMPLOYER NAME APPS CERTIFIED AVG WAGE OFFER TOP FIVE CLASSES OF ADMISSION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 1,235 209 50 AVG WAGE OFFER $119,103.07 $103,240.98 $118,677.67 VISA CATEGORY H-1B TN L-1 Unspecified Parolee 36 8 $107,039.58 Cisco Systems, Inc. $119,484.37 Broadcom Corporation Microsoft Corporation Intel Corporation Google Inc. Amazon Corporate LLC Apple Inc. Oracle America, Inc. NVIDIA Corporation Facebook, Inc. RANK STATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California New York Washington Texas Michigan Massachusetts Florida New Jersey Illinois Pennsylvania APPS CERTIFIED 460 159 138 127 70 63 52 48 43 42 TOP 10 U.S. STATES AVG WAGE OFFER $120,636.87 $132,661.69 $119,840.26 $107,671.94 $100,610.31 $106,855.39 $103,468.73 $111,149.82 $97,155.71 $114,481.03 TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS % ON H-1B VISA 80.65% 77.99% 78.99% 71.65% 75.71% 80.95% 73.08% 77.08% 83.72% 71.43% % BA/BS OR HIGHER 92.17% 81.76% 82.61% 92.13% 84.29% 90.48% 78.85% 93.75% 93.02% 88.10% RANK OCCUPATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Mechanical Engineers Architectural and Engineering Managers Marketing Managers Accountants and Auditors Financial Managers B-4 45 32 29 28 16 16 12 11 11 9 $123,438.26 $137,735.65 $140,456.96 $120,064.27 $145,744.80 $129,711.47 $126,753.87 $132,449.68 $125,673.60 $130,781.22 MAJOR ECONOMIC SECTOR Information Technology Finance Information Technology Advanced Manufacturing Automotive Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Information Technology Educational Services Advanced Manufacturing APPLICATIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER CERTIFIED 210 100 90 76 57 44 43 42 31 30 $111,966.78 $103,351.67 $123,201.61 $125,885.32 $143,834.61 $91,900.11 $136,997.05 $151,066.48 $99,615.48 $161,215.87 Appendix B - Country Employment-Based Immigration Profiles FISCAL YEAR 2013 SUMMARY STATISTICS TOP 10 PHILIPPINES U.S. STATES SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Average Annual Wage Offer Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of National Total Certified Apps TOP 10 EMPLOYERS EMPLOYER NAME Los Angeles Unified School District TOP FIVE CLASSES Intel Corporation Espanola Public Schools OF ADMISSION VISA CATEGORY H-1B Unspecified B-2 L-1 F-1 POSITIONS CERTIFIED 672 113 68 25 9 RANK STATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California New York Texas New Jersey Illinois Arizona New Mexico Florida Maryland Virginia RANK OCCUPATION AVG WAGE OFFER $79,612.86 $49,631.51 $54,154.54 $89,249.54 $66,255.00 APPS CERTIFIED 287 81 57 47 45 39 39 35 32 29 Rite Aid Corporation Gallup McKinley County Schools E.C. Ortiz & Co., LLP Riverview Health Services, Inc. East Carroll Parish School Board IT Solutions Group Inc. U.S. Virgin Islands, Department of Education Ajo Unified School District #15 TOP 10 U.S. STATES AVG WAGE OFFER $64,367.26 $64,948.56 $69,923.15 $76,534.80 $80,266.00 $57,721.48 $40,219.15 $68,566.05 $62,814.82 $66,251.72 % ON H-1B VISA 46.34% 75.31% 87.72% 80.85% 84.44% 84.62% 97.44% 88.57% 90.63% 86.21% % BA/BS OR HIGHER 85.71% 75.31% 98.25% 93.62% 91.11% 92.31% 100.00% 80.00% 96.88% 86.21% TOP 10 OCCUPATIONS 1,343 928 $73,202.82 72.41% 84.91% 40 2.64% AVG WAGE OFFER $44,093.73 $135,728.10 $35,228.38 $132,715.56 $31,280.00 $50,500.00 $17,056.00 $34,790.00 $62,819.33 $35,420.00 $31,384.00 APPS CERTIFIED 59 12 9 9 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 MAJOR ECONOMIC SECTOR Educational Services Other Economic Sector Health Care Information Technology Health Care Educational Services Educational Services Health Care Health Care Educational Services APPLICATIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER CERTIFIED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Occupational Therapists Software Developers, Applications Accountants and Auditors Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Home Health Aides Internists, General Computer Systems Analysts Electrical Engineers Medical and Health Services Managers B-5 96 86 54 50 42 35 30 28 28 22 22 $43,269.84 $52,648.21 $74,905.83 $98,426.92 $64,384.93 $107,314.89 $20,469.77 $177,322.94 $94,914.60 $87,520.09 $84,723.82 Office of Foreign Labor Certification