DHS OIG, OIG-11-33, Examining Insider Threat Risk at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (2011)

DHS OIG

Section: Examining Insider Threat Risk at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Effective: 1/20/2011

Bluebook Citation: DHS OIG, OIG-11-33, Examining Insider Threat Risk at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (2011)

Department of Homeland Security Ofﬁce of Inspector General Examining Insider Threat Risk at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (Redacted) OIG-11-33 January 2011 Examining Insider Threat Risk at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services� � � � Prepared�for�Department�of�Homeland�Security�� Office�of�Inspector�General�� by�the�Software�Engineering�Institute�at�Carnegie�Mellon�University� � Insider Threat Center at CERT December 2010 � � NO(cid:2)WARRANTY(cid:2)(cid:2) THIS�CARNEGIE�MELLON�UNIVERSITY�AND�SOFTWARE�ENGINEERING�INSTITUTE�MATERIAL(cid:2) IS(cid:2)FURNISHED(cid:2)ON(cid:2)AN(cid:2)"AS(cid:3)IS"(cid:2)BASIS.��CARNEGIE(cid:2)MELLON(cid:2)UNIVERSITY(cid:2)MAKES(cid:2)NO(cid:2) WARRANTIES(cid:2)OF(cid:2)ANY(cid:2)KIND,�EITHER�EXPRESSED�OR�IMPLIED,�AS�TO�ANY�MATTER� INCLUDING,�BUT�NOT�LIMITED�TO,�WARRANTY(cid:2)OF(cid:2)FITNESS(cid:2)FOR(cid:2)PURPOSE(cid:2)OR(cid:2) MERCHANTABILITY,(cid:2)EXCLUSIVITY,(cid:2)OR(cid:2)RESULTS(cid:2)OBTAINED(cid:2)FROM(cid:2)USE(cid:2)OF(cid:2)THE(cid:2)MATERIAL.�� CARNEGIE�MELLON�UNIVERSITY�DOES�NOT�MAKE�ANY�WARRANTY�OF�ANY�KIND�WITH� RESPECT�TO�FREEDOM�FROM�PATENT,�TRADEMARK,�OR�COPYRIGHT�INFRINGEMENT.�� Use�of�any�trademarks�in�this�report�is�not�intended�in�any�way�to�infringe�on�the�rights�of� the�trademark�holder.�� (cid:2) � � �� Table(cid:2)of(cid:2)Contents(cid:2) (cid:2) Executive�Summary................................................................................................................... 1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 2 Objective ................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope.........................................................................................................................................

3 Assessment�Process/Methodology........................................................................................... 5 Results�of�Assessment............................................................................................................... 7 Organizational ....................................................................................................................... 7 Human�Resources .................................................................................................................9 Physical�Security..................................................................................................................

11 Business�Processes..............................................................................................................12 Incident�Response ...............................................................................................................14 Software�Engineering .......................................................................................................... 15 Information�Technology...................................................................................................... 16 Recommendation�#1:�Institute�an�enterprise�risk�management�plan................................ 22 Recommendation�#2:�Incorporate�insider�threat�risk�mitigation�strategies�into�the� Transformation�effort .........................................................................................................

22 Recommendation�#3:�Centralize�records�of�misconduct�and�violations�to�better�enable�a� coordinated�response�to�insider�threats ............................................................................ 22 Recommendation�#4:� � ...................................................................... 23 Recommendation�#5:�Consider�separation�of�duties�for�critical�business�processes�and� their�related�information�systems ...................................................................................... 23 Recommendation�#6:�Conduct�audit�of�PICS�and�FSN�accounts�for�USCIS�systems...........

23 Recommendation�#7:�Employ�consistent�physical�security�policies�for�field�offices�and� service�centers,�including�the�physical�case�files................................................................ 23 Recommendation�#8:�Consistently�enforce�exit�procedures.............................................. 24 Recommendation�#9:�Examine�HR�screening�procedures�for�high�risk�positions�and�FSNs ............................................................................................................................................ 24 Recommendation�#10:�Ensure�that�physical�and�computer�access�is�terminated�in�a�timely� fashion.................................................................................................................................

24 Recommendation�#11:�Enforce�a�requirement�for�individual�accounts�on�critical�systems ............................................................................................................................................ 25 CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | i � Recommendation�#12:� ........... 25 Recommendation�#13:�Reduce�the�number�of�privileged�accounts�for�critical�data�systems ............................................................................................................................................ 25 Recommendation�#14:� � ...............................................................................................................................

25 Recommendation�#15:�Implement�procedural�and�technical�controls�to�prevent�source� code�under�development�from�being�released�without�appropriate�review..................... 25 Recommendation�#16:� � ......................... 26 Recommendation�#17:� � ................................................................................................................ 26 Recommendation�#18:�Periodic�security�refresher�training�should�be�regularly�conducted� and�required�for�all�employees...........................................................................................

26 Management�Comments�and�OIG�Analysis ............................................................................ 27 Appendixes.............................................................................................................................. 28 Appendix�A:�Organizational .................................................................................................... 30 Appendix�B:�Human�Resources...............................................................................................

37 Appendix�C:�Physical�Security ................................................................................................. 42 Appendix�D:�Business�Processes ............................................................................................. 48 Appendix�E:�Incident�Response............................................................................................... 62 Appendix�F:�Software�Engineering..........................................................................................

69 Appendix�G:�Information�Technology..................................................................................... 75 Appendix�H:�Acronyms.......................................................................................................... 107� Appendix�I:�Management�Comments�to�the�Draft�Report ................................................... 109� Appendix�J:�Contributors�to�this�Report ...............................................................................

110� Appendix�K:�Report�Distribution ........................................................................................... 111� � � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | ii � Executive(cid:2)Summary(cid:2) The�U.S.�Department�of�Homeland�Security,�Office�of�Inspector�General�engaged�the�Insider� Threat�Center�at�CERT,�of�the�Software�Engineering�Institute�at�Carnegie�Mellon�University� to�conduct�an�insider�threat�assessment�of�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigration�Services.��The� objective�of�the�assessment�was�to�determine�how�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigration�Ser� vices�has�taken�steps�to�protect�its�information�technology�systems�and�data�from�the� threats�posed�by�employees�and�contractors.��The�assessment�evaluated�U.S.�Citizenship� and�Immigration�Services�against�approximately�400�real�insider�threat�compromises�docu� mented�in�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database.��These�cases,�all�prosecuted�in�the�United� States,�include�fraud,�sabotage,�and�theft�of�intellectual�property.� The�assessment�team�performed�fieldwork�in�the�national�capital�region,�Vermont�Service� Center,�and�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigration�Services�Burlington�offices.��Due�to�the�limited� scope�of�the�assessment,�systems�reviewed,�and�locations�visited,�CERT�was�not�able�to�ver� ify�the�institutionalization�and�enforcement�of�any�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigration�Ser� vices’�policies�or�render�an�overall�opinion�of�the�effectiveness�of�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immi� gration�Services�insider�threat�posture.��The�Office�of�Inspector�General�did�not�request� CERT�to�conduct�a�comprehensive�information�system’s�technical�security�controls�review�or� vulnerability�assessment�to�determine�the�susceptibility�to�internal�threats.��The�Office�of� Inspector�General�may�perform�an�in�depth�follow�up�review�to�render�an�overall�opinion�of� the�effectiveness�of�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigration�Services�insider�threat�posture.�� U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigration�Services�has�made�progress�in�implementing�elements�of� an�effective�insider�threat�program.��Specifically,�it�has�established�a�Conviction�Task�Force� to�review�former�employees�convicted�of�criminal�misconduct�within�the�scope�of�their�du� ties;�performs�risk�management�for�information�technology�and�financial�management;�de� veloped�exit�procedures�for�employees;�improved�protection�of�its�facilities�and�assets;�and� adheres�to�formalized�processes�for�some�systems.��In�addition,�it�is�implementing�Home� land�Security�Presidential�Directive�12�for�physical�and�electronic�account�management.�� While�these�efforts�have�resulted�in�some�improvements,�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigration� Services�has�opportunities�to�improve�its�security�posture�against�threats�posed�by�employ� ees�and�contractors.��For�example,�it�can�institute�an�enterprise�risk�management�plan�and� incorporate�insider�threat�risk�mitigation�strategies�into�its�new�business�processes.��It�can� also�centralize�records�of�misconduct�and�violations;�institute�a�logging�strategy�to�preserve� system�activities;�implement�separation�of�duties�for�adjudicative�decisions;�conduct�audits� of�non�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigration�Services�accounts;�employ�consistent�policies�for� physical�security;�and�consistently�enforce�employee�exit�procedures.�� The�assessment�team�is�making�18�recommendations�to�the�Director�of�U.S.�Citizenship�and� Immigration�Services�to�strengthen�the�department’s�security�posture�against�malicious�in� sider�threats.��USCIS�concurred�with�all�of�our�recommendations�and�has�already�begun�to� take�actions�to�implement�them.��The�department’s�response�is�included,�in�its�entirety,�as� appendix�I.�� CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 1� � Background(cid:2)(cid:2) The�U.S.�Department�of�Homeland�Security�(DHS),�Office�of�Inspector�General�(DHS�OIG)� engaged�the�CERT�program�in�the�Software�Engineering�Institute�at�Carnegie�Mellon�Univer� sity�to�conduct�an�insider�threat�vulnerability�assessment�of�U.S.�Citizenship�and�Immigra� tion�Services�(USCIS).��The�project�approaches�the�insider�threat�problem�on�two�primary� fronts:�� The�human�behavioral�component� � The�technological�solution�for�automating�prevention�and�detection�capabilities�to� identify,�measure,�monitor,�and�control�insider�threat�vectors�� Insiders�can�be�current�or�former�employees,�contractors,�or�business�partners�who�have�or� had�authorized�access�to�their�organization's�system�and�networks.��They�are�familiar�with� internal�policies,�procedures,�and�technology�and�can�exploit�that�knowledge�to�facilitate� attacks�and�even�collude�with�external�attackers.��CERT’s�research,�conducted�since�2001,� has�focused�on�gathering�data�about�actual�malicious�insider�acts,�including�information� technology�(IT)�sabotage,�fraud,�theft�of�confidential�or�proprietary�information,�espionage,� and�potential�threats�to�our�Nation's�critical�infrastructures.�� CERT�developed�an�insider�threat�vulnerability�assessment�instrument�for�evaluating�vulner� abilities�to�insider�threat�based�on�research�to�date.��Because�of�the�complexity�of�the�in� sider�threat�problem—involving�security�officers,�information�technology,�information�secu� rity,�management,�data�owners,�software�engineering,�and�human�resources—organizations� need�assistance�in�merging�the�wealth�of�available�guidance�into�a�single,�actionable�frame� work.��CERT�advises�organizations�to�use�this�assessment�instrument�to�help�safeguard�their� critical�infrastructure.� CERT�built�the�assessment�based�on�research�of�approximately�400�insider�threat�cases�in� the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database.1��These�cases�are�a�collection�of�real�insider�threat� compromises—primarily�fraud,�sabotage,�and�theft�of�intellectual�property—that�have�been� prosecuted�in�the�United�States.��Starting�in�2002,�CERT�collaborated�with�U.S.�Secret�Ser� vice�behavioral�psychologists�to�collect�approximately�150�actual�insider�threat�cases�that� occurred�in�U.S.�critical�infrastructure�sectors�between�1996�and�2002,�and�examined�them� from�both�a�technical�and�a�behavioral�perspective.��Since�that�original�study,�CERT�has�con� tinued�to�add�cases,�with�funding�from�Carnegie�Mellon’s�CyLab2,�bringing�the�case�library�to� a�total�of�approximately�400�cases.��The�instrument�encompasses�technical,�behavioral,� process,�and�policy�issues,�and�is�structured�around�information�technology,�information� security,�human�resources,�physical�security,�business�processes,�legal�and�contracting,� management,�and�organizational�issues.�� 1�Note�that�the�database�does�not�contain�national�security�espionage�cases�involving�classified�in� formation.� 2�http://www.cylab.cmu.edu/� � � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 2� � Objective(cid:2)(cid:2) The�objective�of�the�insider�threat�vulnerability�assessment�was�to�determine�how�USCIS�has� taken�steps�to�protect�its�IT�systems�and�data�from�the�threat�posed�by�employees�and�con� tractors.��This�assessment�was�based�on�behavioral�as�well�as�technical�experience�and�it�is� intended�to�assist�USCIS�in�safeguarding�its�critical�infrastructure.��The�assessment�will:� � Enable�USCIS�to�gain�a�better�understanding�of�its�vulnerability�to�insider�threat�and� provide�an�ability�to�identify�and�manage�associated�risks� � � Identify�technical,�organizational,�personnel,�business�security,�and�process�issues� into�a�single,�actionable�framework� Identity�short�term�countermeasures�against�insider�threats� � Help�guide�USCIS�in�its�ongoing�risk�management�process�for�implementing�long� term,�strategic�countermeasures�against�insider�threats� Scope(cid:2) USCIS�employs�approximately�18,000�government�employees�and�contractors�located�at�250� offices�throughout�the�world.3��The�insider�threat�vulnerability�assessment�is�intended�to� focus�on�critical�systems�and�high�risk�areas�of�concern�that�can�be�assessed�in�a�3�to�5�day� timeframe.��Therefore,�at�a�pre�assessment�walkthrough�meeting,�USCIS�staff�identified�3� systems�of�the�96�systems�used�by�the�agency�as�critical�to�its�overall�mission:�� Verification�Information�System�(VIS)—this�public�facing�system�is�composed�of�five� different�applications.��The�purpose�of�the�system�is�to�provide—� o Immigration�status�information�to�government�benefit�granting�organiza� tions�to�help�them�determine�the�eligibility�of�aliens�who�apply�for�benefits� o A�means�for�private�employers�to�perform�employment�eligibility�verifica� tion�of�newly�hired�employees� � Computer�Linked�Application�Information�Management�System�(CLAIMS)—This�sys� tem�provides�the�following�functions:�� 3http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?vgnextoi d=2af29c7755cb9010VgnVCM10000045f3d6a1RCRD&vgnextchannel=2af29c7755cb9010Vgn VCM10000045f3d6a1RCRD� � � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 3� � o CLAIMS�3�Local�Area�Network�(C3�LAN)�was�originally�developed�to�track� the�receipting�of�applicant�or�petitioner�remittances�and�to�produce�notices� documenting�the�remittance.��C3�LAN�now�includes�adjudication,�archive,� card�production,�case�history,�case�transfer,�on�demand�reports,�electronic� file�tracking,�image�capture,�production�statistics,�status�update,�and�elec� tronic�ingest�of�application�data�captured�through�the�E�Filing�web�applica� tion�and�the�Department�of�Treasury�sponsored�lockbox�operations.� o C3�mainframe�supports�processing�of�USCIS�applications�and�petitions�for� various�immigrant�benefits�(e.g.,�change�of�status,�employment�authoriza� tion,�and�extension�of�stay).� � Fraud�Detection�and�National�Security�Data�System�(FDNS�DS)—This�system�was�de� veloped�to�identify�threats�to�national�security,�combat�benefit�fraud,�and�locate� and�remove�vulnerabilities�that�compromise�the�integrity�of�the�legal�immigration� system.�� It�is�important�to�note�that�the�insider�threat�vulnerability�assessment�is�limited�to�areas�of� concern�observed�in�the�hundreds�of�cases�in�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�database.��People,� technology,�and�organizations�are�constantly�changing,�and�malicious�insiders�continue�to� come�up�with�new�avenues�of�attack�in�order�to�defeat�a�previously�effective�countermea� sure.��However,�many�of�the�countermeasures�suggested�in�this�report�are�applicable�to�a� multitude�of�attack�vectors.�� It�is�also�important�to�note�that�CERT’s�insider�threat�research�has�only�explored�intentional� insider�crimes.��Accidental�data�leakage�is�an�area�of�significant�concern�for�organizations;� however,�CERT�has�not�yet�explored�that�aspect�of�insider�threat.��In�addition,�the�focus�of� the�research�to�date�is�to�describe�how�the�insider�threat�problem�evolves�over�time.��CERT’s� long�term�research�does�include�measuring�the�effectiveness�of�mitigation�strategies.� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 4� � Assessment(cid:2)Process/Methodology(cid:2)(cid:2) An�entrance�conference�was�conducted�by�the�DHS�OIG,�CERT,�and�USCIS�on�February�23,� 2010.��The�entrance�conference�introduced�USCIS�to�the�CERT�assessment�team.��Following� the�entrance�conference,�a�pre�assessment�walkthrough�was�held�at�USCIS�headquarters�on� March�10,�2010.��At�that�meeting,�the�CERT�assessment�team�and�the�DHS�OIG�team�ex� plained�the�assessment�process�to�representatives�of�USCIS.��USCIS�provided�some�docu� mentation�to�the�assessment�team�at�that�time�and�more�documents�throughout�the�as� sessment;�those�documents�were�reviewed�to�provide�substantiation�for�findings�in�this� report.�� USCIS�identified�96�systems�it�uses.��Following�the�initial�meeting,�USCIS�leadership�and�the� assessment�team�chose�the�VIS,�CLAIMS,�and�FDNS�DS�systems�because�they�were�critical�to� the�overall�mission�of�USCIS.��These�three�systems�were�the�focus�of�the�5�day�onsite�as� sessment.�� At�the�pre�assessment�walk�through,�USCIS�indicated�that�it�had�created�a�Convictions�Task� Force�to�review�the�activities�of�10�former�employees�convicted�of�criminal�misconduct� within�the�scope�of�their�official�duties.��The�purpose�of�the�task�force�is�to�identify�issues� these�employees�exploited�to�commit�their�crimes.��The�task�force�intended�to�develop�find� ings�and�recommendations�aimed�at�preventing�similar�crimes�in�the�future.��It�graciously� extended�an�invitation�to�the�CERT�and�DHS�OIG�teams�to�participate.��As�a�result,�the�teams� observed,�or�reviewed�transcripts�of,�all�telephone�conferences�conducted�by�the�task�force.�� These�findings�are�reflected�in�this�report.�� The�CERT�insider�threat�team�and�the�DHS�OIG�liaison�were�on�site�at�various�USCIS�loca� tions�in�the�national�capital�region�(NCR)�from�March�30�through�April�1,�2010.�� The�DHS�OIG�liaisons�were�present�at�all�interviews.��The�DHS�OIG�attended�these�interviews� as�an�observer�and�assisted�CERT�as�needed.� Face�to�face�interviews�were�conducted�with�approximately�58�representatives�in�the�NCR,� followed�by�32�representatives�in�the�Vermont�Service�Center�and�USCIS�Burlington�offices.�� In�addition,�telephone�conferences�were�held�with�staff�from�the�Office�of�Security�and�In� tegrity�(OSI)�Investigations�Division�and�the�Security�Network�Operations�Center�(SNOC).�� Interviewees�represented�the�following�areas:� � Data�Owners�(VIS,�CLAIMS,�and�FDNS�DS)�� Computer�Sciences�Corporation�(CSC)�(software�engineering�and�operational�sup� port�for�VIS,�CLAIMS,�and�FDNS�DS)� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 5� � � OSI�(Physical�Security,�Regional�Security,�Investigations,�Personnel�Security,�Counter� intelligence)� � Human�Capital�and�Training�(Training,�Human�Resources�Operations�Center,�Labor� Employee�Relations)� � Office�of�Information�Technology�(OIT)�(IT�Security,�Computer�Security�Incident�Re� sponse�Team,�Security�and�Network�Operations�Center,�Account�Management,�En� terprise�Operations)� Legal�(Procurement�Law)� � � Vermont�Service�Center�(adjudicators,�data�entry�clerks,�supervisor,�directors,�OIT,� software�engineering)� All�interviews�were�considered�confidential;�no�record�of�participating�employees�is�included� in�this�report�or�in�subsequent�briefings.��Findings�are�attributed�only�to�a�group�or�depart� ment�interviewed,�a�document,�the�Convictions�Task�Force�telephone�conferences,�or�direct� observation.�� CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 6� CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 7� � A�critical�issue�for�USCIS�is�ensuring�that�the�entire�organization�is�risk�aware,�and�imple� menting�a�formal�risk�management�process�to�address�risk�consistently�and�continually� across�the�enterprise.��There�does�not�appear�to�be�a�consistent�understanding�of�the�broad� spectrum�of�risks�facing�USCIS.��The�assessment�team�was�told�there�is�no�enterprise�wide� risk�management�program�at�USCIS.��OIT�performs�risk�management�for�Information�Tech� nology�(IT),�and�Financial�Management�performs�risk�management�for�financial�matters,�but� no�one�was�aware�of�any�enterprise�wide�efforts.��In�addition,�each�field�office�and�service� center�appears�to�operate�fairly�independently.��It�is�important�for�those�organizations�to� work�together�to�identify,�prioritize,�and�address�risk.��Ongoing�communication�between�all� components�of�USCIS�will�help�ensure�that�new�threats,�attack�vectors,�and�countermea� sures�are�communicated�and�handled�effectively�by�all.�� In�addition,�USCIS�employees�and�contractors�hold�the�keys�to�one�of�the�world’s�most�cov� eted�kingdoms—U.S.�citizenship.��This�makes�employees�and�contractors�attractive�targets� for�recruitment.��Because�of�the�sensitive�nature�of�USCIS�mission,�some�of�its�employees� and�contractors�have�been�targets�for�recruitment�for�theft�or�unauthorized�modification�of� USCIS�data.��All�employees�should�be�aware�of�the�consequences�of�participating�in�fraud� against�USCIS.��They�should�also�be�instructed�on�how�to�report�solicitations�made�to�com� mit�fraud.� Transformation(cid:2)(cid:2) Transformation�is�a�large�business�process�reengineering�effort�in�USCIS�primarily�focused� on�improved�customer�service,�workflow�automation,�fraud�detection,�and�national�security� issues.��USCIS�is�relying�heavily�on�Transformation�to�correct�many�of�the�problems�resulting� from�legacy�systems.��This�reliance�on�a�single�effort�makes�its�effectiveness�very�important.�� The�team�found�the�Transformation�effort�to�be�a�massive�undertaking�that�appears�to�be� implementing�a�very�detailed�project�plan.�� Based�on�the�team’s�review�of�the�requirements�for�fraud�detection�and�national�security� issues,�it�appears�there�are�no�requirements�to�address�insider�threats.��The�assessment� team�reviewed�five�comprehensive�Transformation�documents�as�part�of�this�assessment.� The�documents�describe�system�requirements�in�detail.��Fraud�detection�refers�to�detection� of�fraud�perpetrated�by�applicants�and�petitioners;�national�security�issues�focus�on�the� handling�of�investigations�within�USCIS�that�involve�national�security�issues.�� Again,�an�enterprise�risk�management�approach�should�be�considered�when�defining�re� quirements�for�Transformation.��Insiders�at�USCIS�have�perpetrated�fraud�in�the�past,�as�evi� denced�by�the�Convictions�Task�Force.��In�addition,�USCIS�insiders�are�capable�of�granting� legal�residency�or�citizenship�status�to�someone�who�poses�a�national�security�risk�to�the� United�States.� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 8� � Training(cid:2)and(cid:2)Awareness(cid:2) It�is�essential�that�security�awareness�training�is�consistently�provided�to�all�employees�to� ensure�security�policies�and�practices�are�institutionalized�throughout�an�organization.�� Many�times,�co�workers�and�supervisors�are�the�first�people�to�observe�concerning�behavior� exhibited�by�malicious�insiders.��Failure�to�report�concerning�behavior�by�co�workers�or�oth� ers�in�an�organization�was�a�primary�reason�insiders�in�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�data� base�continued�to�set�up�or�carry�out�their�attacks.�� USCIS�should�continue�to�provide�security�awareness�training�to�all�employees�and�contrac� tors�across�the�globe.��This�training�should�be�consistently�applied�to�each�site,�with�a�consis� tent�message�of�security�of�USCIS�people,�systems,�and�data.��It�is�imperative�that�all�USCIS� employees�be�responsible�for�achieving�the�mission�of�USCIS�and�protecting�the�critical�as� sets�to�the�highest�extent�possible.� Human(cid:2)Resources(cid:2) An�organization’s�approach�to�reducing�insider�threat�should�focus�on�proactively�managing� employee�issues�and�behaviors.��This�concept�begins�with�effective�hiring�processes�and� background�investigations�to�screen�potential�candidates.��Organizations�should�also�train� supervisors�to�monitor�and�respond�to�behaviors�of�concern�exhibited�by�current�employ� ees.��Some�cases�from�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�database�revealed�that�suspicious�activity� was�noticed�in�the�workplace�but�not�acted�upon.��Organizations�must�establish�a�well� organized�and�professional�method�for�handling�negative�employment�issues�and�ensuring� that�human�resource�policy�violations�are�addressed.�� Organizational�issues�related�to�functions�shared�by�human�resources�(HR)�and�security�per� sonnel�are�at�the�heart�of�insider�risk�management.��Employee�screening�and�selection�is� vital�to�preventing�candidates�with�known�behavioral�risk�factors�from�entering�the�organi� zation;�or,�if�they�do,�ensuring�that�these�risks�are�understood�and�monitored.��Clear�policy� guidelines,�addressing�both�permitted�and�prohibited�employee�behavior,�are�vital�to�risk� detection�and�monitoring.��Clear�requirements�for�ensuring�employees’�knowledge�of�these� guidelines�are�also�essential�to�their�success.��In�addition,�reports�of�policy�questions�and� violations�need�to�be�systematically�recorded�so�that�management,�HR,�and�security�per� sonnel�can�approach�case�decisions�with�complete�background�information.�� Analysis�of�these�reports�across�individuals�and�departments�can�supply�vital�knowledge�of� problem�areas�beyond�individual�cases.��Relationships�in�which�HR,�security,�and�manage� ment�personnel�collaborate�as�educators�and�consultants�are�vital�to�early�detection�and� effective�management�of�employees�posing�an�insider�risk.��The�need�for�clear�policies,� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 9� � complete�personnel�risk�data,�and�close�management�HR�security�collaboration�is�rarely� greater�than�when�handling�employee�termination�issues,�whether�voluntary�or�involuntary.� Screening(cid:2)and(cid:2)Hiring(cid:2)Practices(cid:2) Several�personnel�screening�and�hiring�practices�pose�a�risk�to�USCIS�systems�and�data.�� USCIS�does�not�have�a�consistent�procedure�for�deciding�whether�to�conduct�a�face�to�face� interview�prior�to�hiring�an�applicant�being�screened�for�government�employment.��There� was�an�impression�at�USCIS�headquarters�that�nearly�100%�of�those�employees�hired�by� managers�are�interviewed,�but�representatives�in�Burlington,�Vermont�told�us�otherwise.�� This�gap�between�perception�and�reality�(there�is�not�a�policy�stating�that�this�must�be�done)� is�a�concern.��USCIS�should�require�interviews�for�all�positions.��The�interviews�need�to�be� conducted�by�someone�involved�in�the�day�to�day�supervision�of�the�position�to�be�filled.� If�a�personal�issue�(e.g.,�substance�abuse,�relatively�large�financial�indebtedness)�arises�dur� ing�Personnel�Security’s�(PERSEC’s)�screening,�PERSEC�may�issue�a�letter�of�advisement�to� the�candidate�and�clear�that�person�for�hire.��PERSEC�is�hesitant�to�share�negative�informa� tion�about�applicants�with�USCIS�because�of�privacy�concerns.��Because�of�these�concerns,�a� manager�may�not�know�that�someone�is�coming�into�a�position�with�a�history�of�alcohol� and/or�drug�abuse,�financial�indebtedness,�etc.��The�privacy�wall�between�PERSEC�and�field� personnel�concerned�with�hiring�is�troubling.��It�is�difficult�for�PERSEC�representatives�to�in� dicate�their�concerns�about�potential�hires�if�they�have�risk�factors�that�do�not�cross�adjudi� cation�guidelines�for�disqualification.�� Foreign�Service�National�(FSN)�employees,�who�work�at�U.S.�embassies�and�consulates� abroad,�have�access�to�USCIS�critical�systems�and�data�in�some�cases.��In�order�to�be�hired� and�granted�access�to�any�of�those�systems,�FSNs�are�vetted�by�the�U.S.�Department�of� State.��Although�the�access�to�USCIS�systems�must�be�approved�by�the�chief�security�officer� (CSO)�and�chief�information�officer�(CIO)�for�DHS,�USCIS�has�very�little�visibility�into�the� screening�process�for�FSNs.�� Exit(cid:2)Procedures(cid:2) Exit�procedures�typically�detail�the�steps�that�must�be�taken�when�an�employee�retires,�re� signs�or�is�fired,�transferred,�or�put�on�a�leave�of�absence.��These�procedures�for�USCIS�have� been�recently�developed�and,�in�some�cases,�are�still�under�development.��USCIS�expects�to� release�more�formalized�procedures�in�the�next�3�months,�but�there�is�not�a�common�un� derstanding�of�the�proper�procedures.��It�appears�the�responsibility�for�ensuring�that�em� ployees�and�contractors�are�properly�terminated�rests�solely�with�the�manager�or�Contract� ing�Officer’s�Technical�Representative�(COTR).��It�also�appears�different�managers�follow� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 10� � different�procedures�to�ensure�that�access�is�disabled�and�equipment�is�returned�as�em� ployees�and�contractors�leave�USCIS.��This�gap�may�manifest�itself�in�the�inconsistent�collec� tion�of�badges,�laptops,�mobile�devices,�and�other�USCIS�equipment,�and�improper�disabling� or�termination�of�access.�� Physical(cid:2)Security(cid:2) Some�insiders�documented�in�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database�exploited�physical�se� curity�vulnerabilities.��Some�were�able�to�gain�access�to�organization�facilities�outside�of� normal�working�hours�to�steal�controlled�information�or�to�exact�revenge�on�the�organiza� tion�by�sabotaging�critical�operations.��Physical�security�can�provide�another�layer�of�defense� against�terminated�insiders�who�wish�to�regain�physical�access�to�attack.��Just�as�with�elec� tronic�security,�however,�former�employees�have�been�successful�in�working�around�their� organization’s�physical�security�measures.��It�is�important�for�organizations�to�manage� physical�security�for�full�time,�part�time,�and�temporary�employees,�contractors,�and�con� tract�laborers.�� USCIS�Physical�Security�has�made�significant�progress�protecting�USCIS�facilities�and�assets�in� the�NCR�since�January�2008,�when�it�stood�up�a�new�physical�security�program.��Although� physical�security�in�the�NCR�is�consistently�directed�and�enforced�by�Physical�Security,�each� field�office�sets�its�own�policies�and�access�controls.�� cerning�the�security�of�applicants’�physical�case�files�should�be�considered�as�part�of�a�USCIS� risk�management�strategy�by�USCIS.� ��Finally,�issues�con� Controlling(cid:2)and(cid:2)Monitoring(cid:2)Proper(cid:2)Access(cid:2)Authorization(cid:2) USCIS�handles�the�physical�security�and�access�authorization�of�facilities�differently�depend� ing�on�where�the�facility�is�located.��The�physical�security�of�NCR�facilities�is�handled�by�one� group�of�USCIS�personnel,�but�the�physical�security�of�field�offices�falls�under�the�Field�Secu� rity�Division�(FSD).��In�some�cases,�a�physical�security�representative�is�not�located�in�a�field� office�at�all.��When�this�is�the�case,�the�responsibility�falls�on�other�management�personnel� who�may�not�be�equipped�to�handle�these�issues�properly�and�report�them�in�a�timely�man� ner.�� In�10�cases�documented�in� CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 11� � � the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database,�the�insider�was�able�to�commit�a�crime�following� termination�because�of�failure�to�notify�security,�employees,�and�business�partners�of�the� termination.��To�control�access�to�USCIS�facilities,�it�is�important�for�USCIS�to�compare�cur� rent�employees�and�contractors�to�the�authorized�access�list�in�each�facility’s�access�control� system.��Disabling�physical�access�to�facilities�when�employees�and�contractors�terminate�is� essential�to�protecting�USCIS�employees�and�facilities.� Security(cid:2)of(cid:2)Physical(cid:2)Case(cid:2)Files(cid:2)(cid:2) At�the�Vermont�Service�Center,�the�assessment�team�observed�physical�case�files�of�benefit� applicants�stacked�in�crates�in�the�hallways.��Case�files�are�assumed�to�be�secure�once�they� are�contained�within�a�Service�Center,�but�they�could�be�physically�altered�or�stolen�by�any� one�with�physical�access�to�the�facility.��One�interviewee�stated�that�adjudicators�typically� have�50�to�100�files�scattered�around�their�offices�or�desks.��Some�are�tracked�and�some� may�not�be.��Adjudicators�conduct�interviews�with�applicants�in�their�offices�and�they�may� leave�applicants�unescorted�in�their�offices�with�the�case�files�when,�for�instance,�making� copies�or�attending�to�other�USCIS�business.��According�to�the�same�interviewee,�in�one�field� office,�naturalization�certificates,�passports,�and�credit�card�information�have�been�found�in� garbage�cans�in�the�hallway.��Thirteen�insiders�documented�in�the�CERT�database�stole� physical�property�belonging�to�their�organization.�� Business(cid:2)Processes(cid:2) A�variety�of�cases�from�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database�document�insider�attacks�in� which�gaps�in�business�processes�provided�a�pathway�for�attack.��Enforcing�separation�of� duties�and�the�principle�of�least�privilege�are�proven�methods�for�limiting�authorized�access� by�insiders.��Ideally,�organizations�should�include�separation�of�duties�in�the�design�of�key� business�processes�and�functions�and�enforce�them�via�technical�and�non�technical�means.�� Access�control�based�on�separation�of�duties�and�least�privilege,�in�both�the�physical�and� virtual�environment,�is�crucial�to�mitigating�the�risk�of�insider�attack.��These�concepts�alone� will�not�eliminate�the�threat�posed�by�insiders;�they�are,�however,�another�layer�in�the�de� fensive�posture�of�an�organization.� Because�of�the�sensitive�nature�of�the�USCIS�mission,�some�of�its�employees�and�contractors� have�been�targets�for�recruitment�for�theft�or�unauthorized�modification�of�USCIS�data.�� Twenty�nine�percent�of�the�insiders�documented�in�the�CERT�database�were�recruited�by� outsiders�to�commit�their�crimes.��Most�of�these�insiders�committed�their�crimes�for�finan� cial�gain.��Critical�USCIS�business�processes�should�include�technical�controls�to�enforce� separation�of�duties�and�dual�control�to�reduce�the�risk�of�insider�fraud.��In�addition,�poten� tial�vulnerabilities�surround�the�use�of�the�ICE�Password�Issuance�and�Control�System�(PICS)� for�authorization�for�critical�USCIS�systems.��Although�PICS�is�outside�the�control�of�USCIS,� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 12� � CERT�recommends�that�USCIS�explore�the�possibility�of�auditing�and�controlling�authoriza� tions�in�PICS�for�critical�USCIS�systems.��Finally,�account�management�issues�related�to�criti� cal�systems�should�be�considered.� Verification(cid:2)Information(cid:2)System(cid:2)(cid:2) The�Verification�Information�System�(VIS)�provides�immigrant�status�information�to�both� government�agencies�and�private�employers�in�order�to�verify�benefit�and�employment�eli� gibility.��Because�these�functions�require�granting�VIS�access�to�parties�external�to�USCIS,� USCIS�must�issue�accounts�and�require�that�those�accounts�be�used�properly.��Twenty�four� (6%)�of�the�insiders�documented�in�the�CERT�database�were�able�to�carry�out�their�crimes� because�insiders�shared�account�and�password�information,�often�to�make�their�jobs�easier� and�to�increase�productivity.�� Modifications�by�VIS�users�to�critical�data�are�logged,� � �� CLAIMS(cid:2)3(cid:3)LAN(cid:2) Currently,�all�denied�benefits�applications�are�reviewed�by�a�supervisor;�only�a�subset�of�ap� proved�applications�are�reviewed.��A�discrepancy�arose�during�interviews:�adjudicators�said� that�supervisors�stopped�looking�at�all�denials�because�they�are�too�busy.��Supervisors�also� receive�a�report�of�all�adjudication�decisions�entered�by�an�adjudicator�for�a�form�type�that� the�adjudicator�does�not�normally�approve.��When�adjudicators�are�in�training,�which�takes� place�for�at�least�6�months�on�a�specific�type�of�case,�they�are�under�100%�review.��A�quality� assurance�(QA)�process�is�also�in�place.��One�part�of�QA�involves�a�supervisor�pulling�10� cases�per�month�per�adjudicator�to�review.��The�supervisor�examines�adjudicative�decision,� security,�and�procedural�issues.��In�another�aspect�of�the�QA,�other�“sister”�USCIS�Service� Centers�review�a�random�selection�of�cases.��The�primary�purpose�of�QA�is�to�identify�the� need�for�remedial�training�rather�than�deliberate�fraud.��Auditing�every�denied�request�indi� cates�that�the�biggest�risk�to�USCIS�is�to�incorrectly�deny�a�benefit�to�an�applicant�rather� than�to�grant�a�benefit�to�someone�who�does�not�deserve�it.�� FDNS(cid:2)DS(cid:2) � � � � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 13� � �� Incident(cid:2)Response(cid:2) � Through�case�analysis,�CERT�has�noted�that�procedures�for�responding�to�potential�insider� incidents�present�unique�challenges;�an�incident�response�plan�for�insider�incidents�differs� from�a�response�plan�for�incidents�caused�by�an�external�attacker.��In�addition,�inadequate� detection�and�response�to�security�violations�could�embolden�the�insider,�making�the�or� ganization�even�more�vulnerable�to�an�insider�crime.��In�fact,�in�18�of�the�cases�documented� in�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database,�the�organization�experienced�repeat�insider�inci� dents�of�a�similar�nature.��Insider�incident�management�should�leverage�existing�security� policies�and�formal�procedures�for�handling�policy�violations.��Some�of�the�cases�from�the� CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database�illustrate�insider�attacks�in�which�an�organization’s�lack�of� incident�response�procedures�limited�its�ability�to�manage�its�response�effort,�sometimes� even�resulting�in�multiple�criminal�acts�by�the�same�insider.� Furthermore,�81�of�the�insiders�documented�in�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database�dis� played�concerning�behaviors�in�the�workplace�prior�to,�or�while�carrying�out,�their�criminal� activities�online.��Supervisors�and�employees�should�be�trained�to�recognize�and�respond�to� indicators�of�risk�for�violence,�sabotage,�fraud,�theft�and�other�malicious�insider�acts.��Even�if� it�is�not�possible�to�require�nonsupervisors�to�report�concerns,�this�training�may�increase�the� frequency�of�reporting�and�the�deterrence�of�insider�actions.� Incident(cid:2)Management(cid:2)(cid:2) USCIS�is�a�complex�organization�with�many�different�components�involved�in�detecting,� tracking,�investigating,�and�following�up�on�employee�misconduct.��Organizations�involved� include�the�Office�of�Investigations�within�the�OSI,�Labor�and�Employee�Relations�(LER),�HR,� Computer�Security�Incident�Response�Team�(CSIRT),�PERSEC,�Counterintelligence�(CI),� COTRs,�OIT,�DHS�OIG,�Physical�Security,�supervisors,�and�possibly�data�owners�and�ISSOs.�� Many�different�parties�explained�how�they�might�be�involved�in�one�aspect�of�an�incident,� but�no�single�department�coordinates�these�activities�or�conducts�a�holistic�risk�analysis�of� individuals�who�have�committed�violations.��This�complex�and�widely�distributed�business� process�has�resulted�in�a�situation�in�which�it�is�very�difficult�to�obtain�a�complete�picture�of� an�individual’s�insider�threat�risk�level.��Consequently,�any�effort�to�coordinate�a�proactive� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 14� � program�for�insider�threat�mitigation�would�have�to�cross�significant�bureaucratic�bounda� ries�within�these�myriad�departments�of�USCIS.�� Software(cid:2)Engineering(cid:2) � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� (cid:2)Code(cid:2)Reviews(cid:2) Some�USCIS�systems�adhere�to�a�formalized�process�of�software�engineering,�using�contrac� tors�with�a�specified�level�of�process�maturity�(i.e.,�capability�maturity�model�integration� � (CMMI)�level�3),� ��There�was�even�a�documented�case�in�which�source�code�contained�something�inap� propriate�and�was�only�discovered�only�after�the�code�was�turned�over�from�one�contractor� to�another.� � � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 15� � Insiders�inserted�malicious�code�into�an�operational�system�in�33�cases�documented�in�the� CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database,�and�into�source�code�in�10�cases.��These�types�of�crimes� can�have�serious�results,�enabling�insiders�to�conceal�their�actions�over�an�extended�period� of�time.��These�actions�have�been�used�to�create�mechanisms�for�committing�fraud�without� detection�and�to�set�up�future�IT�sabotage�attacks.�� Code�reviews�can�be�very�time�consuming,�but�most�malicious�insiders�insert�malicious�code� into�production�systems�once�they�are�stable�and�in�the�maintenance�phase,�when�changes� are�less�frequent�and�less�substantial.�� Information(cid:2)Technology(cid:2) Account(cid:2)Management(cid:2) Research�has�demonstrated�that�if�an�organization’s�computer�accounts�can�be�compro� mised,�insiders�have�an�opportunity�to�circumvent�manual�and�automated�control�mecha� nisms�intended�to�prevent�insider�attacks.��Effective�computer�account�and�password�man� agement�policies�and�practices�are�critical�to�impede�an�insider’s�ability�to�use�the� organization’s�systems�for�illicit�purposes.��In�a�variety�of�cases�documented�in�the�CERT�In� sider�Threat�Case�database,�insiders�exploited�password�vulnerabilities,�shared�accounts,� and�backdoor�accounts�to�carry�out�attacks.��It�is�important�for�organizations�to�limit�com� puter�accounts�to�those�that�are�absolutely�necessary,�using�strict�procedures�and�technical� controls�that�facilitate�attribution�of�all�online�activity�associated�with�each�account�to�an� individual�user.��Furthermore,�an�organization’s�account�and�password�management�policies� must�be�applied�consistently�across�the�enterprise�to�include�contractors,�subcontractors,� and�vendors�who�have�access�to�the�organization’s�information�systems�and/or�networks.� In�some�areas,�computer�accounts�are�managed�fairly�well�at�USCIS.��It�is�implementing� Homeland�Security�Presidential�Directive�12�(HSPD�12)�for�physical�and�electronic�account� management.��In�addition,�most�shared�accounts�are�controlled�and�all�actions�performed� using�those�accounts�can�be�attributed�to�a�single�user.��However,�some�account�manage� ment�lies�outside�the�control�of�USCIS.��This�presents�a�high�degree�of�risk.��First�of�all,�ac� counts�and�access�for�FSNs�should�be�considered�carefully�by�USCIS.��Although�FSNs�must� submit�paperwork�through�proper�channels,�which�requires�authorization�by�the�CSO�and� CIO�of�DHS,�such�paperwork�was�not�submitted�consistently�prior�to�2007.��As�a�result,�there� may�be�active�accounts�for�which�there�is�little�to�no�accounting�for�the�creation�of�the�ac� count.�� Although�account�naming�conventions�are�dictated�by� DHS�and�the�U.S.�Department�of�State,�USCIS�could�request�a�naming�convention�to�differ� entiate�between�FSN�and�U.S.�citizen�federal�employee�accounts.��In�addition,�USCIS�should� consistently�track�the�authorization�and�creation�of�all�USCIS�accounts.��To�determine�if�un� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 16� � authorized�or�legacy�accounts�exist,�USCIS�should�consider�conducting�an�account�audit�with� the�assistance�of�U.S.�Department�of�State�personnel�to�validate�all�existing�FSN�accounts.�� Second,�access�to�some�critical�USCIS�systems�is�controlled�by�the�Password�Issuance�and� Control�System�(PICS).��The�purpose�of�PICS�is�to�facilitate�the�administration�of�usernames� and�passwords�to�certain�ICE�and�USCIS�information�systems.��One�area�of�concern�regard� ing�PICS�is�that�it�is�administered�by�ICE,�and�there�are�more�than�2,000�Local�PICS�Officers� (LPOs)�across�various�components�of�DHS.��These�LPOs�use�PICS�to�grant�authorized�access� to�ICE�and�USCIS�systems�for�the�personnel�at�their�respective�site�or�agency,�such�as�local� sheriffs,�petitioners,�Customs�and�Border�Patrol�(CBP),�Department�of�Justice�(DOJ),�Trans� portation�Security�Administration�(TSA),�Terrorism�Task�Force,�and�DHS�OIG.��Each�LPO�can� grant�access�to�any�system�controlled�by�PICS.��In�other�words,�LPOs�throughout�USCIS�and� � ICE�can�grant�access�for�any�of�their�staff�to�any�USCIS�system.��Furthermore,� ��Given�the�distributed�nature�of�account�admini� stration,�it�is�very�difficult�for�USCIS�data�owners�and�OIT�staff�to�manage�authorization�of� user�accounts�to�USCIS�critical�systems.��Finally,�the�process�for�communicating�changes�in� employee�status�and�disabling�accounts�varies�widely�among�individual�field�offices,�Service� Centers,�and�offices�in�the�NCR.�� The�application�of�account�management�practices�under�the�control�of�USCIS�is�inconsistent.�� For�example,�disabling�or�terminating�accounts�for�employees�is�not�always�completed�in�a� timely�manner�upon�the�employee’s�change�in�status.��This�lack�of�consistency�is�made� worse�when�decentralized�LPOs�across�USCIS�do�not�follow�the�same�procedures.��In�other� cases,�employees�are�retaining�access�after�a�transfer�when�they�should�not,�which�requires� the�losing�and�gaining�supervisors�to�notify�proper�account�management�personnel.�� Access(cid:2)Control(cid:2) An�organization’s�lack�of�sufficient�access�control�mechanisms�was�a�common�theme�in� many�of�the�insider�threat�cases�examined�by�CERT.��Insiders�have�been�able�to�exploit�ex� cessive�privileges�to�gain�access�to�systems�and�information�they�otherwise�would�not�have� been�authorized�to�access.��Additionally,�insiders�have�been�known�to�use�remote�access� after�termination�to�attack�an�organization’s�internal�network.��Organizations�should�ensure� network�monitoring�and�logging�is�enabled�for�external�access.��Monitoring�of�network�activ� ity�is�extremely�important,�especially�in�the�period�between�employee�resignation�and�ter� mination.�� Given�the�distributed�nature�of�access�authorization�via�PICS,�ICE,�and�the�U.S.�Department� of�State,�non�USCIS�employees�and�contractors�could�be�granted�access�to�USCIS�critical�sys� tems.��It�is�possible�that�the�non�USCIS�employees�and�contractors,�particularly�those� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 17� � granted�access�through�the�U.S.�Department�of�State�for�access�from�embassies�overseas,� have�not�been�through�the�rigorous�pre�employment�screening�required�of�USCIS�employ� ees�and�contractors.��USCIS�should�consider�the�risk�these�insiders�pose�to�the�protection�of� the�critical�USCIS�data�and�systems,�and�implement�protection�mechanisms�to�limit�the� damage�that�these�insiders�might�cause.� Other�access�control�issues�that�should�be�considered�by�USCIS�include�unrestricted�access� to�some�critical�systems�by�OIT�staff,�lack�of�consistent�processes�for�managing�employee� access�as�they�move�from�one�department�to�the�next�within�USCIS,�ability�to�use�personal� computers�for�USCIS�work,�and�lack�of�monitoring�and�controls�for�some�critical�system�ad� ministration�functions.�� Protection(cid:2)of(cid:2)Controlled(cid:2)Information(cid:2) Protecting�controlled�information�(i.e.,�information�that�is�classified,�sensitive�but�unclassi� fied,�or�proprietary)�is�critical�to�mitigating�the�insider�threat�risk�to�organizations.��A�variety� of�insider�threat�cases�studied�by�CERT�revealed�circumstances�in�which�insiders�carried�out� an�attack�through�the�unauthorized�download�of�information�to�portable�media�or�external� storage�devices.��In�some�instances,�malicious�insiders�used�email�to�plan�their�attacks�or�to� communicate�sensitive�information�to�competitors�or�conspirators.��Organizations�must�en� sure�that�employees�understand�policies�regarding�what�constitutes�acceptable�use�of�com� pany�resources,�including�information�assets,�and�enforce�compliance�through�technical� means.��The�unauthorized�exfiltration�of�controlled�information�by�malicious�insiders�can� have�devastating�effects�on�an�organization.��Protecting�controlled�information�(i.e.,�infor� mation�that�is�classified,�sensitive�but�unclassified,�or�proprietary)�is�critical�to�mitigating�the� insider�threat�risk�to�organizations.�� USCIS�has�implemented�network�monitoring�strategies�that�would�detect�large�amounts�of� data�downloaded�or�an�anomalous�increase�in�network�traffic,�either�by�total�volume�or� type�of�traffic�(e.g.,�by�port�or�protocol).��Though�monitoring�network�traffic�may�help�pro� tect�controlled�information,� � �� CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 18� (cid:2) � � Logging(cid:2)/(cid:2)Auditing(cid:2)/(cid:2)Monitoring(cid:2) Insider�threat�research�conducted�by�CERT�has�shown�that�logging,�monitoring,�and�auditing� employee�online�actions�can�provide�an�organization�the�opportunity�to�discover�and�inves� tigate�suspicious�insider�activity�before�more�serious�consequences�ensue.��Organizations� should�leverage�automated�processes�and�tools�whenever�possible.��Moreover,�network� auditing�should�be�ongoing�and�conducted�randomly,�and�employees�should�be�aware�that� certain�activities�are�regularly�monitored.��This�employee�awareness�can�potentially�serve�as� a�deterrent�to�insider�threats.�� The�prevention�of�insider�attacks�is�the�first�line�of�defense.��Nonetheless,�effective�backup� and�recovery�processes�need�to�be�in�place�and�operationally�effective�so�that�if�a�compro� mise�occurs,�business�operations�can�be�sustained�with�minimal�interruption.��In�one�case� documented�in�the�CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database,�an�insider�was�able�to�magnify�the� impact�of�his�attack�by�accessing�and�destroying�backup�media.��Organizations�need�to�con� sider�the�importance�of�backup�and�recovery�processes�and�care�must�be�taken�that�back� ups�are�performed�regularly,�protected,�and�tested�to�ensure�business�continuity�in�the� event�of�damage�to�or�loss�of�centralized�data.�� Technical(cid:2)Security(cid:2)Vulnerabilities(cid:2) Proactively�addressing�known�security�vulnerabilities�should�be�a�priority�for�any�organiza� tion�seeking�to�mitigate�the�risk�of�insider�threats�as�well�as�external�threats.��Case�studies� have�shown�that�malicious�insiders,�following�termination,�will�sometimes�exploit�known� technical�security�vulnerabilities�that�they�know�have�not�been�patched�to�obtain�system� access�and�carry�out�an�attack.��Organizations�should�have�a�process�to�ensure�that�operat� ing�systems�and�other�software�have�been�hardened�or�patched�in�a�timely�manner�when� possible.��Failure�to�address�known�vulnerabilities�provides�an�insider�ample�opportunity� and�pathways�for�attack,�making�it�more�difficult�for�an�organization�to�protect�itself.� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 19� � There�is�a�primary�concern�in�this�area�at�USCIS.��USCIS�should�consider�the�frequency�with� which�it�scans�its�systems�for�technical�security�vulnerabilities.�� There�is�also�another�concern�in�this�area�at�USCIS.�� Configuration(cid:2)Management(cid:2) � Effective�configuration�management�helps�ensure�the�accuracy,�integrity,�and�documenta� tion�of�all�computer�and�network�system�configurations.��A�wide�variety�of�cases�in�the�CERT� Insider�Threat�Case�database�document�insiders�who�relied�heavily�on�the�misconfiguration� of�systems.��They�highlight�the�need�for�stronger,�more�effective�implementation�of�auto� mated�configuration�management�controls.��Organizations�should�also�consider�consistent� definition�and�enforcement�of�approved�configurations.��Changes�or�deviations�from�the� approved�configuration�baseline�should�be�logged�so�they�can�be�investigated�for�potential� malicious�intent.��Configuration�management�also�applies�to�software,�source�code,�and�ap� plication�files.��Organizations�that�do�not�enforce�configuration�management�across�the�en� terprise�are�opening�vulnerabilities�for�exploit�by�technical�insiders�with�sufficient�motiva� tion�and�a�lack�of�ethics.� The�OIT�has�a�configuration�management�policy�that�provides�baseline�software�configura� tions�for�USCIS�desktops�and�laptops.��The�OIT�scans�for�incorrect,�outdated,�or�un�patched� versions�of�software�on�the�approved�software�list.��The�OIT�keeps�track�of�different�base� lines�for�different�contracts.��Despite�tracking�and�a�rigorous�configuration�management�pol� � icy,� ��Rogue�software�or�malware�is�often�discovered�through�a�deliberate�manual� scan,�rather�than�through�an�automated�process.��To�make�this�task�more�difficult,�USCIS� employees�with�seniority�or�influence�have�been�able�to�use�local�administrator�privileges�to� install�software�for�the�sake�of�convenience.��Concerns�regarding�configuration�management� surround�the�difficulty�for�the�OIT�to�adequately�prevent,�detect,�and�respond�to�rogue� software�or�malware�using�its�current�procedures.��We�suggest�some�considerations�for�lev� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 20� � eraging�existing�deployments�and�modifying�incident�response�practices�to�increase�effec� tiveness.� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 21� � Recommendations� The�following�18�recommendations�present�actionable�steps�that�will�enable�USCIS�to�im� prove�its�posture�against�malicious�insider�threats.��These�high�level�strategies�should�be� planned�and�implemented�with�the�assistance�of�the�many�diverse�departments�within� USCIS.��Appendixes�contain�more�specific�recommendations�that�pertain�to�a�particular�de� partment�(e.g.,�OIT�and�HR).��The�appendixes�also�list�the�relevant�parties�to�assist�USCIS�in� reviewing�each�issue�more�granularly�and�to�decide�whether�USCIS�has�resources�to�imple� ment�a�particular�recommendation.� Recommendation(cid:2)#1:(cid:2)Institute(cid:2)an(cid:2)enterprise(cid:2)risk(cid:2)management(cid:2)plan(cid:2) USCIS�must�ensure�that�the�entire�organization�is�risk�aware�and�implement�a�formal�risk� management�process�to�address�risk�consistently�and�continually�across�the�enterprise.�� There�does�not�appear�to�be�a�consistent�understanding�of�the�broad�spectrum�of�risks�fac� ing�USCIS.��The�OIT�performs�risk�management�for�IT,�and�Financial�Management�performs� risk�management�for�financial�matters,�but�no�one�was�aware�of�any�enterprise�wide�efforts.�� In�addition,�each�field�office�and�service�center�appears�to�operate�fairly�independently.��It�is� important�for�those�organizations�to�work�together�to�identify,�prioritize,�and�address�risk.�� Ongoing�communication�between�all�components�of�USCIS�will�help�ensure�that�new� threats,�attack�vectors,�and�countermeasures�are�communicated�and�handled�effectively�by� all.�� Recommendation(cid:2)#2:(cid:2)Incorporate(cid:2)insider(cid:2)threat(cid:2)risk(cid:2)mitigation(cid:2) strategies(cid:2)into(cid:2)the(cid:2)Transformation(cid:2)effort(cid:2) Transformation�is�a�large�business�process�reengineering�effort�in�USCIS�primarily�focused� on�improved�customer�service,�workflow�automation,�fraud�detection,�and�national�security� issues.��Risk�management�is�within�the�scope�of�Transformation,�but�only�as�it�pertains�to� automated�risk�scoring�of�applicants�and�to�workflow�management�to�optimize�adjudicator� workload.��USCIS�should�incorporate�comprehensive�insider�threat�risk�mitigation�require� ments�into�the�Transformation�effort.�� Recommendation(cid:2)#3:(cid:2)Centralize(cid:2)records(cid:2)of(cid:2)misconduct(cid:2)and(cid:2)viola(cid:3) tions(cid:2)to(cid:2)better(cid:2)enable(cid:2)a(cid:2)coordinated(cid:2)response(cid:2)to(cid:2)insider(cid:2)threats(cid:2) USCIS�is�a�complex�organization�with�many�different�components�involved�in�detecting,� tracking,�investigating,�and�following�up�on�employee�misconduct.��This�complex�and�widely� distributed�business�process�has�resulted�in�a�situation�in�which�it�is�very�difficult�to�obtain�a� complete�picture�of�an�individual’s�insider�threat�risk�level.��USCIS�should�create�a�central� repository�of�employee�and�contractor�misconduct,�security�violations,�Significant�Incident� Reports�(SIRs),�and�other�suspicious�activity�reports�so�repeat�offenders�can�be�easily�identi� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 22� CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 23 � stores�physical�files�for�benefit�applicants�in�the�Vermont�Service�Center�with�no�physical� protection�beyond�the�exterior�building�and�guard�controls.��USCIS�should�evaluate�current� physical�access�procedures�to�determine�if�they�adequately�address�risk�and�if�they�are�en� forced�consistently�across�the�enterprise.� Recommendation(cid:2)#8:(cid:2)Consistently(cid:2)enforce(cid:2)exit(cid:2)procedures(cid:2) Exit�procedures�typically�detail�the�steps�that�must�be�taken�when�an�employee�retires,�re� signs�or�is�fired,�transferred,�or�put�on�a�leave�of�absence.��These�procedures�for�USCIS�have� been�recently�developed�and,�in�some�cases,�are�still�under�development.��USCIS�expects�to� release�more�formalized�procedures�in�the�next�3�months,�but�there�is�not�a�common�un� derstanding�of�the�proper�procedures.��It�appears�the�responsibility�for�ensuring�that�em� ployees�and�contractors�are�properly�terminated�rests�solely�with�the�manager�and�COTR.��It� also�appears�that�different�managers�follow�different�procedures�to�ensure�that�access�is� disabled�and�equipment�is�returned�as�employees�and�contractors�leave�USCIS.��This�gap� may�manifest�itself�in�the�inconsistent�collection�of�badges,�laptops,�mobile�devices,�and� other�USCIS�equipment,�and�improper�disabling�or�termination�of�access.��USCIS�should� adopt�an�enterprise�wide�exit�procedure�to�ensure�consistent�termination�of�all�employees� and�contractors.�� Recommendation(cid:2)#9:(cid:2)Examine(cid:2)HR(cid:2)screening(cid:2)procedures(cid:2)for(cid:2)high(cid:3)risk(cid:2) positions(cid:2)and(cid:2)FSNs(cid:2) Changes�should�be�made�to�the�USCIS�hiring�processes�for�select,�high�risk�positions.��For� example,�USCIS�should�consider�additional�screening�for�adjudicators.��USCIS�should�be� more�involved�in�deciding�who�is�granted�authorized�access�because�of�the�sensitive�nature� of�the�systems�and�data�that�USCIS�manages.�� Recommendation(cid:2)#10:(cid:2)Ensure(cid:2)that(cid:2)physical(cid:2)and(cid:2)computer(cid:2)access(cid:2)is(cid:2) terminated(cid:2)in(cid:2)a(cid:2)timely(cid:2)fashion(cid:2) USCIS�should�automate�the�revocation�of�employee�and�contractor�physical�access�when�a� termination�occurs.��The�termination�checklist�should�include�a�notification�to�Physical�Secu� rity�so�physical�access�can�be�disabled�in�a�timely�manner.��USCIS�should�also�review�account� management�procedures�to�ensure�that�the�steps�taken�to�remove�or�alter�account�access� are�complete,�understood�by�all�relevant�parties,�and�consistently�followed.� (cid:2) (cid:2) � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 24� � Recommendation(cid:2)#11:(cid:2)Enforce(cid:2)a(cid:2)requirement(cid:2)for(cid:2)individual(cid:2)accounts(cid:2) on(cid:2)critical(cid:2)systems(cid:2) In�some�cases,�USCIS�is�aware�of�account�sharing�taking�place�at�third�party�employers�who� use�USCIS�systems�to�verify�immigration�status.��To�consistently�identify�malicious�insider� activity,�all�actions�must�be�attributable�to�one�and�only�one�individual.��USCIS�should�con� sider�increasing�the�consequences�for�infractions,�and�possibly�implement�stronger�authen� tication�to�make�sharing�of�accounts�more�difficult.�� Recommendation(cid:2)#12:(cid:2) (cid:2) � � � (cid:2) Recommendation(cid:2)#13:(cid:2)Reduce(cid:2)the(cid:2)number(cid:2)of(cid:2)privileged(cid:2)accounts(cid:2)for(cid:2) critical(cid:2)data(cid:2)systems(cid:2) Some�data�systems,�including�FDNS�DS,�have�a�high�number�of�privileged�users.��Many�of� these�users�do�not�need�the�escalated�access�to�complete�their�job�responsibilities.��USCIS� should�audit�the�privileged�user�accounts�and�reduce�those�accounts�commensurate�with� job�responsibilities.� Recommendation(cid:2)#14:(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) � � � � Recommendation(cid:2)#15:(cid:2)Implement(cid:2)procedural(cid:2)and(cid:2)technical(cid:2)controls(cid:2) to(cid:2)prevent(cid:2)source(cid:2)code(cid:2)under(cid:2)development(cid:2)from(cid:2)being(cid:2)released(cid:2) without(cid:2)appropriate(cid:2)review(cid:2) USCIS�should�consider�implementing�procedural�and�technical�controls�to�enforce�separa� tion�of�duties�between�software�engineers�and�the�system�administrators�responsible�for� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 25� � releasing�changes�into�production�systems.��USCIS�should�consider�identifying�high�risk,� critical�software�modules�that�could�be�used�to�carry�out�illicit�activity.��In�addition,�formal� software�development�practices�should�be�followed,� � � Recommendation(cid:2)#16:(cid:2) (cid:2) �� Recommendation(cid:2)#17:(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) � � � Recommendation(cid:2)#18:(cid:2)Periodic(cid:2)security(cid:2)refresher(cid:2)training(cid:2)should(cid:2)be(cid:2) regularly(cid:2)conducted(cid:2)and(cid:2)required(cid:2)for(cid:2)all(cid:2)employees(cid:2) USCIS�should�reinforce�security�practices�and�procedures�for�all�employees,�especially�those� assigned�to�security�roles,�through�Information�Assurance�refresher�training.��Though�annual� refresher�training�is�mandated,�it�has�not�been�completed�in�a�timely�manner�for�all�roles.�� USCIS�should�ensure�that�this�training�is�adapted�to�specific�roles,�regularly�conducted�and� tracked,�and�consequences�imposed�for�those�who�have�not�completed�the�training.� (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 26� � Management(cid:2)Comments(cid:2)and(cid:2)OIG(cid:2)Analysis�� We�obtained�written�comments�on�a�draft�of�this�report�from�the�USCIS�Deputy�Director.�� We�have�included�a�copy�of�the�comments,�in�its�entirety,�in�appendix�I.�� USCIS�concurred�with�our�findings�and�recommendations�and�indicated�that�the�report�will� be�of�great�assistance�as�they�seek�to�further�strengthen�internal�controls�in�this�area.��In�the� written�comments,�USCIS�did�not�provide�information�on�how�it�intends�to�address�our�rec� ommendations.��Therefore,�we�consider�our�recommendations�unresolved�and�open�pend� ing�our�review�of�USCIS'�corrective�action�plans.� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 27� � Appendixes(cid:2) The�following�pages�contain�appendixes�A�through�G�that�contain�a�complete,�detailed�list�of� findings�from�the�assessment.�� The�appendixes�are�organized�into�the�following�sections:� � Appendix�A:�Organizational�� Appendix�B:�Human�Resources� � Appendix�C:�Physical�Security� � Appendix�D:�Business�Process� � Appendix�E:�Incident�Response� � Appendix�F:�Software�Engineering�� Appendix�G:�Information�Technology� � Appendix�H:�Acronyms� � Appendix�I:�Management�Comments�to�the�Draft�Report� � Appendix�J:�Contributors�to�this�Report�� Appendix�K:�Report�Distribution� Each�section�in�appendixes�A�–�G�contains�a�brief�introduction,�summary�of�the�findings�for� that�area,�and�a�table�listing�detailed�findings.��The�tables�are�structured�as�follows:� Area(cid:2)of(cid:2) Concern(cid:2) Responsible(cid:2) Policy(cid:2)and/or(cid:2)Secu(cid:3) Policy(cid:2)or(cid:2)Prac(cid:3) Personnel(cid:2) rity(cid:2)Measure(cid:2) tice(cid:2)Gaps(cid:2) Suggested(cid:2)Counter(cid:3) measures(cid:2) Each�row�represents�a�unique�area�of�concern.��Responsible(cid:2)Personnel�lists�the�groups� within�USCIS�that�would�be�responsible�for�implementing�suggested�countermeasures�for� that�area.��Policy(cid:2)and/or(cid:2)Security(cid:2)Measure�lists�information�related�to�that�area�of�concern� specific�to�USCIS�obtained�in�interviews.��If�that�column�was�intentionally�left�blank,�it�indi� cates�that�no�evidence�was�provided�for�the�existence�of�a�policy�and/or�security�measure.�� Policy(cid:2)or(cid:2)Practice(cid:2)Gaps�describes�gaps�identified�by�interviewees�or�gaps�noted�by�CERT� staff.��Finally,�Suggested(cid:2)Countermeasures�describes�countermeasures�that�USCIS�could�im� plement�to�address�a�particular�vulnerability.�� It�is�important�to�note�that�all�suggested�countermeasures�must�be�considered�in�the�con� text�of�a�broader�risk�analysis.��It�is�not�practical�for�most�organizations�to�implement�100%� protection�against�every�threat�to�every�organizational�resource.��Therefore,�it�is�important� to�adequately�protect�critical�information�and�other�resources�and�not�direct�significant�ef� fort�toward�protecting�relatively�unimportant�data�and�resources.��A�realistic�and�achievable� � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 28� � security�goal�is�to�protect�those�assets�deemed�critical�to�the�organization’s�mission�from� both�external�and�internal�threats.� Risk�is�the�combination�of�threat,�vulnerability,�and�mission�impact.��Some�countermeasures� in�this�report�are�intended�to�help�USCIS�recognize�and�understand�the�insider�threat.��Oth� ers�focus�on�closing�gaps�that�leave�USCIS�more�vulnerable�to�insider�attack.��Mission�impact� cannot�be�adequately�assessed�by�CERT�through�this�exercise�because�it�will�vary�depending� on�the�criticality�of�systems�and�information.� The�results�of�this�insider�threat�vulnerability�assessment�should�be�used�to�develop�or�re� fine�the�organization’s�overall�strategy�for�securing�its�networked�systems,�striking�the� proper�balance�between�countering�the�threat�and�accomplishing�the�organizational�mis� sion.� Many�of�the�findings�in�this�report�include�the�relative�frequency�of�the�issue�raised�in�the� CERT�Insider�Threat�Case�database.��At�the�time�this�report�was�written,�there�were�386� cases�of�malicious�insider�activity�against�which�the�suggested�countermeasure�percentage� is�calculated.��So,�if�a�particular�activity�was�seen�in�38�of�our�cases,�we�may�indicate�that�it� was�seen�in�10%�of�the�cases�in�the�Insider�Threat�Case�database.� � � � CERT | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | 29� � e h t � � i m o r f � s t i f e n e b p h s n e z i t i c � d n a n o i t a r g m m i � i � g n i k e e s � e s o h t � o t � e c i v r e s � r e m o t s u c � e d i v o r p o t � s i � � n o i s s i m � s t i � f o � t r a P � � . n o i t i s o p � t l u c i f f i d a n � � i � s i � S I C S U (cid:2) t n e m e v o r p m (cid:2) I (cid:2) s s e c o r P y t i r u c e S (cid:2) / (cid:2) n o i t a c i n u m m o C (cid:2) / (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M k s i R (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) l a n o i t a z i n a g r O (cid:2) : (cid:2) A x i d n e p p � A � � � c e t o r p g n i t n e m e p m l i � e m i t � e m a s � e h t � t a e � l i � h w e c i v r e s � r e m o t s u c � r o f � s e s s e c o r p � s s e n i s u b e z i � m � i t p o o t � g n g n e i l l a h c � s i � t i � , r e v e w o H � � . t n e m n r e v o G � . S . U � k a e l � � n o d e s u c o f — � � s r e n w o a t a d d n a � s O S S I � e h t � f o e m o s � n e v e — r e v e w o h � � , s e e w e i v r e t n i � e h t � f o e m o S � � � . k s i r � t a h t � r e t n u o c � o t � s l o r t n o c � l a n r e t n i � g n i t n e m � � � � o p x e y b d e s o p k s i r � e h t � d n a t s r e d n u o t � e m a c � � y e h t � , m a e t � t n e m � s s e s s a e h t � h t i w � r e t t a m e h t � o t n � i � g n i v l e d � r e t f A � � . n r e c n o c � y r a m i r p � r i e h t � s a � I I P � f o e g a � � o t n i � t s i r o r r e t � a g n w o i � l l � a n � l i � t l u s e r � d u o c � h c a e r b y t i r u c e s � a h c u s � e s u a c e b y l i r a m � � i r p � � � , S I C S U y b d e c a f � k s i r � t s e t a e r g e h t � s a a t a d � � � l a c i t i r c � f o e s u s i � m � � r o e r u s � . y r t n u o c � e h t � � k s i r � s s e r d d a o t � s s e c o r p � t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � l � � a m r o f � a g n i t n e m e p m l i � d n a � , e r a w a k s i r � s i � � � n o i t a z i n a g r o e r i t n e e h t � g n i r u s n e � s i � � S I C S U � r o f � e u s s i � l a c i t i r c � A � � � � i g n i c a f � s k s i r � f o m u r t c e p s � d a o r b e h t � f o g n d n a t s r e d n u � t n e t s i s n o c � a e b o t � r a e p p a � t o n � s e o d e r e h T � � � � � � . e s i r p r e t n e e h t � s s o r c a y l l � a u n i t n o c � d n a y l t n e t s i s n o c � � � d n a T I � r o f � t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � s � m r o f r e p T I O � � � � .

S I C S U � t a m a r g o r p � t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � e d w � e s i r p r e t n e o n � s i � i � � l e r e h t � d o t � s a w m a e t � t n e m � s s e s s a e h T � � � . S I C S U � h c a e � , n o i t i d d a n � � � i I � � . s t r o f f e e d w � e s i r p r e t n e y n a � f o e r a w a � s a w e n o o n � t u b � � � � , s r e t t a m � l a i c n a n i f � r o f � t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � s � m r o f r e p � t n e m e g a n a M � l a i c n a n F i � n u o c � d n a � , s r o t c e v � k c a t t a � , s t a e r h t � w e n � t a h t � e r u s n e p e h l � � l l i � w S I C S U � f o � s t n e n o p m o c � l l � � a n e e w t e b n o i t a c i n u m m o c � g n o g n O i � � . k s i r � s s e r d d a d n a � , e z i t i r o � � i r p � , y f i t n e d i � � o t � r e h t e g o t � k r o w o t � s n o i t a z i n a g r o e s o h t � r o f � t n a t r o p m � i � s i � t I � � . y l t n e d n e p e d n i � � y l r i a f � e t a r e p o o t � s r a e p p a � r e t n e c � e c i v r e s � d n a e c i f f o d e i f l � � � � . l l � � � � � l a y b y l e v i t c e f f e d e d n a h d n a d e t a c i n u m m o c � e r a � s e r u s a e m r e t l � y o p m e � s e k a m � s i h T � � . i s p h s n e z i t i c � . S . U — m o d g n i k d e t e v o c � t s o m � � � � � l � s ’ d l r o w e h t � f o e n o o t � s y e k e h t � d o h � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e S I C S U l � � , n o i t i d d a n � I � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e � s t i � f o e m o s � , l � n o i s s i � m S I C S U � � � f o e r u t a n e v i t i s n e s � e h t � f o e s u a c e B � � � . t n e m t i u r c e r � r o f � s t e g r a t � e v i t c a r t t a � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e l � e p m i � � d n a g n i y f i t n e d i � n i � � l p e h e r i s e d y e h T � � � � . s e t a t S d e t i n U e h t � n � i � y l l a g e � l � k r o w d n a e v i l � � o t � t s i r o r r e t � t x e n e h t � g n w o i � l l � a � s a k s i r � y r a m i r p � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o � e h t � d e i f i t n e d i � t n e m s s e s s a � s i h t � r o f � d e w e i v r e t n � l i � s e e y o p m e S I C S U y n a M � � � � � � � . s t i f e n e b y r e v e s o h t � g n i t n a r g y b d e s o p k s i r � e h t � r e t n u o c � o t � s e r u s a e m e v i t � � � 0 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � f o � s e c n e u q e s n o c � e h t � f o e r a w a e b d u o h s � s e e y o p m e l l � � � l l A � � . a t a d S I C S U � � � � f o n o i t a c i f i d o m d e z i r o h t u a n u � r o � t f e h t � r o f � t n e m t i u r c e r � r o f � s t e g r a t � n e e b e v a h � � � . d u a r f � t i m m o c � o t � e d a m � s n o i t a t i c i l o s � t r o p e r � o t � � � w o h n o d e t c u r t s n i � � � e b o s l a d u o h s � l y e h T i � � .

S I C S U � t s n a g a d u a r f � n � i � g n i t a p i c i t r a p � e t u t i t s n i � S I C S U � t a h t � t s e g g u s � e W � o n � s i � e r e h t � d e t a t s � l e n n o s r e p S I C S U � � S I C S U n h t i i � w � s n o i t a z i n a g r o � l a u d i v i d n I (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) (cid:2) k s i R e s i r p r e t n E � � t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � e s i r p r e t n e n a � � n o m m o c � a � t u o h t i W � � . m a r g o r p � e h t � , t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � r o f � n o i s i v � � s s e c o r p � t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � e s i r p r e t n e � l � r i e h t � o t � d e t a e r � t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � o d � � r e v o � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � g n i z y l a n a � r o f � � T I � , e c n a t s n i � r o F � � . i n a m o d � r a u c i t r a p l � � � . k s i r � l l a � T I � � n a m o r f � t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � s e o d � � � y l e v i t c e f f e o t � r e h t e g o t � k r o w d n a � � � � . k s i r � e t a g i t i m � � � t n e m n o r i v n e k s i r � e h t � d n a t s r e d n u � y l e v i t c e f f e � t o n n a c � S I C S U n h t i i � w � n a m k s i r � l � a i c n a n i f � s e o d � t n e m e g a � . t n e m e g a � s n o i t a z i n a g r o � l l � a d n a � s O S S I � n a M � l � i a i c n a n F e h t � d n a � , e v i t c e p s r e p (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:2) s O S S (cid:2) I (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M � e h t � e t a g i t i � m o t � r e h t e g o t � g n i k r o w � � e r a e r e h T � � . s k s i r � y t i r o i r p � t s e h g h i � d n u o r r u s � s w a l � d n a � s n o i t a u g e r l � � n a m k s i r � e s i r p r e t n e n a � , � i n a g A � e r u s n e � l l i � w m a r g o r p � t n e m e g a � s i � � S I C S U � s s o r c a e n o y r e v e � t a h t � s u c o f � t u b � , I I � P � f o n o i t c e t o r p g n � i � � y t i r u c e s � f o e s n e s � e s l a f � a o t � d a e � l � � r a k s i r � t n a t r o p m i � e r o m � r e h t o � f i � � � . n o i t n e t t a � s s e l � � n e v i g e r a � s a e � n a c � e u s s i � t a h t � n o y l i r a m � i r p g n � i � � s e t a t S d e t i n U e h t � n � i � n e i l a � l u f w a n U l � ) � 1 � y e h t � t a h w y l l � a c i f i c e p s � d e k s a e w n e h W � � � n � i � , f f a t s � S I C S U e m o s � , s w e i v r e t n i � n I � r o f � s t n e m u c o d p h s n e z i t i c � l i � a e r � f o n o i t � � n I � � . � l m e h t � e v a h � t o n d u o h s � o h w e p o e p l � � a e r c � s i � t i � � e e r g a o t � d e m e e s � e n o y r e v e � c n u f � e h t � d e z i r o g e t a c � r e t n e C e c i v r e S � � � t n o m r e V e h t � t a � s e e w e i v r e t n i � , t c a f � � � i k s i r � t s e h g h e h t � y b d e z i r e t c a r a h c � s n o i t � : s w o l l o f � s a � f o � s s o l � w e i v � o t � d e m e e s � , f f a t s � T I O d n a � � r e d i s n i � t n a t r o p m � i � t s o m e h t � s a � I I P � n o c � e h t � n i � � d e r e w s n a e r e w � s n o i t s e u q � t n e m s s e s s a e h t � f o � � l l A � � . k s i r � t a e r h t � � � . I I P � f o � s s o l � f o � t x e t � , k s i r � t a e r h t � r e d i s n � i i � t s e g g b e h t � s a e e s � � , s r e n w o a t a d � � , s O S S I � e m o s � g n d u l c i (cid:2) (cid:2) � t n a r g m m i i � n o n h t i � � w e n o e m o S � ) � 2 � � s u t a t s � t n a r g m m i � i � n o n d e t n a r g � , y c n e d i s e r � t n e n a m r e p d e t n a r g � s u t a t s � � � d n a e v i l � � n a c � e h s � r o e h � s n a e m h c i h w � � � s e t a t S d e t i n U e h t � n � i � y l e t i n i f e d n i � k r o w � 1 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � t a h t � s e t a r t s n o m e d n o i s i c e d � s i h T � � � r e S � t n o m r e V e h t � t a p h s r e d a e i � l � l a g e l l i � r o f � s t n e m u c o d p h s n e z i t i c i � � r u o � , r e v e w o H � � . k s i r � t a h t � e t a g i t i m � s a h � t n e m s s e s s a � t a e r h t � r e d i s n i � o t � s p e t s � g n i k a t � s i � d n a � s n e i l a � l a g e l � � g n i t a e r c � f o k s i r � t n a c i f i n � � � . t n a c i l p p a � t n a r g m m i � i � n o n g n i t n a r g ( � e v o b a � � t n e n a m r e p o t � s u t a t s � t n a r g m m i i � n o n � m o r f � e n o e m o s � g n i v o m d n a � s u t a t s � � � j � i d u d a S I C S U e n o � t a h t � o s � ) y c n e d i s e r � t n a c i l � � p p a n a e k a t � t o n n a c � e n o a � r o t a c l � t a h t � s e u s s i � r e h t o d e r e v o c n u � � i s e r � t n e n a m r e p o t � l � l u f w a n u m o r f � � g i s � e h t � s e z i n g o c e r � r e t n e C e c i v � � � e m a s � e h t � r o f � 2 # d n a 1 # � s n o i t c n u f � h t o b � � d e m r o f r e p o h w � j � r o t a c i d u d a n a d a h � � � � r o f � s e i t u d � f o n o i t a r a p e s � g n i t n e m e p l � � � 2 # d n a 1 # � s n o i t c n u f � g n m r o f r e p i � � t o n � s a h � r e t n e C e c i v r e S � t n o m r e V e h T � � m � i � s i � r e t n e C e c i v r e S � t n o m r e V e h T � � e t a g i t i � m o t � d e s s e r d d a e b d u o c l � � � � l o t � S I C S U e b a n e d u o w � s i s y l a n a l � � s e u s s i � i e h t � e n m a x e y l h g u o r o h t � � s e r u s a e m r e t n u o c � e z i t i r o i r p d n a � � k s i r � l a m r o f � a � , i n a g A � � . k s i r � t a h t � x e � r o F � � . s s e c o r p � l a m r o f � a g n i s u � � e h t � o t � e v i t a n r e t l a n a � , e p m a l � � m i � � l o t � e b d u o c � e v o m � l a c i s y h p � o t � m s i n a h c e m � � t i d u a n a � t n e m e p l � � � 2 # d n a 1 # � s n o i t c n u f � h t o b d e m r o f � � � � . t n a c i l � p p a e m a s � e h t � r o f � � � r e p o h w � s r o t a c i d u d a � r o f � k o o j l � � o g n o m o r f � t i f e n e b d u o w S I C S U l � � � k s i r � t u o b a � s n o i t a c i n u m m o c � g n i � r e s � e h t � n e e w t e b � s e u s s i � d e s a b � i g n n r e c n o c � s n o i t a c i n u m m o c � r e t n u o c � e v i t c e f f e � , s l m e b o r p � o t � s n o i t a c i f i d o m � , s e r u s a e m � , e c n a t s n i � r o F � � . s r e t n e c � e c i v � � � . t x e n e h t � o t � r e t n e c � e c i v r e s � e n o m o r f � � � s l o r t n o c � f o y c n e t s i s n o c � o n � s i � e r e h T � � y l r i a f � e t a r e p o h c a e y e h t � d o t � e r e w e W l � � � � � . y l t n e d n e p e d n i � 2 3 | E T U T T S N I I � a c o l � l a c i s y h p � t n e r e f f i d � t a d e m r o f r e p � � e b � l l i w � s n o i t c n u f � o w t � e s e h T � � . t n e d � . t r a p a � s e l i � m 9 2 � s n o i t � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) (cid:2) i (cid:2) p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) i e d W (cid:3) e s i r p r e t n E I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) n o i t a c i n u m m o C l � s e v i t a e r � r o f � n o i t i t e p n a c � o s l a d n a � � (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � e r u t s o p k s i r � d e v o r p m i � � n a o t � d a e l � � � . e s i r p r e t n e S I C S U e r i t n e e h t � r o f � � � � � l d u o c � k s i r � d e s a e r c n i � g n i r e t n u o c � r o f � s a e d i � r o � , s e s s e c o r p � s s e n i s u b (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � l � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U � � . s e k a t s i m � � � f o � s w o n k o h w n o s r e p e g n i s � a d n i f � t o n l � � � f o � s i s y l a n a � r o f � s s e c o r p � l a m r o f � a � � � . y t i v i t c a n a h c u s � � � � l e v e d e h t � d n a � s g n d n i f � s ’ I S O e h t i � � s k c e h c � d e t a m o t u a � f o � t n e m p o � n o c s i � l m e e y o p m e � f o � s e p m a x e y n a � M l � � � � . y l l � a n o i t a n d e t n e m e p m l i � m a e t � t n e m � s s e s s a e h t � o t � d e t i c � t c u d � � � � � r o d e t c e t e d n e e b e v a h y l i s a e d u o c l � � � � � n o c � d e t a m o t u a a i v d e t n e v e r p n e v e � � � � � . s l o r t � r o f � m s i n a h c e m o n � s i � � e r e h t � , n o i t i d d a n � � I � s u o i c i p s u s � g n i t c e t e d � r o f � m s i n � � e m a s � e h t � t c e t e d o t � s l o r t n o c � r o � s t p i r c s � t s e n o h � s a � l l e w � s a � s n o i t c a s n a r t � l d u o c � m a e t � e h T � � . e r u t u f � e h t � n i � t n e d i c n i � a h c e m � t n e l l � � e c x e n a e r a � s t p i r c s � d e t a m o t u A � � . e r u t a n � r a l i m i s � � d e t a m o t u a g n i t n e m e p m l i � e c n a t s n i � r o f � , s t n e d i c n i � o t � p u w o � l l o f � y n a � s i � e r e h t � f i � n i � s e s a c � e h t � f o � ) 1 9 ( % 5 2 y l r a e n n � � I � � p u g n w o i l l o f � r o f � s s e c o r p o n � s i � � e r e h T � e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � � l a i c e p S � f o e c i f f � � O e h t � r e t f a e s a c � a n o � � � � t s a p g n i z y l a n a � r o f � m u r o f � t n e l l e c x e n a � � s i � � e c r o F k s a T � s n o i t c i v n o C S I C S U e h T � � � l o t � e b a � s a w � r e d i s n i � e h t � , e s a b a t a d � i t s e v n i � n a � s e h s i n i f � ) I S O ( � n o i t a g i t s e v n I � i i g n n m r e t e d d n a � s e s a c � l � a n m i i r c � , s e s a c � e s e h t � f o 8 2 n � � i � ; s e s s e c o r p � l � a c i t i r c � f o g n i t i d u a e t a u q e d a n � i � � y l n o e h t � s i � � e c r o F k s a T � s n o i t c i v n o C e h � T � � e t a u q e d a n � i � f o e s u a c e b � s a w � t i � , g n i k c a r t � l a m r o f � r o f � d n u o f � e w � s s e c o r p l � � . s e s s e c o r p � r a u g e r r i � f o g n i t i d u a � � t n e m e v o r p m � i � s s e c o r p d n a � , s i s y l a n a � � a z i n a g r o e h t � , s e s a c � e h t � f o 9 2 n � � I � � s a e h T � � . s t n e d i c n i � l � a u t c a n o d e s a b � � a � f o � s t n e d i c n i � d e t a e p e r � d a h n o i t � � � s p u o r g � s u o i r a v d e k s a m a e t � t n e m � s s e s � u f � e h t � n i � s e m i r c � r a l i m i s � t n e v e r p o t � � . e r u t � � � � f o e s u a c e b e m � i r c � e h t � t u o y r r a c � � . n o i t a g � d e t u t i t s n i � � l e b d u o h s � t a h t � s e r u s a e m � � a � f o e d i s t u o � s e u s s i � g n i t a c i n u m m o c (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a u n i t n o C (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:2) s O S S (cid:2) I (cid:3) e v o r p m I (cid:2) s s e c o r P (cid:2) t n e m � 3 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) � � � . r e t n e c � e c i v r e s � n e v i g (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � n i � e h t � f o � t n e c r e p e n n � y t n e w T i � � d e w e i v r e t n l i � s e e y o p m e S I C S U e m o S � � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u H (cid:2) (cid:2) s e e y o p m E l (cid:2) (cid:2) S I C S U � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � s r e d i s � e c n a t s i s s a � r o f � t s e u q e r � a d e v i e c e r � e v a h � � � y b d e t i u r c e r � e r e w e s a b a t a d e s a C � � � r e g n a r t s � r o � , e v i t a e r � , l d n e i r f � a m o r f � � r i e h t � t i m m o c � o t � s r e d i s t u o � � e m o s � r o f � e s a c � a e t o m o r p o t � g n i k e e s � l � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U � � . s e m i r c � � S I C S U o t � d e d i v o r p g n n a r t � s s e n i i � � � e r a w a y t i r u c e s � e h t � g n i s a e r c n i � r o t a c i d u d a e n O j � � � . t n a c i l p p a � f o m r o f � � � e h o h w � s r e h t o � l l e t � t o n � s e o d e h d a s i � � � � e v i t c n i t s i d e h t � , r e v e w o H � � . r o f � s k r o w (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P � r o n � � i � s s e c o r p g n i r e h t a g � s t n e m � l l i w � s n r e c n o c � y t i r u c e s � n o i t a m r o f n i � d n a � s y s � l a n r e t x e � r e h t o � t s n a g a S M A L C I i � � e h T � � . s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e l � , � l d u o c � r a c � s i h n o � r e k c i t s � g n i k r a p n e e r g � � , s u o u n i t n o c � e b d u o h s � g n n a r t i i l � � , T V � , n o t g n i l r u B e k i l � � n w o t � l l a m s � a n � i � l � a i t n e t o p e h t � f o � s s e n e r a w a e s i a r � � l � s e e y o p m e S I C S U � t a h t � t e g r a t � l d u o h s � s e e y o p m e l � l l A � � . t n e s e r p � s e c n e u q e s n o c � e h t � f o e r a w a e b � � i � t s n a g a d u a r f � n � i � g n i t a p i c i t r a p � f o � t r o p e r � o t � w o h � s a � l l � e w � s a S I C S U � t i m m o c � o t � e d a m � s n o i t a t i c i l o s � . d u a r f � � l � t r o f f e e g n i s � a n o e c n a � � i l e r � s i h T � o t � d e d n e t n i � s n o i t r o p g n d u l c n i � i � � u s u n u e r o f e r e h t � e r a � l e n n o s r e p S I C S U � l � � . r e y o p m e � s i h � f o y t i t n e d � i � e h t � l a e v e r � � � t u o y b n o i t a t i c i l l o s � o t � e b a r e n u v � y l l l a � n i � d e n o i t n e m � � s a w n o i t a m r o f s n a r T � . s r e d i s � s i h t � f o � s s e n e v i t c e f f e e h t � s e k a m � � � . t n e m s s e s s a � s i h t � r o f � s w e i v r e t n i � t s o m � S I C S U n � � i � t r o f f e g n i r e e n g n e e r � s s e c o r p i � s s e n i s u b e g r a � l � a � s i � n o i t a m r o f s n a r T � � a m r o f s n a r T e h t � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s l � � � e s i r p r e t n e n a m o r f � t c e o r p n o i t j � � t n a t r o p m i � s i � t I � � . e v i t c e p s r e p e d w i � � e r i u q e r � l � a m r o f � a e s u o t � t i � r o f � � y n a m � t c e r r o c � o t � n o i t a m r o f s n a r T n o p u � � y c a g e l � m o r f � g n i t l u s e r � s l m e b o r p e h t � f o � � t n e m � s s e s s a e h t � , e p m a x e � r o F l � � . n o i t � � � c e t e d d u a r f � d n a e c i v r e s � r e m o t s u c � y t i r u c e s � l e n n o s r e p � l a n r e t n i � r e h t e h w � n i � � a t a d e t a d i l a v � y l l a c i t a m o t u a � l l i w � r a e l c n u � s i � t i � , r e v e w o H � � . s m e t s y s � n o i t a m r o f s n a r T � t a h t � d o t � s a w m a e t l � � S I C S U � � . t n a t r o p m i � y r e v � t r o f f e � � y l i v a e h g n i y l e r � s i � S I C S U � t a h t � s r a e p p a � t I � d e v o r p m i � � n o d e s u c o f � y l i r a m i r p � s i � t a h t (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:3) r a T (cid:2) l a i t n e t o P e r a (cid:2) (cid:3) t i u r c e R (cid:2) r o f (cid:2) s t e g (cid:2) t n e m (cid:2) n o i t a m r o f s n a r T � � h t o b e t a g i t i � m y l e v i t c e f f e o t � r e d � � . m a r g o r p � s i h t � n i � d e d u l c n i � e b � t a h t � d n a � , ) I B F d n a E C � � I � , . g . e ( � s m e t � � . s t a e r h t � l a n r e t x e d n a � � l a n r e t n i � � s l o r t n o c � d n a � s t n e m e r i u q e r � y t i r u c e s � 4 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � d e s o p k s i r � e h t � e c u d e r � o t � e c a p l � l � a n o i t a n � r o d u a r f � f o n o i t c e t e d d n a � � � . s r e d i s n i � s u o i c i l a m y b � � � � . s m e t s y s � S I C S U n � i � y t i r u c e s � 5 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � n i � e r a � s l o r t n o c � l a n r e t n i � e t a i r p o r p � n o i t n e v e r p � r o f � s t n e m e r i u q e r � y t i r u c e s � � p a e h t � t a h t � e r u s n e o t � , y t i r u c e s � � e h t � n i � d e r e d i s n o c � e r a � s r e d i s n i � t a h t � n o i t a m r o f n i � s a � l l e w � s a � , d e d u l c n i � r a e l c � t o n � s i � t i � , n o i t a t n e m u c o d � s t n e m � � . s r e n w o a t a d N A L 3 C � � � l e b d u o h s � y t i r u c e s � l e n n o s r e P � e r i u q e r � n o i t a m r o f s n a r T e h t � g n d a e R i � � t n e r r u c � y b d e i f i t n e d � i � n e e b e v a h � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) � � u t i t s n i � e r a � s e c i t c a r p d n a � s e i c i l � � o p y t i r u c e s � t a h t � e r u s n e o t � s e e y o p m e l � � l l � � � a o t � d e d i v o r p y l t n e t s i s n o c � e b g n n a r t � s s e n e r a w a y t i r u c e s � t a h t � l i i � a i t n e s s e � s i � t I � � � � l i i y b d e t i b h x e � r o i v a h e b g n n r e c n o c � e v r e s b o o t � e p o e p � t s r i f � e h t � e r a � s r o s i v r e p u s � d n a � s r e k r o w o c � , s e m i t � y n a M � � . � n o i t a z i n a g r o n a � t u o h g u o r h t � d e z i l a n o i t (cid:2) (cid:2) s s e n e r a w A d n a g n n a r T i i (cid:2) � � � T R E C e h t � n i � s r e d i s n i � n o s a e r � y r a m � i r p a � s a w � i � r o i v a h e b g n n r e c n o c � t r o p e r � o t � n o i t a z i n a g r o n a n � � i � s r e h t o � r o � s r e k r o w o c � � y b e r u l i a F � � . s r e d i s n i � s u o i c i l a m (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) l � . e b i s s o p � t n e t x e � t s e h g h e h t � o t � s t e s s a i � � l a c i t i r c � e h t � g n i t c e t o r p d n a S I C S U � � � � f o n o i s s i � i m e h t � g n i v e h c a � r o f � e b i s n o p s e r l � l e b � s e e y o p m e S I C S U � � l l a � t a h t � e v i t a r e p m i � s i � t I � � . a t a d d n a � , s � l m e t s y s � , e p o e p S I C S U � � � f o y t i r u c e s � f o e g a s s e m � � t n e t s i s n o c � a h t i � w � , e t i s � h c a e o t � d e � i l � p p a y l t n e t � l � s i s n o c � e b d u o h s � g n n a r t � s i h T i i � l � � . e b o g e h t � s s o r c a � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e l � l l � � i i a o t � g n n a r t � s s e n e r a w a y t i r u c e s � e d i v o r p o t � e u n i t n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � � � � . s k c a t t a � r i e h t � t u o y r r a c � r o p u � t e s � o t � e b a e r e w e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n l � � � I � i i g n n a r t � r e p o r p e v a h � t s u m � � s O S S I � n i � d e s r e v � l l e w � � t o n e r a � s O S S I � y n a M � u c e s � n o i t a m r o f n i � i g n g n a h c � r e v e � i p y t � e r a � s O S S I � t u b � � , s s e c o r p n o i t a c u d e � e h t � h t i � � w p u p e e k o t � r e d r o n � � i � n a n � i � y l t n e r r u c � e r a � s O S S I � � . y t i r u c e s � � h g u o r h t � s s e c o r p g n n a r t � a � s a h S I C S U i i � � y t i r u c e s � s m e t s y s � n o i t a m r o f n i � n a � v a e h � s e i l e r � S I C S U � � � . ) M S S I ( � r e g a n a m � o t � e b a l l i a v a � s l o o t � d n a � s e g o o n l i � � � l e b a e b o t � d n a � t n e m n o r i v n e y t i r � � h c e t � d a i r y m e h t � h t i � w � l a e d o t � � � � . s g o d h c t a w y t i r u c e s � t o n y l l � a c � � � e d a e d i v o r p o t � s r o t c a r t n o c � n o y l i � � � � . f f a t s � d e n a r t � i y l e t a u q � i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) s l l i k S (cid:2) r o g n n a r T i i (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) e s o h T (cid:2) f o d e r i u q e R (cid:2) (cid:3) u c e S d e t n o p p A n i (cid:2) i (cid:2) l s e o R y t i r (cid:2) � O S S I � r o f � d e t a c o l l � � a e b d u o h s l � � t e g d u b e t a i r p o r p p A � � . m e h t � e e f A c M i i � , . g . e ( � g n n a r t � c i f i c e p s � � r o d n e v g n d u l c n i i i � , g n n a r t i � c i f i c e p s � y r t s u d n i � d n a � ) o c s i C d n a � � � . ) S N A S � , . g . e ( � g n n a r t i i � 6 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � i � s n g e b � t p e c n o c � s i h T � � . s r o i v a h e b d n a � s e u s s i � � � � i l e e y o p m e g n g a n a m y l e v i t c a o r p n o � s u c o f � d u o h s � t a e r h t � r e d i s n l � i � g n i c u d e r � o t � h c a o r p p a � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o n A � l � s u s � t a h t � d e a e v e r � e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n � I � T R E C e h t � � m o r f � s e s a c � e m o S l � � . s e e y o p m e � t n e r r u c � � y b n r e c n o c � f o � s r o i v a h e b o t � d n o p s e r � d n a � r o t i n o m � � i o t � s r o s i v r e p u s � n a r t � o s l a d u o h s � s n o i t a z i n a g r O l � � � . s e t a d d n a c � l i � a i t n e t o p n e e r c s � o t � s n o i t a g i t s e v n i � � d n u o r g k c a b d n a � s e s s e c o r p g n i r i h e v i t c e f f e h t i � � � w (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u H (cid:2) (cid:2) : (cid:2) B x i d n e p p � A (cid:2) s e u s s I (cid:2) e e y o p m E l � � i g n n e e r c s � e e y o p m E l � � . t n e m e g a n a m k s i r � r e d i s n � � i � f o � t r a e h e h t � t a e r a � � l � � � � e n n o s r e p y t i r u c e s � d n a R H y b d e r a h s � s n o i t c n u f � o t � d e t a e r � s e u s s i � l l a n o i t a z i n a g r O � � � . � d e s s e r d d a e r a � s n o i t a o i v l � y c i l � � o p e c r u o s e r � n a m u h � t a h t � g n i r u s n e d n a � s e u s s i � t n e m y o p m e e v i t a g e n g n l � � i l d n a h � t a h t � g n i r u s n e � , � � o d y e h t � f i � , r o � ; n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � g n i r e t n e m o r f � s r o t c a f � k s i r � l � a r o i v a h e b n w o n k h t i � � i w � s e t a d d n a c � g n i t n e v e r p o t � l � a t i v � s i � l n o i t c e e s � d n a � k s i r � o t � l � l a t i v � e r a � r o i v a h e b e e y o p m e d e t i b h o r p d n a d e t t i i � � � � � m r e p h t o b g n i s s e r d d a � s e n i l i e d u g y c i l � o p � r a e C l � � . � � d e r o t i n o m d n a d o o t s r e d n u e r a � s k s i r � e s e h t � i � s p h s n o i t a e R l � � . s e s a c � l a u d i v i d n i � � l d n o y e b � s a e r a m e b o r p � f o e g d e w o n k � l l � a t i v � y l p p u s � n a c � s t n e m � t r a p e d d n a � s l a u d i v i d n i � s s o r c a � s t r o p e r � e s e h t � f o � s i s y l a n A � � � . n o i t a m r o f n i � � d n u o r g k c a b e t e p m o c � h t i l � w � s n o i s i c e d e s a c � h c a o r p � � p a n a c � l � e n n o s r e p y t i r u c e s � d n a � , R H � , t n e m e g a n a m � t a h t � o s � d e d r o c e r � y l l � a c i t a m e t s y s � e b o t � d e e n � s n o i t a o i v � d n a � s n o i t s e u q y c i l l � o p � f o � s t r o p e r � , n o i t � o b a l l o c � y t i r u c e s � R H � t n e m e g a n a m e s o l c � d n a � , a t a d k s i r � l � � � e n n o s r e p e t e p m o c � , s e i c i l l o p � r a e l c � r o f � d e e n e h T � � � . k s i r � r e d i s n i � � n a g n i s o p � s e e y o p m e � f o � t n e m l � . y r a t n u o v n l � i � r o y r a t n u o v l � r e h t e h w � , s e u s s i � i n o i t a n m r e t � e e y o p m e g n l � i l � � d n a h n e h w n a h t � r e t a e r g y l e r a r � s i � � n o i t a r � � � e g a n a m e v i t c e f f e d n a n o i t c e t e d y l r a e o t � l � � � � a t i v e r a � s t n a t l u s n o c � d n a � s r o t a c u d e � s a e t a r o b a � l l o c � l e n n o s r e p � t n e m e g a n a m d n a � , y t i r u c e s � , � � R H h c i h w n � i � i d d a n � I � � . s s e c c u s � r i e h t � o t � l a i t n e s s e e r a � s e n � i l � � � l l i e d u g e s e h t � f o e g d e w o n k � ’ s e e y o p m e g n i r u s n e � r o f � s t n e m e r i u q e r � r a e l c � d n a � , g n i r o t i n o m d n a n o i t c e t e d � � � � t n a r g o t � r o i r p � ) � N S F ( � s l a n o i t a N e c i v r e S n g e r o F g n i t t e v n i � � � i � d e v l o v n i � � i e r o m g n m o c e b � r e d i s n o c � o s l a d u o h s � S I C S U l � � j � � . s r o t a c i d u d a � s a h c u s � , s n o i t i s o p k s i r � i � h g h � r o f � g n n e e r c s � l i a n o i t i d d a � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l l � , e p m a x e � r o F � � � i � � . s e s s e c o r p n o i t a n m r e t � d n a g n i r i h S I C S U e h t � o t � s t n e m e c n a h n e � s t s e g g u s � T R E C � � r o f � d o h t e m � l � a n o i s s e f o r p d n a d e z i n a g r o � l l � � e w a h s i l � � l b a t s e d u o h s � s n o i t a z i n a g r O � � . � n o p u d e t c a � t o n � t u b e c a p k r o w e h t � n l � � i � � d e c i t o n � s a w y t i v i t c a � s u o i c i p � 7 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � � � i s s o p d a h e s a b a t a d T R E C e h t � n � � i � i g n n e e r c s � l l a c i g o o h c y s p � f o m r o f � y n a � � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o � ) 8 1 ( � t n e c r e p e v i F � � s k c a � i l � s s e c o r p g n n e e r c s � e e y o p m e e h T l � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � � d e g n a h c � e r a � s g n i t a r � e t a d d n a c i � � � e r o m d e r i h � t e g o t � e n o e m o s � e b a n e l � S I C S U � � . s e u s s i � l l a c i g o o h c y s p e b l � � � d a g n d u l c n i i � , s n o i t i s o p � f o e g n a r � a � r o f � � e h t � f o � t r a p � s a g n i t s e t � l � a c i g o o h c l l � i s o p � t c e e s � r o f � s s e c o r p e r i h w e n � � j � � . s r o t a c i d u d a g n d u l c n i � i � , s n o i t � � y s p g n d u l c n i i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s l � � � � . s r o t a c i d u j � s e r p � l a i c o s � t n a c i f i n g i s � e h t � n e v i G � n e e r c s � f o � t c e p s a � s i h t � e v o r p m i � o t � � . g n i l � e p m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � t n a t r o p m i � s m e e s � t i � , k s i r � r e d i s n i � e h t � d n a � s r o t a c i d u d a n o � s e r u s j � � r o f � g n i r o t i n o m � � f o k c a l � e v i t a e r l � t a h t � g o � � l � t i d u a o n y l t n e r r u c � s i � e r e h T � � � y b g n i t a r � a d e n g i s s a e r a � s t n a c i l � p p A � e h t � k c a r t � o t � g o � l � t i d u a n a g n i t n e m � � h c i h w n � i � s e c n a t s n i � e r u t p a c � d u o w l � i l � p p a k n a r � o t � d e s u � s i � g n i t a r � e h t � ; R H � n e h w � l � t r e a d n a � s g n i t a r � e t a d d n a c i � � o t � g n i t a r � a d e g n a h c � R H n � i � e n o e m o s � � � . s t n a c � . R H n � i � e n o e m o s � y b � � . y l i s a e � 8 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u H (cid:2) (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) l (cid:2) t n e m y o p m E (cid:3) e r P i (cid:2) g n n e e r c S (cid:2) � � � i � s i s n o c � e r u s n e o t � e r u d e c o r p � t i x e e d w � e s i r p r e t n e n a g n i t p o d a � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � � , y l l a n F i � � . a t a d d n a � s � m e t s y s � l � a c i t i r c � S I C S U o t � s s e c c a m e h t � g n � i � � . s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e l � l l � a � f o n o i t a n m r e t � t n e t i � � � � � � � . s e g a n a m S I C S U � t a h t � a t a d d n a � � . n o i t a c i f i l a u q s i d � r o f � s e n i l i e d u g n o i t � � � � t n a t i s e h � s i � C R E S R E P � � . e r i h � r o f � n o s r e p � � t u o b a n o i t a m r o f n i � e v i t a g e n e r a h s � o t � � � e s e h t � f o e s u a c e B � � . s n r e c n o c � y c a v i r p � w o n k � t o n y a m � � � r e g a n a m a � , s n r e c n o c � � f o e s u a c e b S I C S U h t i � � w � s t n a c i l p p a � � e h t � f o e s u a c e b � s s e c c a d e z i r o h t � � s � m e t s y s � e h t � f o e r u t a n e v i t i s n e s � � � e v a h o h w � s e r i h � l a i t n e t o p � t u o b a � s n r e c � e s i v d a � f o � r e t t e l � � a e u s s i � y a m C E S R E P � j � a c i d u d a � s s o r c � t o n o d � t a h t � s r o t c a f � k s i r � � � t a h t � r a e l c � d n a e t a d d n a c � e h t � o t � t n e m i (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � l a n o i t i d d a � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l j � � . s r o t a c i d u d a � r o f � g n n e e r c s i � d e v l o v n i � � � l e r o m e b d u o h s � S I C S U � � u a d e t n a r g � s i � � o h w g n d i c e d n i � i � n o c � r i e h t � e t a c i d n i � o t � s e v i t a t n e s e r p e r i � , g n n e e r c s � ) s ’ C E S R E P ( � s ’ y t i r u c e S � � d n a C E S R E P n e e w t e b � � l l � a w y c a v i r p e h T � � e c n a t s b u s � , . g . e ( � e u s s i � l a n o s r e p a � f I � (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � g n i r i h h t i � � w d e n r e c n o c � l e n n o s r e p d e i f l � � n i � l a i c n a n i f � e g r a l l � y l e v i t a e r � , e s u b a � C E S R E P � r o f � t l u c i f f i d � s i � t I � � . g n i l b u o r t � s i � l � e n n o s r e P g n i r u d � s e s i r a � ) s s e n d e t b e d (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) � . d e l l i f � � l o p a � t o n � s i � e r e h t ( � n o i t p e c r e p n e e w � t � d n a � ) e n o d e b � t s u m � � s i h t � g n i t a t s � y c i � . n r e c n o c � f o � s i � y t i l a e r � � � e b o t � n o i t i s o p e h t � f o n o i s i v r e p u s � � � e b p a g � s i h T � � . e s i w r e h t o � s u d o t � t n o m l � � s w e i v r e t n i � l e r i u q e r � d u o h s � S I C S U � s w e i v r e t n i � e h T � � . s n o i t i s o p � l l a � r o f � � e m o s � y b d e t c u d n o c � e b o t � d e e n � � y a d � o t � y a d e h t � n � i � d e v l o v n i � e n o � r e V � , n o t g n i l r u B n � i � s e v i t a t n e s e r p e r � r a u q d a e h � t a n o i s s e r p m � i � n a � s a w e r e h T � � � � d e r i h e s o h t � f o % 0 0 1 y l r a e n � t a h t � s r e t � � t u b � , d e w e i v r e t n i � e r a � s r e g a n a m y b � i � r e h t e h w � s e n m r e t e d e c i f f o d e i f � h c a E l � � � o t � e c a f � t n a c i l � p p a n a � t e e m o t � t o n � r o � � � � . c t e � � � � . g n i r i h e r o f e b e c a f � (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U � r o / d n a � l � o h o c l a � f o y r o t s i h a h t i � � � w n o i t � , s s e n d e t b e d n i � l a i c n a n i f � , e s u b a g u r d � � � i s o p a o t n � i � i g n m o c � s i � e n o e m o s � t a h t � n i � s e c n a t s n i � � n w o n k n e e b e v a h e r e h T � � � d e n e e r c s � y l n o e r e w � s t n a c i l � � p p a h c i h w � 9 3 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) � (cid:2) � � l d e i f � l l � a � t a d e w o l l � o f � t o n e r a � s e r u d e c � � o r p g n i t a r e p o d r a d n a t S � � � . � d e r i h g n e b i � � � e r o f e b e n o h p e h t � r e v o � r o � r e p a p n o � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � i g n m o c e b � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � t n e m t r a p e D � � . S .

U e h t � n o � s e i l e r � S I C S U � . s e c i f f o � � s N S F � f o g n i t t e v n � i � d e v l o v n i � e r o m � m e � l � i a n o i t a n n g e r o f � t e v � o t � e t a t S � f o � � o t � s s e c c a m e h t � g n i t n a r g o t � r o i r p � � � r o � s e i s s a b m e � t a k r o w o h w � s e e y o p l � � s N S F � t n e r r u c � t i d u a d u o h s � S I C S U l � � , n o i t i d d a n � I � � . s m e t s y s � S I C S U � . d a o r b a � s e t a u s n o c l � s m e t s y s � S I C S U o t � s s e c c a h t i � � w � � d e t n a r g e r a � , s e c n a t s n i � e m o s � n i � , s N S F � d n a � s e e y o p m e l � l a r e d e f � s t e v � C E S R E P � � k c a b m u m n m a h t i i i � � w ( � s r o t c a r t n o c � . ) n o i t a g i t s e v n i � d n u o r g (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U � e t a i r p o r p p a � t a h t � e r u s n e d n a � � . � d e m r o f r e p � s a w g n i t t e v � l � e p m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � s y s � S H D o t � s s e c c a d e e n � s N S F � f I � � . s � m e t � s y s � n o i t a m r o f n i � � S I C S U n o � s t n u o c c a � s i h t � , y l t n e r r u c � ) S I C S U g n d u l c n i ( � s i � m e t � O S C e h t � � � y b d e v o r p p a e b � t s u m � � s s e c c a � � s a w e c i t c a r p � s i h T � � . S H D � r o f � � I O C d n a � n i � y l t n e t s i s n o c � d e w o l l o f � s y a w a � t o n l � � � o h w � s N S F e b y a m e r e h t � o s � , t s a p e h t � � � e h t � l l a � t u o h t i � w � s s e c c a d e t n a r g e r e w � � � � . s l a v o r p p a d n a g n i t t e v � t n e r r u c � � � � o r p d r a d n a t s � a e v a h � t o n � s e o d S I C S U � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u H (cid:2) (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:3) i f i t r e C e t a d d n a C i � s r e d i s n i � w e f � A � � . s e t a d d n a c � l l i a � f o � s n o i t a c i f i t r e c � y f i r e v o t � s s e c o r p � � . s t n a c i l p p a b o � j � f o � e r i h � w e n e h t � n � i � � p e t s � a g n i t n e m � s n o i t a c i f i t r e c � e h t � g n i y f i r e v � r o f � e r u d e c (cid:2) n o i t a c i f i r e V n o i t a c (cid:2) � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � � � l e b a e r e w e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � � 0 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � t s o p y r o t a d n a m g n i t n e m e p m l � i � e c n a t s b u s � d e t i b h x e e s a b a t a d i � � � t s e t � g u r d e r i u q e r � t o n o d � s n o i t i s o p � r o t � l � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U � � . e s u b a � � � . g n i l � y o p m e � l l a � r o f � g n i t s e t � g u r d e r i h � � . s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e � 1 4 | E T U T T S N I I (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � i t r e c � d e i f i s l a f � g n d i v o r p y b � s n o i t i � � g n i t p o d a � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � . s n o i t a c i f � i � e c o r p � t i x e e d w � e s i r p r e t n e n a � � a z i n a g r o n � i � s n o i t i s o p n a t b o o t i � � � i m r e t � t n e t s i s n o c � e r u s n e o t � e r u d � � e h t � h t i � l w y l e o s � s t s e r � d e t a n m r e t i � � r e f f i d � s r a e p p a o s l a � t I � � . r e g a n a m � e r a � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e l � n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e l � l l � a � f o n o i t a n � t a h t � g n i r u s n e � r o f � y t i l i b i s n o p s e r � e h t � s r a e p p a � t I � � . s r o t c a r t � . t n e m p u q e i � t n e r e f f i d w o � l l o f � s r e g a n a m � t n e � i � t n e m p u q e d n a d e b a s i d � s i � s s e c l � � l d n a � s e e y o p m e � s a d e n r u t e r � s i � � c a � t a h t � e r u s n e o t � s e r u d e c o r p � � . S I C S U e v a e � l � s r o t c a r t n o c � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � n e e t f i F � � k s a T � s n o i t c i v n o C S I C S U a o t � g n d r o c c A i � � � n i � � l d e s a e e r � e b o t � d e t c e p x e e r a � s e r u d � � j o t � t c e b u s � e r a � s n o i t i s o p � l a r e d e f � l l A � . ) s h t n o m 3 � � e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � � c a r t n o c � , l l a c � e s a c � n o i t a g i t s e v n i � e c r o F � � . s e r i h w e n � r o f � y l n o � t u b � , g n i t s e t � g u r d � p a l � , s e g d a b � f o n o i t c e � l l o c � t n e t s i s n o c n i � � S I C S U � r e h t o d n a � , s e c i v e d e � l i b o m � , s p o t � r e d n u � l l i t s � , s e s a c � e m o s � n i � , � d n a d e p o � e c o r p � t i x e � l a m r o f � , . e . i ( � t n e m p o e v e d l (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u H (cid:2) (cid:3) i m r e T (cid:2) r o t c a r t n o C (cid:2) n o i t a n (cid:3) a d n a M (cid:2) r o t c a r t n o C (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a e e y o p m E l (cid:2) g n i t s e T g u r D y r o t (cid:2) (cid:2) � e h t � n i � f l e s t i � t s e f i n a m y a m p a g � s i h T � � � � l e v e d y l t n e c e r � e r a � s e r u d e c o r p � t i x E (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a e e y o p m E l I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � o t � s s e c c a � l � i a c i s y h p n a g e r � o t � h s i w o h w � s r e d i s n � i � i i d e t a n m r e t � t s n a g a e s n e f e d � f o � r e y a � � l � r e h t o n a e d i v o r p o s l a n a c � � � y t i r u c e s � l a c i s y h P � � . s n o i t a r e p o � l a c i t i r c � u c e s � l a c i s y h p � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o � r i e h t � d n u o r a g n i k r o w n � � i � l � u f s s e c c u s � n e e b e v a h � s e e y o p m e � r e m r o f � , r e v e w o h l � , y t i r u c e s � c i n o r t c e e h t i l � w � s a � t s u J � � . k c a t t a � l d n a � , s r o t c a r t n o c � , s e e y o p m e y r a r o p m e t � d n a � , e m � i t � t r a p � , e m i t � l l u f � r o f � y t i r u c e s � l � � a c i s y h p e g a n a m o t � s n o i t a z i n a g r o � r o f � t n a t r o p m i � s i � t I � � . s e r u s a e m y t i r � � � � . s r e r o b a l � t c a r t n o c � l � � � a c i s y h P y b d e c r o f n e d n a d e t c e r i d y l t n e t s i s n o c � s i � � � � R C N e h t � n i � y t i r u c e s � l � a c i s y h p h g u o h t l A � � . � m a r g o r p y t i r u c e s � l � � a c i s y h p w e n a p u d o o t s � t i � � � n e h w � , 8 0 0 2 � l � a c i s y h p g n o g n o n i � i � d e t l u s e r � e v a h � s e r u d e c o r p n o i t a n m r e t � n i � i � s p a g � , n o i t i d d a n � I � � . s l o r t n o c � s s e c c a d n a � s e i c i l � � o p n w o � s t i � s t e s � e c i f f o d e i f � h c a e � , y t i r u c e S l � � e g a n a m k s i r � � � � S I C S U a � f o � t r a p � s a d e r e d i s n o c � e b d u o h s � s e l � l i f � e s a c � l � a c i s y h p � f o y t i r u c e s � e h t � g n n r e c n o c � s e u s s i � , y l l i a n F i � � . i n o i t a n m r e t � g n w o i l l o f � s s e c c a � y r a u n a J � e c n i s � ) R C N i ( � n o g e r � l a t i p a c � l a n o i t a n e h t � n � � � i � s t e s s a d n a � s e i t i l i c a f � S I C S U g n i t c e t o r p � s s e r g o r p � t n a c i f i n g i s � e d a m � � s a h y t i r u c e S � l a c i s y h P S I C S U � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � . y g e t a r t s � t n e m � i g n g a t o b a s � � � � y b n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � n o e g n e v e r � t c a x e o t � r o n o i t a m r o f n � � i � d e l l o r t n o c � l a e t s � o t � s r u o h g n i k r o w � � l � a m r o n � f o e d i s t u o � s e i t i l i c a f � n o i t a z i n a g r o o t � � � i � s s e c c a n a g o t � e b a e r e w e m o S l � � � � � . s e i t i l i b a r e n u v l � y t i r u c e s � l � � l a c i s y h p d e t i o p x e e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n � I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � e m o S (cid:2) s e (cid:2) l i F e s a C (cid:2) l (cid:2) a c i s y h P (cid:2) f o y t i r u c e S (cid:2) / (cid:2) n o i t a n m r e T g n w o i i (cid:2) l l o F (cid:2) s s e c c A (cid:2) / (cid:2) s e c i f f o d e i F l (cid:2) (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h P (cid:2) : (cid:2) C x i d n e p p � A � � � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o y t r o F � � s e i c i l � o p n w o � s t i � s a h y t i l i c a f � S I C S U h c a E � � � a g n i t t u p � f o � s s e c o r p e h t � n � i � s i � S I C S U (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U � � n a v d a k o o t � e s a b a t a d T R E C e h t � n � � i � u c e s � l � a c i s y h p e t a u q e d a n � i � f o e g a t � � s s e c c a e v a h S I C S U n h t i i � � w � s e c i f f o d e i f l � � e m o S � � . s m e t s y s � s l o r t n o c � s s e c c a d n a � � e c a p n l � i � m e t s y s � l o r t n o c � s s e c c a w e n � � l l i w � t i � , s e o d � t i � e r o f e B � � . � R C N e h t � r o f (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h P � s e c i f f (cid:2) l O d e i F (cid:2) f o � e d i v o r p � s l o r t n o c � s s e c c a � c i n o r t c e E l � � l c i n o r t c e e e v a h d e i f � e h t � n l � i � s e c i f f o � l l a � e r o m n � i � s s e c c a � l � a c i s y h p d e s u � t o n � � . s e m i r c � r i e h t � t u o y r r a c � o t � y t i r � � t o N � � � . t o n o d � s r e h t o � ; s m e t s y s � l o r t n o c � � � s a h o h w e n o y n a � r o f � s s e c c a e b a s i d l � � 2 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � t s i l � s s e c c a d e z i r o h t u a e h t � o t � s r o t � � c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e � t n e r r u c l � e r a p m o c � o t � S I C S U � r o f � t n a t r o p � � � 3 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � i g n i t i b h o r p � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � . s e i c i l � o p e h t � f o � t n e m e c r o f n e � � i l g n p o e v e d m o r f � e c i f f o d e i f � h c a e l � � � � s e s s e c c a o h w k c a r t � s r e g a n a m e m o � S � � v o m e r � d n a � s e i c i l o p � c i f i c e p s � e t i s � c A � � � . t o n o d � s r e h t o d n a n e h w � � � t a h w � m o r f � l o r t n o c � t n e m e c r o f n e g n � i � r e V n � i � y t i r u c e S � l � a c i s y h P o t � g n d r o c i � . e t i s � h c a e � l � e b e r a � s n o i t a o i v � f o % 0 2 y l n o � � � , t n o m � � o t � e u d n o i t a n m r e t � g n w o i i l l o f � k c a t � f o � s r e n t r a p � s s e n i s u b d n a � s e e y o p l � � c a � l o r t n o c � o T � � . i n o i t a n m r e t � e h t � m i � s i � t i � , s e i t i l i c a f � S I C S U o t � s s e c � � m e � , y t i r u c e s � y f i t o n o t � e r u � l i a f � � t a o t � e b a � s a w l � r e d i s n i � e h t � , e s a b � � a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � 0 1 n � I � � � � � � � . y t i r u c e s � o t � d e t r o p e r � g n i � � h t i w � t i � g n i t s e t � d e i f � s i � l � d n a k o o b k r o w l � n a p � s i � � n o i s i v i D y t i r u c e S d e F S I C S � U i l � � � e v i t a t n e s e r p e r � y t i r u c e s � a � t u p o t � g n n i � � . D S F � o w t � s t c e p x e � t I � � . e c i f f o d e i f � y r e v e n l � � i l � a o i v � f o � s t r o p e r � e r o m � s e m i t � e e r h t � o t � n i � e v i t a t n e s e r p e r � a � s a h � t i � e c n o � s n o i t � . n o i t a c o l � y r e v e � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u H (cid:2) (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P � s e v n i � n i � l � � l u f e s u e b d u o c � t a h t � s g o l � � e d i s t u o y t i v i t c a � t i c i l l i � f o � s n o i t a g i t � S I C S U � � � . s r u o h g n i k r o w � l a m r o n � f o � l i � n e g n p o e v e d � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s l � y t i r u c e s � l � a c i s y h p e d w � e s i r p r e t i � l � � a c i s y h p a � s a h e t i s � S I C S U y r e v e � t o � N � � � � . s y e k d n a � s k c o l � � � e v a h y l n o e m o s � – � s l o r t n o c � s s e c c a � � o n e r e h W � � . e v i t a t n e s e r p e r � y t i r u c e s � � a e r i u q e r � d n a � , e c i f f o d e i f � h c a e l � � t n e m e g a n a m � r e h t o n o � s l l � a f � y t i l i b i s � � o t � t u o e s o h t � l l o r � , s e r u d e c o r p � n o p s e r � s i h t � , t n e s e r p � s i � e v i t a t n e s e r p e r � � o s l a � t I � � .

S I C S U y b d e y o p m e � r e g n o l � l � o n � t a h t � s t n u o c c a � l l � i i a g n n m a x e n o � s n a p l � � e n o y n a � s a � l l e w � s a � , s h t n o m 2 1 n a h t � � � r e d n u � s l l � l a f � s e c i f f o d e i f � f o y t i r u c e � S � � � � . s y a d 0 3 n a h t � e r o m � n i � s s e c c a � l � a c i s y h p d e s u � t o n e v a h � � e v i t a t n e s e r p e r � y t i r u c e s � l a c i s y h p � � i d e p p u q e e b � t o n y a m o h w � � � l e n n o s r e p � e h T � � . ) � D S F ( � n o i s i v i D y t i r u c e S d e F e h t l i � � � t n e t s i s n o c � e r u s n e o t � e t i s � h c a e � t a � � � d n a y l r e p o r p � s e u s s i � l e s e h t � e d n a h o t � � ) I S O ( � y t i r g e t n I � � d n a y t i r u c e S � f o e c i f f � O (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � . r e n n a m y l e m � i t � a n � i � m e h t � t r o p e r � n o i t c e p s n i � � l n a d e p o e v e d y l t n e c e r � (cid:3) i (cid:2) m r e T g n w o i l l o F � n o i t a n � (cid:2) s s e c c A (cid:2) l a c i s y h P (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � i l i c a f � o t � s s e c c a � l a c i s y h p g n � i l b a s i � D � n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e n e h w � s e i t l � � l o r t n o c � s s e c c a � s ’ y t i l i c a f � h c a e n � i � � � . m e t s y s � o t � l a i t n e s s e � s i � i e t a n m r e t � s r o t c a r t � � l d n a � s e e y o p m e S I C S U g n i t c e t o r p � l � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U � � . s e i t i l i c a f � � f o n o i t a c o v e r � e h t � g n i t a m o t u a � i s y h p � r o t c a r t n o c � d n a e e y o p m e l � � i n o i t a n m r e t � a n e h w � s s e c c a � � l a c � t s i l k c e h c � n o i t a n m r e t � e h T i � � . s r u c c o � o t � n o i t a c i f i t o n a e d u l c n � � i � l d u o h s � c a � l � a c i s y h p o s � y t i r u c e s � l a c i s y h p � � � � � � . � l d e b a s i d e b n a c � s s e c � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P (cid:2) n o s r e P (cid:3) o w T o N (cid:2) � l o r t n o C � � t n e m e c r o f n e � t n e t s i s n o c � r e d i s n o � C � , e v a h � s n o i t a c o l � e t i s � t a � s d r a u g y t i r u c e S � � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � (cid:2) � � i s y h p S I C S U � � � f o n o i t a g i t s e v n i � d n a � d e p p o r p � r o o d d e r o n g � i � , n o i s a c c o n o � � s t r e a l � l l A � � . s t n e d i c n i � y t i r u c e s � l a c � i d a r t � s a h � t f e h t � e s u a c e b � s l m r a a n e p o � � � d n a d e t a g i t s e v n i � � l e b d u o h s � � t a m e b o r p l � l l a m � s � y r e v � a n e e b y l l � a n o i t � 4 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � e c n a r a e l c � a e v a h � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � � n a o t � g n d r o c c A i � � � . r e t n e C e c i v r e S � t n o m � � . k c e h c � d n u o r g k c a b a d a h e v a h � r o � � � � � y n a � , r e t n e C e c i v r e S e h t � t a w e i v r e t n � � i � 9 4 � t a h t � e t o n o t � t n a t r o p m � i � s i � t I � ” l l u f � e t a r c “ � a h t i � w � � � t u o k l a w d u o c � e n o l l � s e e y o p m e � s t i � e s u a c e b e r u c e s � � � r e V e h t � n i � s y a w l l � a h e h t � n i � d e k c a t s � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � u o y � f i � y l l a i c e p s e � , s r u o h � r e t f a � s e l i f � f o � � w o n k � o t � d e e n d e t a o i v e s a b a t a d l � � � . r e k r o w e e t � a e r a l � � 5 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � m o c � s s e c c a � s t n a r g � t a h t � m e t s y s � l � o r t n o c � s s e c c a n a g n i t n e m e p l � � a � f I � � . s l l i f � r o t c a r t n o c � r o e e y o p m e l � � � s s e c c a e r i u q e r � t o n � s e o d n o i t i s o p � � � n a n o i t i s o p e h t � h t i � � w e t a r u s n e m � � , s r u o h g n i k r o w � l a m r o n � f o e d i s t u o � � l d u o h s � m e t s y s � l o r t n o c � s s e c c a e h t � � n u g o � l � � d n a � s s e c c a h c u s � t i b h o r p i � . s t p m e t t a � s s e c c a � l u f s s e c c u s � � m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � . k c a t � t i � n e h t � y r a s s e c e n n u d e m e e d � � l � s i � t r e a e h t � f i � ; d e t n e m u c o d � . S I C S U (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � u c e s � l l A � � . d e u n i t n o c s i d e b d u o h s l � � � � l d e k c a r t � e b d u o h s � s n o i t a o i v y t i r l � � � m o c � a o s � y r o t i s o p e r � l a r t n e c � a n � i � s i � l a u d i v i d n i � h c a e � r o f � y r o t s i h e t e p l � � � � . e b a l l i a v a � e d i s t u o � s s e c c a � l � a c i s y h p d e s u e s a b � � � a t a d T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � � i e h t � f o e n n � y t n e w T � � � t a o t � s r u o h g n i k r o w � � l a m r o n � f o � a � s y a d 7 � � � , y a d a � s r u o h 4 2 � s i � s s e c c a � t s o M � � � � � � � – k e e w � � s s e c c A d e z i r o h t u A (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h P � s i � a t a d e � l i f � e s a c � s t i � s e m u s s a S I C S U � � s e t a r c � n i � d e v r e s b o e r e w � s e � l i f � l a c i s y h P � a t a D e � l i � F e s a C S I C S U � � � f o n o i t c e t o r P (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h P (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � s s e c c A (cid:2) s r u o H (cid:3) r e t f A (cid:3) i s y h P (cid:2) f o y t i r u c e S (cid:2) � s e (cid:2) l i F e s a C (cid:2) l a c � � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � n e e t r i h � T � l � l a c i s y h p e o t s � e s a b a t a d T R E C e h t � � � � i n a g r o e h t � o t � g n g n o e b y t r e p o r p i l � � n o c � S I C S U � s t s e g g u s � T R E C � � . n o i t a z � t f e h t � f o � s e c n e u q e s n o c � e h t � r e d i s � � � i s y h p o t � s s e c c a d e z i r o h t u a n u � r o � � k s i r � a e k a m d n a � s e � l i f � e s a c � l a c � h t i � � � l w e n o y n a y b n e o t s � r o d e r e t l a y l l � � a c j � a c i d u d a � t a h t � d e t a t s � e e w e i v r e t n i � e n � O � . y t i l i c a f � e h t � o t � s s e c c a � l a c i s y h p � t a c s � s e � l i f � 0 0 1 o t � 0 5 e v a h y l l � � a c i p y t � s r o t � � � t o n y a m e m o s � d n a d e k c a r t � e r a e m o S � � � � � . k s e d � r o e c i f f o � r i e h t � d n u o r a d e r e t � � s w e i v r e t n i � t c u d n o c � s r o t a c i d u d A j � � . e b � i � n e t o p g n d r a g e r � n o i s i c e d d e s a b � � d n a � s e c i f f o � r i e h t � n i � s t n a c i l p p a h t i � w � e r u d e c o r p d n a y c i l � � o p � l a i t � s e n u � s t n a c i l � p p a e v a e i l � t h g m y e h t � � � . s e g n a h c � e s a c � e h t � h t i w � s e c i f f o � r i e h t � n i � d e t r o c � d n a � s e i c i l � o p d r a d n a t s � e r a e r e h � T � � e v i t i s n e s � g n i l d n a h � r o f � s e r u d e c o r p � � a c u d e g n o r t s � a � t u b � , n o i t a m r o f n i � � � � . a t a d � f o n o i t c e t o r p e h t � e r u s n e � � o t � d e d e e n � s i � i n g a p m a c � l a n o i t � n i � , e e w e i v r e t n i � e m a s � e h t � o t � g n d r o c c � A i � � � i s u b S I C S U � r e h t o o t � g n d n e t t a � r o � s e i i � . s s e n � i f i t r e c � n o i t a z i l a r u t a n � � , e c i f f o d e i f � e n o l � p o c � g n i k a m � , e c n a t s n i � r o f � , n e h w � s e l i f � g n i y l e r � , e r o f e r e h T � � . s e m i r c � r i e h t � � f o n o i s s i m m o c � e h t � n i � s e i c i l o p � � e r u c e s � e b o t � d e m u s s a e r a � s e � l i f � e s a � C � � � y r e v e b n a c � e n o a � s e c n a r a e l c � n o l � � r e S a n h t i i � � i w d e n a t n o c � e r a y e h t � e c n o � � � . s u o r e g n a d � � l � i s y h p e b d u o c � y e h t � t u b � , r e t n e C e c i v � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � n i � d r a c � t i d e r c � d n a � , s t r o p s s a p � , s e t a c � e g a b r a g n � i � d n u o f � n e e b � s a h n o i t a m r o f � � . y a w l l � a h e h t � n i � s n a c � n a n � � i � s e s a c � r i e h t � p u k c i p � s r o t a c i d u d � A j � e h t � g n i r u D � � . x o b l i a m � r i e h t � n i � l e p o e v n e � � t n o m r e V e h t � t a m o o r l i � � a m e h t � d e v r e s � � b o m a e t � t n e m � s s e s s a e h t � , t i s i v � e t i s � � n e e w t e b d e d n e t t a n u � r e t n e C e c i v r e S � � 6 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � y e h t � , e l i f � a h t i � � w h s i n i f � s r o t a c i d u d a j (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � n e h W � � . ) . � � . m p 3 y l e t a m i x o r p p a ( � s t f i h s (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � n i � e h t � f o � t n e c r e p e n n � y t n e w T i � � t i � � n e h w a t a d S I C S U � � f o � l o r t n o c � e h T � , s t o p s � e s o h t � d e v r e s b o m a e t � t n e m � s s e s � � � t a n u d n a n e p o e h t � n � i � � e r a h c i h w � s e s a c � p e e k y a m � � s r o t a c i d u d A j � � . d e d n e t � m e h t � n r u t e r � y l l � a u s u d n a � t h g n r e v o i � . k e e w 1 n h t i i � � w � � � s a e h T � � . t o p s � f f o � p o r d a o t � t i � � � n r u t e r � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s � � � t u o y b d e t i u r c e r � e r e w e s a b a t a d � � � . e m i r c � r i e h t � t i m m o c � o t � s r e d i s � � s i � r e t n e C e c i v r e S � t n o m r e V e h t � s e v a e � l � t s u m � s e e y o p m E l � � � . e c r o f n e o t � t l u c i f f i d � , s e i t i l i c a f � e g a r o t s � e t a i r p o r p p a e v a h � � d e t t i m m o c � s r e d i s n i � e s e h t � f o � t s o M � � � a t a d S I C S U y p o c � y l i s a e d u o c � y e h t � t u b l � � s i � t I � � . i n a g � l a i c n a n i f � r o f � e m i r c � e h t � i d n i � d e z i r o h t u a n u h t i � w � t i � e r a h s � d n a � � l i � t a e p o e p e n n � y t h g e d e r d n u h e n O i � � � � � u a e r a � r e t n e C e c i v r e S � t n o m r e V e h t � � e s e h T � � � . e m o h m o r f � k r o w o t � d e z i r o h t � � m e h t � e k a t � d n a � r e t n e C e c i v r e S � t n o m � � � r e V e h t � t a � s e � l i f � p u k c i p � s e e y o p m e l � n i � k e e w � � r e p � s y a d 2 k r o w y e h T � � � � . e m o h (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � s r e t n e C e c i v r e S (cid:2) (cid:2) t a (cid:2) s r e k r o w e e T l � d e s i c r e x e � l o r t n o c � f o k c a � l � e h t � d n a � , t n e m t i u r c e r � r o f � l a i t n e t o p e h t � � j � a c i d u d a � t a a t a d e v i t i s n e s � r e v o � � � � . s e c n e d i s e r � ’ s r o t � e z i n g o c e r � S I C S U � t a h t � t n a t r o p m i � . s l a u d i v � � � r e p � s y a d 3 d n a � r e t n e C e c i v r e S e h t � � � � n a n u n a � s y a p S I C S U � � � . e m o h � t a k e e w � � n e v n i � o t � s e m o h � l l � a o t � t i s i v � d e c n u o n � � r e t n e C e c i v r e S e h t � o t � s e � l i f � e h t � n r u t e r � o t � y t i l i � b a e h t � e v a h � s y a w a � t s u m d n a l � � e m o h � r i e h t � n i � y t i l i c a f � d e k c o l � � a e v a h � t s u m l � s e e y o p m e e s e h T � � � . y l r e t r a u q � t s a e l � t a � s e l l i f � ’ s e e y o p m e e h t � y r o t � � � . s r u o h 4 n h t i i � w � 7 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � y a w h t a p a d e d i v o r p � s e s s e c o r p � s s e n i s u b n � � i � s p a g e r e h w � s k c a t t a � r e d i s n � i � t n e m u c o d e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n � I � T R E C e h t � � m o r f � s e s a c � f o y t e i r a v � A � (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) t n u o c c A (cid:2) / (cid:2) S C I P a i v n o i t a z i r o h t u A (cid:2) / (cid:2) s l o r t n o C (cid:2) l a c i n h c e T (cid:2) s e s s e c o r P s s e n i s u B (cid:2) (cid:2) : (cid:2) D x i d n e p p � A � � o t � l a i c u r c � s i � , s t n e m n o r i v n e � l a u t r i v � d n a � l � a c i s y h p e h t � h t o b n � i � , e g e l i v i r p � t s a e l � � d n a � s e i t u d � f o n o i t a r a p e s � n o d e s a b � � l o r t n o c � s s e c c A � � . s n a e m � l a c i n h c e t n o n � e h t � n i � r e y a l � r e h t o n a � , r e v e w o h � � , e r a y e h t � ; s r e d i s n i � � y b d e s o p � t a e r h t � e h t � e t a n m i i l e � t o n � l l i � l w e n o a � s t p e c n o c � e s e h T � � . k c a t t a � r e d i s n � i � f o k s i r � e h t � g n i t a g i t i m � . � n o i t a z i n a g r o n a � f o e r u t s o p e v i s n e f e d � � � r o h t u a n u � r o � t f e h t � r o f � t n e m t i u r c e r � r o f � s t e g r a t � e r a � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e � s t i � f o e m o s � , l � n o i s s i � � � � m S I C S U e h t � f o e r u t a n e v i t i s n e s � e h t � f o e s u a c e B � � t i � � m m o c � o t � s r e d i s t u o y b d e t i u r c e r � e r e w e s a b a t a d T R E C e h t � n � � � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o � t n e c r e p e n n � y t n e w T i � � � . a t a d S I C S U � � � f o n o i t a c i f i d o m d e z i � � o t � s l o r t n o c � l a c i n h c e t � e d u l c n i � l d u o h s � s e s s e c o r p � s s e n i s u b S I C S U � � l a c i t i r C � � . i n a g � l a i c n a n i f � r o f � e m i r c � e h t � d e t t i m m o c � s r e d i s n i � e s e h t � f o � t s o M � � . e m i r c � r i e h t � E C � � I � e h t � f o e s u e h t � d n u o r r u s � s e i t i l i b a r e n u v � l l a i t n e t o p � , n o i t i d d a n � I � � . d u a r f � r e d i s n � i � f o k s i r � e h t � e c u d e r � o t � l o r t n o c � l � � a u d d n a � s e i t u d � f o n o i t a r a p e s � e c r o f n e � � l e h t � e r o p x e S I C S U � t a h t � s d n e m m o c e r � T R E C � , S I C S U � f o � l o r t n o c � e h t � e d i s t u o � s i � � I S C P h g u o h t l A � � . s m e t s y s � S I C S U � l a c i t i r c � r o f � n o i t a z i r o h t u a � r o f � m e t s y s � S C P I � s y s � l l a c i t i r c � o t � d e t a e r � s e u s s i � t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c c a � , y l l a n F i � � . s m e t s y s � S I C S U � l a c i t i r c � r o f � S C P n I � i � s n o i t a z i r o h t u a g n � i l l � o r t n o c � d n a g n i t i d u a � f o y t i l i � b i s s o p � d n a � l � a c i n h c e t � a i v � m e h t � e c r o f n e d n a � s n o i t c n u f � d n a � s e s s e c o r p � s s e n i s u b y e k � f o n g i s e d e h t � n � � � � i � s e i t u d � f o n o i t a r a p e s � e d u l c n i � l d u o h s � s n o i t a z i n a g r o � , y l l a � e d I � � . s r e d i s n i � � y b � s s e c c a d e z i r o h t u a g n i t i � m � i l � r o f � s d o h t e m n e v o r p e r a e g e � � l i v i r p � t s a e � � l l � f o e p i c n i r p e h t � d n a � s e i t u d � f o n o i t a r a p e s � g n i c r o f n E � � � . k c a t t a � r o f (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) l � e p m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � o t � S I C S U � � f o e d i s t u o � s r e s u � s t i m r e p S C P I � � e r a � s m e t s y s � S I C S U � l a c i t i r c � l a r e v e S (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) r o f (cid:2) n o i t a z i r o h t u A (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � . � d e r e d i s n o c � e b d u o h s � s l � m e t � l o t � t i � s e b a n e � t a h t � m e t s y s � d n a � s s e � l a c o l � d n a s u o h t � o w T � I � � . S C P o t � d e i t � n o i t � � o t � s s e c c a d e t n a r g � s i � o h w � l o r t n o c � d n a E C � I � e h t � n i � ) s O P L ( � s r e c i f f o S C P I � � � c o r p n o i t a z i r o h t u a n a g n i t n e m � � � a c i l � � p p a S I C S U y n a � r o f � s r e s u e z i r o h t u a � � . a t a d d n a � s � m e t s y s � S I C S U � I S C P n � � � i � s t n u o c c a w e n e t a e r c � n a c � S I C S U � � . s e t i s � r i e h t � t a d e t a c o � l l � s e e y o p m e � r o f � h c i h w � , n o i t a c i t n e h t u a � r o f � S C P o t � d e i t I � � n e h w � , s n o i t a e r c � t n u o c c a � s g o l � S C � P I � . c t e � , s t n u o c c a e h t � o t � d e � i l p p a � s e o r l � t a h w � , d e t a e r c � e r e w � s t n u o c c a e h t � � � � . E C � I � e h t � y b d e t a r t s i n m d a � s i i � l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) S C I P (cid:2) (cid:2) h g u o r h t (cid:2) s m e t (cid:3) s y S (cid:2) l a c i t i r C S I C S U (cid:2) � 8 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � d n a � s t n u o c c a S C P � t n e r r u c � e t a d I � r e T � , � I G O S H D � , A S T � , J O D � , P B C � , s r e n o i t � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � � i v i r p e v i s s e c x e d a h e s a b a t a d � � � e h t � f o � ) 7 3 ( � t n e c r e p n e T � � � . s t s i l � o t � l m e h t � d e b a n e h c i h w � s e g e � l � e g e l i v i r p “ � e s u a c e b � � � � , � n o i t i d d a n � I � � . k c a t t a � e h t � f o � ) x i s ( � � l w e f � a d e b a n e � ” p e e r c � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � � s t n u o c c a e t a e r c � t o n n a c � s O P L � o s � , d r o c � e r � l � � e n n o s r e p n o d e s a b e r a � s t n u o c c A � � l � t a e e y o p m e n a � t o n � s i � � � o h w e n o y n a � r o f i � a r t s i n m d a S C P I � � , r e v e w o H � � . e t i s � r i e h t � e n o y n a � r o f � s t n u o c c a e t a e r c � n a c � s r o t � � m e t s y s � y n a � r o f � e t i s � r i e h t � t a g n i k r o w � � � � � � I � .

S C P o t � d e i t � l e e y o p m e � t n e r r u c � t s n a g a � s e o r l i � � � . s r e h t o d n a � , e c r o F k s a T m � � s i r o r � � r i e h t � t u o y r r a c � o t � e s a b a t a d � � � . s e m i r c � � � � 9 4 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � i l � a v S I C S U � t a h t � s t s e g g u s � T R E C � i t e p � , s f f i r e h s � r o f � s s e c c a � l o r t n o c � s O P L (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2 S I V cid:2) (cid:2) m e t s y S n o i t a m r o f n I (cid:2) n o i t a c i f i r e V � � e h t � f o � ) t n e c r e p 6 ( � r u o f � y t n e w T � � a p m o c � l a n r e t x e n � i � s r o t a r t s i n m d a S I V i � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:3) c A S I V (cid:2) (cid:2) g n i r a h S � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � l � t u o y r r a c � o t � e b a e r e w e s a b a t a d � � � s r e d i s n i � e s u a c e b � s e m i r c � r i e h t � � t h g u a c � n e e b e v a h � s e i c n e g a � r o � s e n i � l e h t � e s u � s e e y o p m e e p i t l u m g n i t t e l � � l � � o n � s a h S I C S U � t u b � , t n u o c c a S I V e m a s � � � r i e h t � e k a m o t � n e t f o � � , n o i t a m r o f n i � e t a d i l � l a v o t � s e e y o p m e e b a n e � s t n u o c l � � � d r o w s s a p d n a � t n u o c c a d e r a h s � � � c a e h T � � . � n o i t c a y n a e k a t � o t � � y t i l i b a � � o r p e s a e r c n i � o t � d n a � r e i s a e � s b o j � � � . n o i t a m r o f n i � i p h s n e z i t i c � d n a � I I P � l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I � g n i s a e r c n i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � . y t i v i t c u d � � e k a m o t � n o i t a c i t n e h t u a � r e g n o r t s � t n e m e p m l i � � y l b i s s o p d n a � , s n o i t � c a r f n i � r o f � s e c n e u q e s n o c � e h t � . t l u c i f f i d e r o m � � s t n u o c c a g n i r a h s � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � l � a c i t i r c � o t � s r e s u S I V y b � s n o i t a c i f i d o M � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) � � � . d e g g o l � � e r a a t a d (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s t n u o c (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) , g n i g g o L (cid:2) , g n i t i d u A (cid:2) S I V n (cid:2) i (cid:2) g n i t r e A d n a l (cid:2) � 0 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � e s a c � a e v o r p p a o s l a n a c � s r o t a c i d u d A j � � s i � e r e h T � � . m e h t � o t � d e n g i s s a � t o n � s i � t a h t � � t n e m e g a n a m e s a c � e h t � n e e w t e b e i t � o n � � . ) n o i s i c e d d � i l a v n i � n a g n � i � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) l � e p m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � o t � s l o r t n o c � l a c i n h c e t � g n i t n e m � f l e s � m o r f � s r o t a c i d u d a � t i b h o r p j i � j � . e t a c i d u d a o t � s e s a c � g n i t c e e s l (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � (cid:2) N A L (cid:3) 3 (cid:2 S M A L C cid:2) I m e t s y S (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) n o i t a c i l (cid:2) p p A d e k n i L (cid:2) r e t u p m o C (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � o t � s s e c c a d e t i � m i l n u y l l � a u t r i v � e v a h � s r o t � � � o t � d e e n o n e r a e r e h t — s e � l i f � t n a c i l p p a � � e r p o t � s l o r t n o c � r o � s n o i t a t i m i l � w o n k � � g n i s s e c c a m o r f � r o t a c i d u d a n a � t n e v j � � t i � g n i t r o p e r � d n a n o i t a m r o f n � i � e v i t i s n e s � r e t n e ( � e � l i f � a g n i y f i d o m � r o � s r e d i s t u o o t � � d e r r u c c o � t a h t � t n e d i c n i � l a n r e t n i � n a g n � i � n r e c n o c � w e i v r e t n i � � n a o t � g n d r o c c a ( i � � e c i v r e S � t n o m r e V e h t � t a � s r e n w o a t a d � � . ) r e t n e C � h t i w � s w e i v r e t n i � � d n a S I C S U e h t � t a � j � a c i d u d a � , s r e t n e C e c i v r e S e h t � n h t i i � � W l � s e s a c � t c e e s � f l e s � n a c � s r o t a c i d u d A j (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s O S S I (cid:2) s e s a C n o i t a c i d u d A j (cid:2) (cid:2) f o n o i t c e e S (cid:2) f l e S l � g n i k c a r T e � l i F � l a n o i t a N � , . e . i ( � m e t s y s � j � i d u d a e s a c � e h t � d n a � ) S T F N � r o � , m e t s y S � � . ) S M A L C I � , . e . i ( � m e t s y s � n o i t a c � � – � s h t n o m 4 1 � r o f � s s e c o r p w e i v r e t n � i � e h t � � t a d e r r u c c o � t a h t � e s a c � l a n r e t n i � e h t � n I � d e t n e v m u c r i c � r o t a r t e p r e p e h t � , S I C S U � � 1 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � e r e h T � � . s e s a c � ” w o h s � o n “ � d e v o r p p a e h � � j � i d u d a n a c � s r o t a c i d u d a � , j n o i t i d d a n � I i � s e p y t � n a t r e c � d e n g i s s a h c a e e r a y e h t � � � � � � . j n o i t a c i d u d a � r o f � s e s a c � s t i f e n e b � f o � h g u o h t � n e v e � , e s a c � f o e p y t � � � y n a e t a c � � . s i h t � t c e t e d o t � s l o r t n o c � o n e r e w � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � s a e c i v r e s � r e m o t s u c � g n i z i s a h p � � c i r t e m e c n a m r o f r e p y l n o e h t � � � � l a � , s e r i h w e n � r o f � y l l a i c e p s e � , i n a r t s � � � a e b n a c � ” s t a t s “ � t a h t � d a s � r e t n e C i � l d e t a e r � k s i r � o t � n o i t n e t t a � f o k c a � l � � � . d o i r e p � � l e g a r u o c n e d u o c � s i h t � e s u a c e b � � � e c a r g y a d � 0 9 a � t e g o d y e h t � h g u o h t � � � m e n � i � � n o i t u a c � e s u d u o h s � S I C S U l � � a t a D � t n o m r e V e h t � t a e e w e i v r e t n � i � e n O � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � � j � u d a e t a r u c c a � s a h c u s ( � s e i t i v i t c a � l � e p m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � � . ) s n o i s i c e d n o i t a c i d � � � o t � s e s s e c o r p d e t a m o t u a g n i t n e m � � n a M � � . d u a r f � t c e t e d d n a � t n e v e r p � � e k i l � l d u o w � t i � d e t a c i d n i � t n e m e g a � n e � l a c i n h c e t � d e t a m o t u a e e s � o t � � � d n a w e i v e r � e h t � f o � t n e m e c r o f � . s s e c o r p � l a v o r p p a � e h t � f o � ) 9 3 ( � t n e c r e p n e t � y l r a e n n � � I � � . s s e c o r p � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � � n a v d a k o o t � s r e d i s n i � , e s a b a t a d � n i � � : y c n a p e r c s i d � r e h t o n a � s a w e r e h T � � � � . d e w e i v e r � s i � s n o i s i c e d n o i t a c i d u d a j � � � � i v r e p u s � a y b d e w e i v e r � e r a � s t i f e n e b � � � p e r c s i d a � s a w e r e h t � , r e v e w o H � � � . r o s � s m i t c i v � , e c n a t s n i � r o f ( � s e s a c � e m o s � r o F � s r o t a c i d u d a j � � : s w e i v r e t n i � g n i r u d y c n a � � d e v o r p p a � f o e p m a s � l � m o d n a r � a y l n O � � r o f � s t s e u q e r � d e n i l c e d � l l a � , y l t n e r r u C � j � a c i d u d a e h t � r e t f a n o i s i c e d e h t � � � w e i v e r � e r � r o s i v r e p u s � e h t � n e h t � , t i � s r e t n e � r o t � j o t � s a h � r o t a c i d u d a � r o n e s � a � , ) s e s a c i � d e c r o f n e y l l � � a u n a m a � s i � s i h T � � . t i � s w e i v � g n i k o o l � d e p p o t s � s r o s i v r e p u s � t a h t � d a s i � � f o � t r o p e r � a e v i e c e r � o s l a � s r o s i v r e p u � S � . y s u b � � o o t � e r a y e h t � e s u a c e b � s l a n e d i � l l a � t a � � y b d e r e t n e � s n o i s i c e d n o i t a c i d u d a j � � l l a � t a h t � e p y t � m r o f � a � r o f � r o t a c i d u d a n a j � � y l l a m r o n � t o n � s e o d � r o t a c i d u d a e h t j � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:3) s u C n o (cid:2) s i s a h p m E (cid:2) (cid:2) r e v O e c i v r e S (cid:2) r e m o t (cid:2) k s i R (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:2) s O S S I (cid:2) n o i t a r a p e S (cid:2) f o k c a L (cid:2) (cid:2) n i (cid:2) s e i t u D (cid:2) f o (cid:2) S M A L C I � i t a h t � d a s � s r o t a c i d u d a e h t � , s w e i v r e t n j � i � . e v o r p p a � 2 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � r e d i s n o c � y l l l u f e r a c � d u o h s � S I C S U � � a z i n a g r o e h t � o t � k s i r � t s e g g b e h t i � � s a � s i h t � r o f � d e w e i v r e t n i � s e e y o p l � � � m e S I C S U e h t � f o y n a M � � � . n o i t � y r a m � i r p e h t � d e i f i t n e d i � t n e m s s e s � � . s e s a c � e h t � s w e i v e r � o h w � , � A Q o t � d e s s a p � r e p u s � e h t � o t � k c a b d e e f � s d n e s � n e h t � A Q � d n i f � y e h t � f i � r o t a c i d u d a d n a � r o s i v j � � . t h g i r � k o o l � t o n � s e o d � t a h t � g n h t e m o s i � e r a � s e s a c � e s o h T l � � . e e y o p m e � r e p � � f o e p y t � c i f i c e p s � a n o g n n a r t � n i i � � i � e r a � � d e t n a r g y l r e p o r p m i � r o f � g n i t i d u � A � . s h t n o m 6 � t s a e � l � t a � r o f � e s a c � r o / d n a g n � i l � p m a s � n o d e s a b � s i � s t i f e n e b � y e h T � � . w e i v e r � % 0 0 1 � r e d n u e r a y e h t � � � � l a � s a n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � r o f � k s i r � � d r o c c a � ) A Q ( � e c n a r u s s a y t i l � a u q d n � i l b � � f o n o i t a r a p e s � t n e i c i f f u s n � i � f o e g a t � r e p � s e m � l i t � f o e p u o c � a � s e s a c � l l u p � s k r e l c � � . s e m � i r c � r i e h t � t u o y r r a c � o t � s e i t u d � � s e s a c � f o � r e b m u n n a t r e c � a – h t n o m i � � i � , g n n a r t � n i i � e r a � s r o t a c i d u d a n e h � W j � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � n i � � e c n a t s i s s a e r i s e d y e h T � � � . s e t a t S � t a h t � r e t n u o c � o t � s l o r t n o c � l a n r e t n i � . k s i r i � t s e u q e r � d e n e d y r e v e g n i t i d u A � � � � i o t � k s i r � t s e g g b e h t � t a h t � s e t a c i d n i � g n i t n e m e p m l i � � d n a g n i y f i t n e d i � e m o s � o t � t i f e n e b a � t n a r g o t � n a h t � � � r e h t a r � t n a c i l � � p p a n a o t � t i f e n e b � � � . t i � e v r e s e d � t o n � s e o d o h w e n o � � � g n i t n a r g � t a h t � s e e r g a S I C S U � � f I � � � a y n e d y l t c e r r o c n i � o t � s i � S I C S U � i l p p a � l a g e l l i � o t � s t n e m u c o d � l a g e l � i � s k s i r � t s e g g b e h t � f o e n o � s i � s t n a c � � t i � n e h t � , n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � o t � � l � a u d g n i r i u q e r � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s l � d e t i n U e h t � n � i � y l l a g e l � k r o w d n a � � e v i l � o t � t s i r o r r e t � t x e n e h t � g n w o i � l � � . ) s s e c o r p � l � a n o i t a n o n ( � e c i f f o y b e c i f f o � � � s e i r a v � s s e c o r p A Q � � � ” . s r e t n e c � r e t s i s “ � s e s a c � 0 3 d e t c e e s � l � y l m o d n a r � A � � . t c a f � � y b d e w e i v e r � o s l a e r a � r e t r a u q � r e p � � l d e i f � t n o m r e V e h t � n � � � I � � . f l a h a d n a � r a e y � � t s a p e h t � r o f � e n o d n e e b � s a h A Q � s i h T � � � t s a e l � t a � s l l u p � r o s i v r e p u s � h c a e � , e c i f f o � e h t � r e t f a � ” s d r a d n a t s � y m r A o t “ � g n � i � � . h t n o m j � r e p � r o t a c i d u d a � r e p � s e s a c � 0 1 � , s e u s s i � l d e t a e r � n o i s i c e d w e i v e r � y e h T � � � e c o r p d n a � , s e u s s i � l d e t a e r � y t i r u c e s � t h g i r � e h t � w o l l i o f � y e h t � d d ( � s e u s s i � l a r u d � s n o s s e l � r o f � k o o l � � o s l a y e h T � � . ) ? s p e t s � A Q � � f o e s o p r u p y r a m � � i r p e h T � � . d e n r a e l � l i a d e m e r � r o f � d e e n e h t � � y f i t n e d i � o t � s i � � . d u a r f � e t a r e b i l � e d n a h t � r e h t a r � g n n a r t i i � � , 0 0 0 1 n a h t � e r o m e r a � s e s a c � e m o S � � e b � t o n n a c � l i � a t e d y r e v e o s � , s e g a p � � � � . e s a c � y r e v e � r o f � d e w e i v e r � y l l a c i t c a r p � 3 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � . s n o i s i c e d n o i t � � j � a c i d u d a e s e h t � r o f � n o i t a z i r o h t u a (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � t n e c r e p e v i f � y t n e w t � y l r a e n n � I � e r e h t ( � s k c e h c � d e t a m o t u a o n e r a e r e h T � � � � � s p e e w s � a t a d e n o d � s a h T I � t n o m r e V � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) d e t a m o t u A (cid:2) f o k c a L (cid:2) � s n o i t c a s n a r t � s u o i c i p s u s � g n i t c e t � � . s e k a t s i m � t s e n o h � s a � l l e w � s a � l a m r o f � a � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � s ’ I S O e h t � g n i z y l a n a � r o f � s s e c o r p � i l � o t u a g n p o e v e d d n a � s g n d n i f i � � t u o d e � l l o r � e r a � t a h t � s k c e h c � d e t a m � . y l l a n o i t a n � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o � ) 0 4 ( � t n e c r e p n e T � � � a t a d T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � y b � s e m � i r c � r i e h t � t u o d e i r r a c � e s a b � e d � r o f � m s i n a h c e m � t n e l l e c x e n a � � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � f o � ) 1 9 ( � � � . ) n o i t a m r o f s n a r T n � i � e b � l l i w � � g n i t i d u a e t a u q e d a n � i � f o e s u a c e b � � f o 9 2 n � I � � . s e s s e c o r p � r a u g e r r i � f o l � � d a h n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � , s e s a c � e h t � � r a l i m i s � a � f o � s t n e d i c n i � d e t a e p e r � e r a � s t p i r c s � d e t a m o t u A � � . e r u t a n � s a w � t i � s e s a c � 8 2 n � i � ; s e s s e c o r p � � a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � l o t � e b a � s a w � r e d i s n i � e h t � , e s a b � � f o e s u a c e b e m � i r c � e h t � t u o y r r a c � � l � a c i t i r c � f o g n i t i d u a e t a u q e d a n � i � � � t a d e g a n a m e r a � t s i x e o d � t a h t � s k c e h C � � � l o t � g n i t r e a n a h t � r e h t a r � l e v e l � l a c o l � e h t � . l e v e l � s r e t r a u q d a e h e h t � i � � . s u o i c i p s u s � g n h t e m o s � d n u o f � t i � r e t f a � d n u o f � s a h � t i � , o s � e n o d � s a h � t i � n e h W � � � � . y t i v i t c a e m a s � e h t � f o e r o m � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s k c e h C � s r o t a c i d u d (cid:2) A j (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) f o y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h P (cid:2) s e (cid:2) l i F e s a C � � t I � � . s e l i f � f o � s n o i l l i m � s k c a r t � S T F N e h T � � � y r e v a � s a � , r e v e w o h � , d e b i r c s e d � s a w � � a c c o o d � s e � l i f � e r e h w e s u o h e r a w e g r a � l � 4 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C 5 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � r o p m i � s i � t I � � . n o i t a m r o f s n a r T o t � � � i c e d d e s a b � k s i r � e k a m o t � � m a e t � n o i t a m r o f s n a r T e h t � r o f � t n a t � � � e b o s l a � l l i � w 4 C � ; n o i t a m r o f s n a r T � n o c � y t i r u c e s � f o y p o c � A � � � . d e r i t e r � n e e b � s a h � s t n e m e r i u q e r � d n a � s l o r t � � � s r e n w o a t a d N A L 3 C y b d e d i v o r p � � � f o � t r a p � s a d e r i t e r � e b � � l l i � w N A L 3 C (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � � . t n a c i l � p p a e m a s � e h t (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � n g i s e d n o i t a m r o f s n a r T n � i � s n o i s � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . t n e m p o e v e d d n a l � � n e e b � t o n � s a h m r o f � R H w e n e h T � � � � � � s i � t I � � . d e s i t r e v d a y l e d w i � � � r o d e z i l a i c o s � o t � s r o s i v r e p u s � d n a � s R T O C e h t � o t � p u � � e b � s s e c c a � t a h t � t s e u q e r � y l t n e t s i s n o c � l � n o c � r o e e y o p m e n a n e h w d e b a s i d l � � � � � . s s e c c a � s d e e n � r e g n o l � o n � r o t c a r t n o i t i r t t a � s e c r u o s e R n a m u H e h t � s e r a p � � � � m o c � S I C S U h t n o m y r e v e � , y l t n e r r u C � � � t s i l � t n u o c c a N A L � 3 C e h t � t s n a g a � t s i l i � � l � c a e e y o p m e e v i t c a n � l i � s e b a s i d d n a � � � � � . s t n u o c (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I � (cid:2) S M A L C I (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) o t (cid:2) s s e c c A g n (cid:2) i l b a s i D � � � 6 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) � (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) s t n u o c c A A B D (cid:2) r o f (cid:2) (cid:2) n o i t u b i r t t A (cid:3) n o N � 7 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � (cid:2) � s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � e c a f � e h t � n i � k s i r � r e d i s n i � d e s a e r c n i � � � e h t � f o e r a w a e b d u o h s � S I C S U l � � r i e h t � g n i s o l � e b � l l i w � s k r e l c � y r t n e a t a D � � , x o B k c o L � o t � e v o m y e h t � n e h w � s b o � j � � e s a e r c e d o t � s p e t s � e v i t c a o r p � r e d i s l � n o c � d u o h s � t I � � . s i h t � e k i l � s t n e v e � s n e d r u b � l a i c n a n i f � l a i t n e t o p e s a e � � l � s e e y o p m e e k a m d u o c � t a h t l � � t n e m l t i u r c e r � o t � e b i t p e c s u s � e r o m � . s r e d i s t u o y b � � � � l o t � d n a e c a p k r o w e h t � n � i � s s e r t s � l a n o i t a z i n a g r o e v i t a g e n � f o � � n o i t c n u f � e h t � r e v o e k a t � l l i � � w h c i h w � r o f � s e c n a t t i m e r � g n i t p e c c a � f o y t i l � a � d e t a t s � s a w � t I � � . s t n a c i l p p a � t i f e n e b � e b � t h g m i � s k r e l c � � y r t n e a t a d e h t � t a h t � � � i n a g r o e h t � t a k r o w o t � � � � y a w a d e r i h � c n u f � t a h t � s � m r o f r e p h c i h w n o i t a z � . � n o i t � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o � ) % 6 ( � r u o f � y t n e w T � r i e h t � r o f � n i � g o l � l l i � � w e t a m e b u c � s ’ k r e l c � A � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) n o i t c u d e R g n d n e P i (cid:2) (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) a t a D (cid:2) r o f (cid:2) e c r o F n (cid:2) i (cid:2) l s k r e C y r t n E (cid:2) � f i � n i � g o l � s k r e l c � t e l � t o n � l l i � w S T F N e h T � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) s t n u o c c A g n i r a h S (cid:2) � � a t a d T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � � � y a d e h t � f o d n e e h t � s i � t i � f i � � e t a m e b u c � � a � r o f � m e t s y s � e h t � d e s u � t o n e v a h y e h t � � � � � � . y a d e h t � r o f � e m o h e n o g � s a h T I � � � d n a � � � . s y a d � f o � r e b m u n n a t r e c i � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) S M A L C n I (cid:2) i � � r i e h t � t u o y r r a c � o t � e b a e r e w e s a b l � � � d e r a h s � s r e d i s n i � e s u a c e b � s e m i r c � a m r o f n i � � d r o w s s a p d n a � t n u o c c a � v i t c u d o r p e s a e r c n � i � o t � d n a � r e i s a e � . y t i � s b o j � r i e h t � e k a m o t � n e t f o � � , n o i t � g n i s a e r c n i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � s n o i t c a r f n i � r o f � s e c n e u q e s n o c � e h t � r e g n o r t s � t n e m e p m l i � y l b i s s o p d n a � � � � t n u o c c a e k a m o t � n o i t a c i t n e h t u a � � � � . t l u c i f f i d e r o m g n i r a h s � � 8 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S � (cid:2) l s k r e C y r t n E a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) | T R E C � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2 S D S N D F cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) m e t s y S a t a D – m e t s y S n o i t a z i l (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) a r u t a N d n a n o i t c e t e D d u a r F (cid:2) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . d e s s e c c a � i g n e b � t o n e r a � s e � l i f � ’ s e i t i r b e e c � t a h t l � � e r u s n e o t � s l o r t n o c � l � a n o i t a n e r a e r e h t � � � � � � � � � � � � � t u b � � � y r o t i s o p e r � l a r t n e c � a � s i � � S D S N D F e h T � � s e v n i � y t i r u c e s � l � a n o i t a n d n a d u a r f � f o � � i l � l p p a � s d o h m e t s y s � s i h T � � . s n o i t a g i t � � . I I P � s a � l l e w � s a � , s r e n o i t i t e p d n a � s t n a c � . � b a t � y t i r u c e s � l � a n o i t a n a o s l a � s i � � e r e h T (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s n o i t (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:3) (cid:2) c a s n a r T (cid:2) f o g n i g g o L (cid:2) � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o � ) 9 3 ( � t n e c r e p n e � T � � � a t a d T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � i f f u s n � i � f o e g a t n a v d a k o o t � e s a b � � S I C S U � � . s l o r t n o c � s s e c c a � t n e i c � � � � . s t n u o c c a e s o h t � g n i s u d e t c u d n o c � � s n o i t c a s n a r t � n o d e y o p l � � � n e n e h t � , d e c u d e r � e r e w � s t n u o c � c a � r e s u r e p u s � f o � r e b m u n e h t � � � � l m e e b d u o c � g n i t i d u a d e c n a h � � s t n u o c c a d e g e � l i v i r p � f o � r e b m u n � e h t � g n i c u d e r � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s l � � � f I � � . S D S N D F e h t � o t � s s e c c a h t i � w � , y t i n u m m o c � r e s u r e p u s � e g r a l � a � s i � e r e h T � � � � . S D S N D F e h t � o t � s s e c c a h t i � w � , s r e s u S D � � � � ; r e w o p e v i s n e t x e e v a h � s t n u o c c a e s e h T � � l y l e t e p m o c � n a c � r e s u r e p u s � s u o i c i l a m a � � S N D F � l l � a � f o � t n e c r e p y t r i h t � n a h t � e r o m � m u s � e h t � y f i d o m � � r o d r o c e r � a e t e e d l � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) s e g e (cid:2) l i v i r P d e t a v e l E (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) (cid:2) S D S N D F o t (cid:2) i � . s g n d n i f � f o y r a m � � 9 5 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) n w o n k n U (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) (cid:2) o t (cid:2) s n o i t c e n n o C � � u c e s � n w o n k d e t i o p x e e s a b a t a d l � � d n a � s r e v r e s � e h t � f o e g a e h t � f o e s u a c � � � � � t o n e r e w � t a h t � s e i t i l i l b a r e n u v y t i r � � s e h c t a p � l a c i t i r c � y l n O � � . n o i t a c i l p p a e h t � � � . � n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � y b d e s s e r d d a � � i e h t � g n h s a r c � f o � r a e f � r o f � d e i l p p a e r a � � � k c a t t a � f o k s i r � e s a e r c n i � s e i t i l i b a � l � r e n u v e s e h t � e c n i s � S D S N D F e h t � � � i g n d a r g p u � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � . s r e v r e s � . e d i s n i � � d n a e d i s t u o m o r f � � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � r e d i s n i � � e n o y l n O � � � a t a d n o i t c u d o r p e o t s � e s a b a t a d l � � e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � � l e v e d e h t � n � i � � a t a d n o i t c u d o r p � s a h C S C � � t i � h g u o h t � n e v e � , t n e m n o r i v n e � t n e m p o � � n o i t c u d o r p o t � s s e c c a e v a h � t o n d u o h s l � � � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) a t a D n o i t c u d o r P (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) y t i r u c e S n w o n K (cid:2) (cid:2) s e i t i l i b a r e n u V l (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) (cid:3) n o C o t (cid:2) e b a l l i a v A (cid:3) l e v e D n (cid:2) i (cid:2) s r o t c a r t � � a t a d e v i t i s n e s � y l e m e r t x e � s a w � t i � , r e v e w o H � � . t n e m n o r i v n e � t n e m p o � l e v e d e h t � n � l i � s r e p o e v e d o t � e b a l � � l i � � a v a n e e b e v a h � t o n d u o h s � t a h t l � � � � . a t a d (cid:2) t n e m p o � e h t � n i � s l o r t n o c � t c i r t s � y r e v h t i � w � d n a � , t n e m n o r i v n e n o i t c u d o r p � � e m a s � e s o h t � o t � t c e b u s � t o n � s a w j l � t n e m p o e v e d e h t � n � i � s l o r t n o c � 0 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � T R E C e h t � n i � s r e d i s n i � n e e t r i h T � � i � e b g n h c t a p d e t a m o t u a o n � s i � � e r e h T � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) s s e r d d A o t (cid:2) e r u (cid:2) l i a F � � . s s e c o r p � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f � � e s u � s t i � � e c r o f n e o t � t n a t r o p m i � s i � t I � c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e l � l l a � r o f � x e e b � � l l i w � t i � , e s i w r e h t O � � . s r o t � � a e t a g i t s e v n i � o t � t l u c i f f i d y l e m e r t � � e c r u o s � o t n i � d e t c e n j i � y l l a n o i t n e t n i � s w a l f � g n i s u d e t t i � m m o c � e m i r c � � � . r o t c a r t n o c � a y b e d o c � � � � 1 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � r o f � d e s i c r e x e � s l o r t n o c � y t i r u c e s � f o � � � � . a t a d n o i t c u d o r p e h t � � � l e v e l � e m a s � e h t � e c r o f n e � r o a t a d � � e h t � e z i � m y n o n a � r o e z i t i n a s � r e h t i e � � � i d e s u g n e b a t a d e n m a x e d u o h s i l � � � d e n w o � r o t c a r t n o c � , e t o m e r � e h t � n i � d n a � t n e m n o r i v n e � t n e m p o e v e d l � S I C S U � � � .

S I C S U � t a n o i t a u t i s � e h t � o t � r a l i m i s � y r e v � s i � s i h T � � . t n e m n o r i v n e (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � � a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � l o t � e b a � s a w � r e d i s n i � e h t � , e s a b � e d a � f o k c a � � l � f o e s u a c e b k c a t t a � � � e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � e t a u q � n o c � l a m r o f � a � s a h S I C S U � � � . t n e m � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � 7 1 n � I � e d o c � e s a e e r � s e m l i t e m o s � s r o t c a r t n o C � e h t � g n w o i l l o f � t u o h t i w � s l m e b o r p � x i f � o t � i � n m d a m e t s y s � e t a r a p e s � a � ; s e b a t u c e l � � l � x e w e n e s a e e r � t o n n a c � s r e p o e v e D l � . s s e c o r p � t n e m e g a n a m e g n a h c � � � � � . t u o m e h t � h s u p o t � s a h � r o t a r t s i � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:2) s O S S I (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) n o i t a r u g i f n o C (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M (cid:2) e g n a h C (cid:2) r o / d n a (cid:2) s s e c o r P (cid:2) l o r t n o C � d e c r o f n E (cid:2) t o N � � � � � � e r � t n e d i c n i � n a � ; s e g n e l l i a h c � e u q n u � t n e s e r p � s t n e d i c n i � r e d i s n i � l � i a i t n e t o p o t � g n d n o p s e r � r o f � s e r u d e c o r p � t a h t � d e t o n � s a h T R E C � � � , s i s y l a n a e s a c � h g u o r h T (cid:2) i (cid:2) s r o i v a h e B g n n r e c n o C (cid:2) / (cid:2) s s e n e r a w A y t i r u c e S (cid:2) / (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M (cid:2) (cid:2) t n e d i c n I (cid:2) e s n o p s e R (cid:2) t n e d i c n I (cid:2) : (cid:2) E x i d n e p p � A � � � � d n a n o i t c e t e d e t a u q e d a n � i � , n o i t i d d a n � I � � . r e k c a t t a � l � � � a n r e t x e n a y b d e s u a c � s t n e d i c n � � l i � r o f � n a p e s n o p s e r � a m o r f � s r e f f i d � s t n e d i c n i � r e d i s n l i � r o f � n a p e s n o p s � � n I � � . e r u t a n � r a l i m i s � a � f o � s t n e d i c n i � r e d i s n � i � t a e p e r � d e c n e i r e p x e n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � , e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n � � I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � e h t � s e s a c � e h t � f o e m o S � � � . s n o i t a o i v � l y c i l o p g n � i l d n a h � r o f � s e r u d e c o r p � l a m r o f � d n a � s e i c i l � o p y t i r u c e s � g n i t s i x e e g a r e v e � l � l d u o h s � t n e m e g a n a m � t n e d i c n i � r e d i s � s t i � d e t i m � i l � s e r u d e c o r p e s n o p s e r � t n e d i c n � i � f o k c a l � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o n a h c i h w n � � � i � s k c a t t a � r e d i s n i � e t a r t s u l l i � � e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � � m o r f � � l e e y o p m e n o p u g n w o i � � l l o f � d n a � , g n i t a g i t s e v n i � , g n i k c a r t � , g n i t c e t e d n � i � d e v l o v n i � s t n e n o p m o c � t n e r e f f i d y n a m h t i � � � w n o i t a z i n a g r o � x e p m o c � a � s i � l S I C S U � . r e d i s n i � e m a s � e h t � y b � s t c a � l a n m i l i r c � e p i t l u m n � i � g n i t l u s e r � n e v e � s e m i t e m o s � , t r o f f e e s n o p s e r � s t i � � e g a n a m o t � � y t i l i b a � n i � � � l n a � f o e r u t c i p e t e p m o c � a n a t b o o t � t l u c i f f i d y r e v i � � � � s i � t i � h c i h w n � i � n o i t a u t i s � a � s e t a e r c � n o i t c n u f � d e t u b i r t s i d y l e d w d n a y t i x e p m o c � s i h T i l � � � � � . t c u d n o c s i m � r e d i s n i � e t a g i t i � m o t � � m a r g o r p e v i t c a o r p a � t n e m e p m l � i � o t � S I C S U � r o f � e b i s s o p m l i � y l l a c i t c a r p � s i � t i � , s i h t � f o e s u a c e B � � � . l e v e l � k s i r � t a e r h t � r e d i s n i � s ’ l a u d i v i d � n i � g n i s a e r c n i � f o � s r o t a c i d n i � t c e t e d n a c � t i � � o s � t c u d n o c s i � l m e e y o p m e � f o y r o t i s o p e r � l � � a r t n e c � a e t a e r c � S I C S U � t a h t � s d n e m m o c e r � y l g n o r t s � T R E C � � . t a e r h t � l � � . e b i s s o p � s a y l k c i u q � s a m e h t � e t a g i t i � � � m d n a k s i r � t a e r h t � r e d i s � , � l o t � r o i r p e c a p k r o w e h t � n � � i l i � s r o i v a h e b g n n r e c n o c � d e y a p s i d e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n � � I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o 1 8 � � , e r o m r e h t r u F � k s i r � f o � s r o t a c i d n i � � i o t � d n o p s e r � d n a e z i n g o c e r � o t � d e n a r t � e b d u o h s � s e e y o p m e d n a � s r o s i v r e p u S l l � � � � . e n i l n o � s e i t i v i t c a � l a n m i i r c � r i e h t � , t u o g n i y r r a c � e � l i h w � r o � s i h t � , s n r e c n o c � t r o p e r � o t � s r o s i v r e p u s � n o n e r i u q e r � o t � e b i s s o p � t o n � s i � t i � f i � l � n e v E � � . s t c a � r e d i s n i � s u o i c i l a m � � r e h t o d n a � , t f e h t � , d u a r f � , e g a t o b a s � , e c n e o i v � r o f l � . s n o i t c a � r e d i s n � � � i � f o e c n e r r e t e d e h t � d n a g n i t r o p e r � f o y c n e u q e r f � e h t � e s a e r c n � i � � y a m g n n a r t i i � � f o 8 1 n � i � , t c a f � n I � � . e m i r c � r e d i s n i � � � � l l n a o t � e b a r e n u v e r o m n e v e n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � g n i k a m � � � , r e d i s n i � � l e h t � n e d o b m e d u o c � s n o i t a o i v � l l y t i r u c e s � o t � e s n o p s e r � 2 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � e d a � r o f � l a c i t i r c � s i � y r o t i s o p � � I S O e h t � l l e t � t o n � s e o d e c i f f o d e i f l � � � � . y p o c � a � t n e m e g a n a m l � s ’ e e y o p m e e h t � � r e d i s n i � i g n g a n a m y l e t a u q � � � t u o � s d n i f � I S O e h t � – s m e b o r p � t u o b a l � f o � s t r o p e r � e r o m � � t e g o t � g n i t r a t s � s i � I C � � � . S I C S U n � i � s t a e r h t � m a x e � r o F � � � ” . s s e r p e h t � s t i h “ � t i � n e h w � y t i r u c e s � d n a � s n o i t a o i v � e s u e b a t p e c c a l l � � s i � o h w � i � r o t a r t s i n m d a m e t s y s � d e l t n u r g � � � s i d a � f o d e m r o f n i � t o n � s i � I S O e h t � , e p l � � � . s n o i t a g i t s e v n e r � n i i � e s u � r e t a l � r o f � e l i f � � a n i � i g n h t y r e v e � s k c a r t � t I � � . s n o i t a o i v l � � i � � . s r o i v a h e b g n n r e c n o c � g n i t i b h x e i � l a � s a h � ) R E L ( � s n o i t a e R e e y o p m E � r o b a � L l � � f o � s e v i e c e r � t i � s t r o p e r � e h t � f o d r o c e r � � � . � l n o o s � d n a � , s n o i t a o i v � e u r � , e e y o p m e l l � i l i n a � t s n a g a � s t n a p m o c � , t c u d n o c s i m � l e n n o s r e P � l a i c i f f � i O e h t � s n a t n a m R H i � � � s a y l r a e � s a d e v l o v n � � i � t e g o t � I S O � � d n a � t n e m u c o d o t � d n a e b i s s o p l � � � f o y r o t i s o p e r � l � a r t n e c � a n a t n a m i i � e h t � w o l l a � l l i � w m a e r t s � n o i t a c i n � e r � l a r t n e c � s i h T � � . s t n e d i c n i � l l a � t u o h g u o r h t � d e t u b i r t s i d d n a � x e p m o c l � � � . n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � � e h t � , y t i r u c e S � l � a c i s y h P o t � g n d r o c c � A i � y r e v � s i � s d r o c e r � f o � t n e m e g a n a m d n a � � n o i t a g i t s e v n � i � I S O e h t � f I � � . ) I S O ( � y t i r g e t n I � � d n a y t i r u c e S � f o e c i f f � � O o t � d e t r o p e r (cid:3) g e t n I (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a y t i r u c e S (cid:2) f o e c i f f (cid:2) (cid:2) O � � s e d i v o r p o s l a � t I � � . t r o p e r � y l h t n o m a � ) I C ( � � e c n e g i l l e t n i r e t n u o C � s e d i v o r p � t i � , t c u d � n o c s i m � l � s ’ e e y o p m e n a � s e t a i t n a t s b u s (cid:2) y t i r (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � g n i r i u q e r � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � n a � r o f � o g o t � e c a p e g n i s � o n � s i � l l � e r e h T � i � t n a c i f i n g S a � s e v i e c e r � y t i r u c e S d e F � f I i l � (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:3) e R (cid:2) l a r t n e C (cid:2) f o k c a L (cid:2) � i c n i � l l � a � f o g n i t r o p e r � y r o t a d n a m � e h T � � . s d r o c e r � y r a n i l p i c s i d � s ’ e e y o p m e l � i t s e v n i � t i � n e h t � , ) R I S ( � t r o p e R � t n e d i c n I � u m m o c � s i h T � � � . I S O e h t � o t � s t n e d � d e v l o v n i � s n o i t a z i n a g r o � f o � r e b m u n � n e h t � s i � t c u d n o c s i � m e e y o p m E l � � . s e t a g (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P (cid:2) t c u d n o c s i (cid:2) M e e y o p l (cid:3) (cid:2) m E (cid:2) f o y r o t i s o p � s u s � f o � s d r o c e r � s n a t n o c � h c i h w i � , e l i F � � y l n o R H � s t c a t n o c � R E L � � . c t e � , s n o i s n e p � � � . s n o i t c a � f o � s e p y t � e s o h t � r o f i � t i � s t n a p m o c � l l l l a � s e t a u a v e � I S O e h � T � � m e h t � s n g i s s a � t I � � . m e t s y s � t n e m e g a n a m � i y n a � , t n o p � t a h t � t A � � � . e c i f f o d e i f � a o t l � � � f o y t i l i b i s n o p s e r � e h t � e r a � s t n a p m o c i l � e s a c � e h t � o t n i � m e h t � s g o l � d n a � s e v i e c e r � l d e i f � e h t � t a e g r a h c � n � i � t n e g a � l a i c e p s � e h t � s e t a g i t s e v n i � � e c i f f o d e i f � e h T l � � . e c i f f o � 3 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � i g n d u l c n i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � i c n i � h c a e � r o f � n o i t a m r o f n i � r e s u � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � � l d e y a p s i d e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � � � r o o t � r o i r p � s r o i v a h e b g n n r e c n o c i � � l a n m i i r c � r i e h t � t u o g n i y r r a c � e � l i h w � � l e b d u o h s � s e e y o p m E l � � . s e i t i v i t c a � � a o t � d n o p s e r � o t � � w o h n o � s r o s i v r e p � h t i � w d e t a i c o s s a � s r o i v a h e b � f o e g n a r � � � � . k s i r � r e d i s n i � f o � s m r o f � y n a m � l � t o n e r a � s n o i t a o i v e s u � r e t u p m o � C � � 4 6 | E T U T T S N I I � s r e d n e f f o � t a e p e r � t a h t � o s � t n e d � d n e f f o � t a e p e r � , n w o n k � s i � r e d n e f f o n a � � e r � s a � , d e i f i t n e d i � y l i s a e e b n a c � � � d e t a m o t u a y n a n � � i � d e k c a r t � t o n e r a � s r e � � � n a e t a c i d n i � l d u o c � s e s n e f f o � t a e p � � � . k s i r � r e h g h � f o � r e d i s n i i � � . y a w d e t a e r r o c � r o l � � f o y t i t n e d i � e h t � f i � n e v E � � . n o s r e p � r a u c i t l � i t n e d i � r e t u p m o c � e u q n u a o t � d e i t � i � � m e t � s y s � � � � y d e m e R a y b d e k c a r t � e r a � s t n e d � t p m e t t a n a n � � � � i � r e s u a n a h t � r e h t a r � r e i f � . t e k c i t � e h t � f o � t u o � I I � P p e e k o t � � s r e d i s n i � � e h t � f o e n o � y t h g E i i i � u s � r o f � g n n a r t � d e r i u q e r � o n � s i � e r e h T � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � � � � � r a p a o t � t n e v e n a e i t � o t � t l u c i f f i d � s i � t I � � i c n i � l n o i t a o i v � k r o w t e n � r o � r e t u p m o C � l d e i f � e h t � o t � t n e s � s i � t i � n e h t � , n w o d e s a c � � . t n e m e c r o f n e w a � l � � o t � r o e c i f f o � � f o y l h t n o m � � I S O e h t � s e i f i t o n � ) C E S R E P ( � � e g a n a m e s a c � e h t � n i � d e k c a r t ( � s t s e r r a � s e i f i t o n � � I S O e h t � d n a � ) m e t s y s � t n e m � . s n o i t a g i t s e v n � i � f o C E S R E P � � n o i s i v i d y t i r u c e S � l e n n o s r e P e h � T � � � I e h t � s n r u t � G O S H D e h t � f I � � . t c u d n o c s i � m I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P (cid:2) (cid:3) n o C d n a (cid:2) s n o i t a o V i l (cid:2) s r o i v a h e B g n n r e c i (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) y t i r u c e S o t (cid:2) e s n o p s (cid:3) e R n (cid:2) i (cid:2) y c n e t s i s n o C (cid:2) s t n e d i c n I (cid:2) e n i l n O (cid:2) (cid:2) f o g n i k c a r T � � t n e m e g a n a m a � s n r u t e r � r o t c e r i d � l a n o g i � t n e g a � l a i c e p s � e h t � o t � n o i t c a � f o � t r o p e r � . e g r a h c � n i � o p � r o f � � � I G O S H D e h t � s t c a t n o c � I S O e h � T � � s u o i r e s � r o � r o i v a h e b � l a n m i i r c � y l l a i t n e t � e r � e h t � n e h t � d n a � , d n a m m o c � f o n a h c i � � e h t � n i � r o t c e r i d � l i a n o g e r � e h t � o t � n o i t � � c a e v i t c e r r o c � r o f � e s a c � e h t � s d n e s � d n a (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � , t f e h t � , d u a r f � , e g a t o b a s � , e c n e o i v l � e r � e r a � s n o i t a o i v � s u o g e r g E l i � � . e e y o p l � r o f � k s i r � f o � s r o t a c i d n i � o t � d n o p s � � m e � f o e p y t � d n a � , s r o s i v r e p u s � , s t n e m � � e r � d n a e z i n g o c e r � o t � d e n a r t i � � t r a p e d � s s o r c a y l t n e t s i s n o c � d e d n a h l (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � r u o f � y t e n N i � � . s e u s s i � t n e m y o p l � � t a t i p i c e r p y l t n e u q e r f � r e t f a � r o e r o f e b � � t n e m y o p m e n l � i � e g n a h c � a d a h � � e d � , � i n o i t a n m r e t � s a h c u s � , s t n e v e g n � i � 0 2 � ; s k c a t t a � r i e h t � o t � r o i r p � s u t a t s � p a s i d � r e h t o � r o � , s r e f s n a r t � , s n o i t o m � � t i f e n e b � r o n o i t a s n e p m o c � d a h � � . s n o i t a t c e p x e � t e m n u � r o � s t n e m t n o p i � � . � d e l t n u r g s i d e r e w 5 6 d n a � , s e u s s i � � � n i � � i l d e n a r t � e b d u o h s � s r o s i v r e p u S � e r e h T � � . s r o t a c i d n i � k s i r � e s e h t � l e b a l i � � � a v a n a e b o s l a d u o h s l � � I S O e h t � � m o r f � s t s i l a i c e p s � f o � l e n a p � � � a e b o t � r a e p p a � t o n � s e o d o s l a e r e h � T � � � n i � l g n i t a u a v e h t i � � w d e g r a h c � p u o r g � s t n e v e � l � a n o i t a z i n a g r o m o r f � k s i r � r e d i s � � f o � s p u o r g g n i t c e f f a � s t n e m p o e v e d � r o l � � � m e e v i t a g e n d a h e s a b a t a d � � k s i r � r e d i s n i � � l e e y o p m e e t a u a v e o t l � � t i � f i � n e v E � � . s t c a � r e d i s n i � r e h t o d n a � � , s n r e c n o c � t r o p e r � o t � s r o s i v r e p u s � � n o n e r i u q e r � o t � e b i s s o p � t o n � s i l � � � e d d n a g n i t r o p e r � f o y c n e u q e r f � � . s n o i t c a � r e d i s n � i � f o e c n e r r e t � � � S I C S U o t � s s e c c a e v a h o h w � s N S F � � � e h t � e s a e r c n � i i � y a m g n n a r t � s i h t i � a � s i � d e t n a r r a w � s i � t a h t � n e h w g n d i c e d i � � r o f � n o i r e t i r c � e h t � t u b � , n o i t a g i t s e v n i � l l � u f � a � r o f � I S O e h t � o t � d e r r e f . � n o i t c a e r � t u g � e D � . S .

U o t n � i � y t i l i � b i s i v o n � s a h S I C S U � � j � t c e b u s � n e e b e v a h � s n o i t a g i t s e v n I � I S O � k s i r � t a e r h t � r e d i s n i � n a n � i � d e d u l c n i � t u b � , ) � N S F ( � s l a n o i t a N e c i v r e S n g e r o F i � � � l e b d u o h s � a t a d d n a � s � m e t s y s � . s n o i t a g i t s e v n i � e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p � g n i v l o v n l i � s n o i t a o i v � f o � s n o i t a g e l l � a o t � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � e v i f � y t f i F � . y g e t a r t s � n o i t a g i t i m � e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � l e b a l i a v a � l e n n o s r e p � r o i i � , g n n a r t � , s e n i l � � � i � e d u g y n a e b o t � r a e p p a � t o n o d e r e h T � � � . e t a g i t s e v n i � o t � e t a t S � f o � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � � � t n e m t r a p e D � � . S . U e h t � n o � s e i l e r � S I O e h t � (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P (cid:3) g e t n I (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a y t i r u c e S (cid:2) f o e c i f f (cid:2) O (cid:2) f o (cid:2) t n e m t r a p e D (cid:2) . S .

U (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) r o f (cid:2) n o i t a r a p e r P (cid:2) (cid:2) k r o W e v i t a g e N (cid:2) (cid:2) s t n e v E d e t a e R l (cid:2) (cid:2) y t i r (cid:2) s n o i t a g i t s e v n I (cid:2) e t a t S � l l � a e R e e y o p m E � r o b a L � e h t � r o l � n o c � , s n o i t a c o e r � s a h c u s � , s e e y o p m e l � � i � s s e s s a o t � d e n a r t � ) R E L ( � s n o i t � i n a g r o e r � d n a � , s f f o y a l � , s e g n a h c � t c a r t � . k s i r � h c u s � � � . s n o i t a z � 5 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � n a m � t c a r t n o c � S I C S U � � . s r o t c a r t � . s r o t c a r t n o c � t s n a g a � s t n a p i l i l � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � f f a t s � t n e m e g a � � e g n a r � a g n i t r o p e r � r o f � d e e n e h t � � s r e h t o d n a � , � � R E L � , I S O e h t � , s r o s i v r e p u � S � r e d i s n i � f o � s r o t a c i d n i � l a i t n e t o p � f o � u c e s � l a n o i t a z i n a g r o h t i � � w d e n r e c n o c � � l e e y o p m e o t � e s n o p s e r � e d u l c n i � j � v o g o t � t c e b u s � t o n e r a � s r o t c a r t n o C � � � l l d u o h s � s n a p e s n o p s e r � t n e d � � . s r o t c a r t n o c � o t � d e t a e r � s k s i r � r e d i s l � . s e u s s i � r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � � s s e s s a k s i r � r o g n i r o t i n o m � � t n e m n r e � � s y s � l � a c i t i r c � a n o � r o t c a r t n o c � A � � . t n e m � t n a c i f i n g i s � e v a h � r o p o e v e d y a m m e t l � � � � i n a m e r � y a m � t a h t � s r o t c a f � k s i r � r e d i s n i l � s e e y o p m e � t n e m n r e v o g o t � n w o n k n u � � e r i u q e r � g n i t r o p e r � f o k c a � l � o t � e u d � � � d e i f i t o n e b o t � d e e n � s r o s i v r e p u S � � d n a � , t s e r r a � , e s u g u r d d e t r o p e r � f l e S � � � � . s t n e m � � � l e e y o p m e n a n e h w y l e t a d e m m i � i � � s l a n o i t a n n g e r o f � h t i i w � s n o i t a i c o s s a � r o � , s t s e r r a � , e s u g u r d � s t r o p e r � � e h t � o t � t n e s � e r a � t n e m y o p m e g n i r u d l � � i c n I � � . f f a t s � t c a r t n o c � g n o m a k s i r � � n � i � f o e r a w a n u y l e g r a � l � � e b y a m y t i r � � i d e m m l i � s e e y o p m e � r i e h t � g n d r a g e r i � . ) s t c a r t n o c � l l � a n i ( � y l e t a l � e r � s ’ e e y o p m e y r e v e � s i � t i � , y c i l � o p y B � � e b � s u o i c i p s u s � t r o p e r � o t � y t i l i b i s n o p s � s r o s i v r e p u S � � . t c u d n o c s i m � r o � r o i v a h � n o i t a m r o f n i � � e s r e v d a y n a � t r o p e r � o t � 6 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � l e b d u o h s � s t s i l a i c e p s � r a l i m � S i (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � n a p n l � i � e t a p i c i t r a p o t � e b a l � l i a v a � � e s n o p s e r � f o n o i t u c e x e d n a g n n i � � � a g e n � r o f � n o i t a r a p e r p n � i � s n a p l � o p � t a h t � s t n e v e e c a p k r o w e v i t l � � � n u r g s i d o t � d a e � l � l d u o c � y l l a i t n e t � � e c r o f k r o w e h t � g n o m a � t n e m e l t � . S I C S U � t a � � u c o d � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o o w � t � y t x i S � n o c � h t i w � t n e m e v l o v n i � o n � s a h R E L � � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m � � f o d r o c e r � o n e v a h y e h T � � � � . s r o t c a r t � r o f � s e r u d e c o r p g n n e e r c s � l i � e n n o s r e P � r o f � e s o h t � o t � r a l i m i s � e r a � s r o t c a r t n o c � � n o c � e r e w e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � � m o c � r o � s r o i v a h e b s i m � r o t c a r t n o c � � � � . s e e y o p m e l (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:3) n a M (cid:2) r o t c a r t n o C (cid:2) t n e m e g a � i d e r i u q e r � e r a � s e n a p m o c � g n i t c a r t n o � C (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) i g n n r e c n o C (cid:2) r o t c a r t (cid:2) r o i v a h e B � (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) (cid:3) n o C (cid:2) r o e e y o p m E l � � � r o � r e d r o s i d a e v a h y e h t � r e h t e h w � � r o � t n e m g d u i j � r o � s s e n h t r o w t s u r t � m e h t � o t � r e g n a d a m e h t � e k a m � � � r i e h t � r i a p m i � y a m � t a h t � s s e n l l i � m e � , y l r a l i m S i � � . s r e h t o � r o � s e v l e s � � e k a m o t � s r o s i v r e p u s � g n i r e w o p � � o r p e c n a t s i s s a e e y o p m e n a l � � � l n o i t a u a v e d n a � � l a r r e f e r � m a r g � l e s n u o c � d n a R E L � h t i � w � s k r o w � r o s i v r e p � . s n o i t c a p u � w o � l l � o f � n o e d i c e d o t � � � n o i t a n n g e r o f � h t i i � w n o i t a i c o s s a � r e p u s � o t � s t l u s e r � s d n e s � I S O e h T � � � . I S O � i � s u o i c i p s u s � r o g n n r e c n o c � e v r e s b o o h w � � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s � e h t � h t i � w n o i t a r o b a l l o c � n I � � . s e u s � s i � l l a c i g o o h c y s p e b i s s o p d a h l � � � � e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I l � y o p m e � r i e h t � f o h c a e h t i � � � w d e t a � � i c o s s a k s i r � e h t � f o n o i t p e c r e p � � � � e t a r u c c a n a e v a h y e h t � o s � , s l a � � n i � e h t � f o 8 1 � � , n o i t i d d a n � I � � . s e e � � � . n o i t a g i t s e v n i � i g n w o l l o f � r o s i v � � s e s i v d a R E L � , t c u d n o c s i m � l e v e l � w o l � r o F � � � � . I S O e h t � r o R E L � o t � t i � t r o p e r � r o i v a h e b � � n a h n o � t n e m e g a n a m e c i f f o d e i f � e h t l � � � e r o m � s t r o p e r � R E L � � . r e t t a m e h t � g n � i l d � e r e v e s � e r o m h t i � w � t c u d n o c s i m � s u o i r e s � � a i v � d e t r o p e r � e b o s l a n a c � t c u d n o c s i � � M � � . � R H o t � s e c n e u q e s n o c � � l y a p s i d o h w � s e e y o p m e g n i t n o r f l � � l d u o h s � s r o i v a h e b g n n r e c n o c i � � m e h t � e v o m e r � o t � y t i l i � b a e h t � e v a h � � � i a g n d n e p e c r o f k r o w e h t � � m o r f � l l a c i g o o h c y s p � r o � l a c i d e m � � o t � r o y t i r u c e S � l � a c i s y h P o t � t n e s � e r a � s R I S i � s u o i c i p s u s � g n h t e m o s � s r e v o c s i d � I C � f � I � s m r o f n i � t i � , n o i t a g i t s e v n e r � a g n i r u d i � � � � . n o i t a g i t s e v n i � r o f � I S O e h t � � n o c � s r o s i v r e p u s � , R E L � d n a � I S O � � . ) s R I S ( � s t r o p e R � t n e d i c n I � t n a c i f i n g S i � � i e n m r e t e d o t � n o i t a u a v e l � u s � e h T � � . r o s i v r e p u s � s ’ e e y o p m e e h t l � (cid:3) g e t n I (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a y t i r u c e S (cid:2) f o e c i f f (cid:2) (cid:2) O (cid:2) l (cid:2) s n o i t a e R e e y o p m E (cid:2) r o b a (cid:2) L l (cid:2) y t i r (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i s y h (cid:2) P (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � n o i t a r o b a l l o c � n i � , y r o t a d n a m � l p e h � t h g m i � � , I S O e h t � r o R E L � h t i � w � m o r f � s l a u d i v i d n � i � k s i r � t a e v o m e r � � n a c � y e h t � l i t n u e c r o f k r o w e h t � � . n r u t e r � y l e r u c e s � d n a y l e f a s � � � 7 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � h t i � w d e t a i c o s s a e b n a c � s r o � � i � � v a h e b g n n r e c n o c � l i a c i n h c e t n o n � � � . n o i t c e p s n i � c i s n e r o f � a o d � � � � . ) s n o i t � t I � � . y t i v i t c a � l a n m i i r c � e n i l n o � r o f � k c e h c � o t � l � a i c i f e n e b e b d u o w l � � � � e z y l a n a T I O e h t � e v a h d n a � s n o i t � � l � a o i v y t i r u c e s � l a c i n h c e t � t s a p � � f o � t r a p � s a y t i v i t c a e n � i l n o � t n e r r u c � � � . s n o i t a g i t s e v n i � I S O e h t � � � 8 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � t a h t � n w o h s � s a h h c r a e s e r � t a e r h t � � o t � d e i f i l a u q � s i � I S O n � i � � r e d i s n i � s ’ T R E C � � . y t i v i t c a � s u o i c i p � s u s � f o � s n o i t a g i t s e v n i � n i � T I O e h t � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � i g n d u l c n i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � o t � T I O e h t � d e k s a � r e v e n � s a h C E S R E P � � � I S O e h t � o t � d e t r o p e r � s n o i t a g e l l a � t s o M (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � � . y t i v i t c a e n � i l n o � s ’ r e s u a w e i v e r � � � � � o r p T I O e h t � ; l a c i n h c e t � y r e v � t o n e r a � � n o s r e p e n o y l n � O � � a g i t s e v n i � r o f � t r o p p u s � c i s n e r o f � s e d i v � c a s n a r t � e s a b a t a d y l i r a m � i r p ( � s n o i t (cid:3) g e t n I (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a y t i r u c e S (cid:2) f o e c i f f (cid:2) (cid:2) O (cid:2) y t i r (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:3) i t s e v n I (cid:2) c i n o r t c e l E (cid:2) s n o i t a g � (cid:2) � � � � e t a t i l i c a f � o t � e d o c � e c r u o s � o t n i � e d o c � d e t c e n j i � � e s a b a t a d T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � e h t � n i � , s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e h t o b l � � , s r e d i s n i � s u o i c i l a M w e f � a n � i � t u b � , s � m e t s y s � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � e g a t o b a s � o t � d e d n e t n i � � e r e w e d o c � e c r u o s � o t � s n o i t a c i f i d o m e h t � , s e s a c � t s o m n � � I � � . e g a t o b a s � T I � � d n a d u a r f � h t o b (cid:2) s l o r t n o C a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) l a c i t i r C (cid:2) / (cid:2) g n i g g o L (cid:2) / (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M n o i t a r u g i f n o C (cid:2) / (cid:2) s w e i v e R e d o C (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) � (cid:2) g n i r e e n i g n E e r a w (cid:2) (cid:2) t f o S (cid:2) : F x i d n e p p A � e d o c � e h t � , e s a c � e n o n � i i � ; n o i t a n m r e t � s ’ r e d i s n i � e h t � g n w o i l l � o f � e t u c e x e o t � t e s � s a w e d o c � e h t � s e s a c � � y n a m n � I � � . d u a r f � e t a t i l i c a f � o t � d e s u � s a w e d o c � e h t � s e s a c � � � t f o s � � � � � � � � � y b � t u o d e i r r a c � e b d u o c � t a h t � l � y t i v i t c a � t i c i l l i � l � a i t n e t o p e h t � e z i n g o c e r � S I C S U � t a h t � t n a t r o p m i � s i � t I � � . g n i t u c e x e y l l � � a n i f � e r o f e b � r a e y a � r o f � d e t n a p � s a w l � � . s t n e n o p m o c � m e t s y s � d n a � s m e t s y s � l a c i t i r c � t s o m e h t � r o f � � l y l r a u c i t r a p � , s l o r t n o c � e t a i r p o r p p a � t n e m e p m l i � d n a � , s r e e n g n e e r a w i � � 9 6 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) � � s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � t a h t � d e n o i t n e m e e w e i v r e t n � i � r e h t o n � A � � � � e c r u o s � n i � d n u o f � s a w � ” g g e � r e t s a E “ � n a � � a o t � n e v i g � s a w � t c a r t n o c � e h t � r e t f a e d o c � � � 4 . y n a p m o c � w e n � � (cid:2) � (cid:2) � s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � i i n a t n a m o t � d e r i u q e r � e r a � s r o t c a r t n o C � e c n a i l p m o c � n i � � e b o t � ) 3 � l e v e L � I M M C ( � e s o h t � o t � d e t c i r t s e r � s i � e d o c � e c r u o � S � . s e i c i l � o p S I C S U h t i � w � . � w o n k o t � d e e n e h t � h t i � w � l o r t n o c � o t � d e s u � s i � r e g a n a M n o i s r e � V � � . e d o c � e c r u o s � o t � s e g n a h c � k c a r t � d n a � y t i r u t a m � s s e c o r p � f o � l e v e l � i n a t r e c � a � d e t n e m e p m l i � s i � s e i t u d � f o n o i t a r a p e � S � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s O S S I (cid:3) e R e d o C (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:2) s w e i v � C S C � � � : s s e c o r p e s a e e r � e r a w l t f o s � e h t � n i � � n o i s r e V o t n � i � e d o c � e c r u o s � w e n � s k c e h c � l � s k c e h c � e e y o p m e S I C S U a � ; r e g a n a M � � l � t i � s e s a e e r � d n a e d o c � e c r u o s � e h t � t u o � � . n o i t c u d o r p o t n � i � � e s a b a t a d w e n � s e v o m A B D S I C S U e h � T � � � � � a t a d n o i t c u d o r p e h t � o t n � i � s t c e b o j � � � . e s a b �� . c t e � , k o o b � , e i v o m � , m a r g o r p a n � � i � e r u t a e f � r o e k o � j � , e g a s s e m n e d d h i � � l a n o i t n e t n i � n a � s i � g g e � r e t s a E � l a u t r i v � A 4 � � 0 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � � � � n o i t a r u g i f n o c � e t a u q � � . t n e m e g a n a m � � � � t n e t s i s n o c � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � t f o s � r o f � s e r u d e c o r p d n a � s e i c i l � o p � � � t a o t � e b a � s a w l � r e d i s n i � e h t � , e s a b � � a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � e d a � f o k c a � l � � e h t � f o e s u a c e b k c a t � � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � 7 1 n � I � s i g e r � o t � d e s o p p u s � e r a y e h t � , y l e t o m e r � � s i h t � t u b � , r e g a n a M n o i s r e V n � � i � e d o c � r e t � � . y l t n e t s i s n o c � e n o d � s y a w a � t o n � s i l � e d o c � e s a e e r � s e m l i t e m o s � s r o t c a r t n o � C � e r a w l t f o s � p o e v e d � s r o t c a r t n o c � n e h W � e h t � g n w o i l l o f � t u o h t i w � s l m e b o r p � x i f � o t � . s s e c o r p � t n e m e g a n a m e g n a h c � � e h t � n i � l d e p o e v e d g n e b � s i � i � e r a w t f o S � y l t n e t s i s n o c � t u o h t i w � s r e t n e C e c i v r e S � � � e r i t n e e h t � r o f � g n i r e e n g n e e r a w i � � � e g a n a m e g n a h c � e m a s � e h t � g n i c r o f n e � � e c i v r e S e h t � g n d u l c n i i � , e s i r p r e t n e � � � a n e h t � t a d e c r o f n e � s e s s e c o r p � t n e m � � � . s r e t n e C � s r e t n e c � e h T � � . l e v e l � ) e s i r p r e t n e ( � l a n o i t � n o i s r e V � t o n � t u b � , y r o t i s o p e r � e d o c � a e s u � � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:2) s O S S I (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a (cid:2) D (cid:2) (cid:2) s O S S I (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) n o i t a r u g i f n o C (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M (cid:2) e g n a h C (cid:2) r o / d n a (cid:2) s s e c o r P (cid:2) l o r t n o C (cid:2) d e c r o f n E (cid:2) t o N � (cid:3) r e e n i g n E e r a w (cid:2) t f o S (cid:2) e h t (cid:2) n i (cid:2) s l o r t n o C g n (cid:2) i (cid:2) s r e t n e C e c i v r e S (cid:2) � � . s e g n a h c � e r a w t f o s � k c a r t � o t � , r e g a n a M � � d n a e d o c � f o � s w e i v e r � r e e p o d y e h T � � � r o f � s l o r t n o c � e s i r p r e t n e � t a h t � e v e i l e b � l a ( � d e l i � � a t e d e r o m e r a w e i v e r � e d o c � � � , e s l a f � e b o t � s r a e p p a � f e i l e b � t a h t � h g u o h t � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � t s o M � � � r a u q d a e h � t a � s w e i v r e t n i � i o t � g n d r o c c a � . ) s r e t � � a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � � 1 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) (cid:2) s O S S I (cid:2) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . s r e h t o � � � � � y n a m d n a � , s g o l � s s e c c a e t o m e r � � , s g o l � m e t s y s � , s g o l � n o i t a c i l p p a � , s g o l � e s a b a t a d e d u l c n � i � d e s u � s g o L � d e i f i t n e d � i � r o d e t c e t e d e r e w e s a b � � � � . g o l � � m e t s y s � f o d n i k e m o s � g n i s u � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) � � (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � r e d i s n i � � e n o y l n O � � c a e v a h � s r o t c a r t n o c � , s e s a c � e m o s � n I � � s y s � n o i t c u d o r p d n a � t n e m p o e v e D l � � a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � � � o r p g n d u l c n i i � , s m e t s y s � h t o b o t � s s e c � � f o � s m r e t � n i � e t a r a p e s � e b d u o h s � s l � m e t (cid:2) s O S S I (cid:2) n i (cid:2) (cid:2) a t a D n o i t c u d o r P (cid:2) (cid:3) i v n E (cid:2) t n e m p o e v e D l � 2 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � f o � l e v e l � e m a s � e h t � e c r o f n e � r o a t a d � � o t � e b a l l i � � a v a n e e b e v a h � t o n d u o h s l � l � t n e m p o e v e d e h t � n � i � s r e p o e v e d l � s a w � t i � , r e v e w o H � � . t n e m n o r i v n e � h t i � � w a t a d e v i t i s n e s � y l e m e r t x e � c u d o r p e h t � n � i � s l o r t n o c � t c i r t s � y r e v � n i � s l o r t n o c � e m a s � e s o h t � o t � t c e b u s j � � . t n e m n o r i v n e � t n e m p o e v e d e h t l � � � t o n � s a w d n a � , t n e m n o r i v n e n o i t � � l � x e d u o h s � S I C S U � � .

S I C S U � t a n o i t � � e h t � n i � � � i d e s u g n e b a t a d e n m a i � � d n a � t n e m n o r i v n e � t n e m p o e v e d l � e h t � e z i � m y n o n a � r o e z i t i n a s � r e h t i e � a u t i s � e h t � o t � r a l i m i s � y r e v � s i � s i h T � � � . t n e m n o r i v (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � t a h t � a t a d n o i t c u d o r p e o t s � e s a b a t l � � n e � t n e m p o e v e d e h t � n l � i � � a t a d n o i t c u d � � � . l � o r t n o c � s s e c c a d n a g n i r a h s � a t a d � (cid:2) s r e n w O a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) t n e m n o r � r o f � d e s i c r e x e � s l o r t n o c � y t i r u c e s � � � � . a t a d n o i t c u d o r p e h t � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) � 3 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � 4 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) � � n a m � t n e v m u c r i c � o t � � y t i n u t r o p p o n a e v a h � s r e d i s n � i � , d e s i � m o r p m o c � e b n a c � s t n u o c c a � r e t u p m o c � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o n a � f i � t a h t � d e t a r t s n o m e d � s a h h c r a e s e R � � � s e i c i l � � o p � t n e m e g a n a m d r o w s s a p d n a � t n u o c c a � r e t u p m o c � e v i t c e f f E � � . s k c a t t a � r e d i s n � i � t n e v e r p o t � d e d n e t n i � s m s i n a h c e m � l o r t n o c � d e t a m o t u a d n a � � l a u (cid:2) (cid:2) y g o l o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n I (cid:2) : (cid:2) G x i d n e p p � A (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M (cid:2) t n u o c c A � � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � f o y t e i r a v � a n � � I � � . s e s o p r u p � t i c i l l i � r o f � s m e t s y s � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � e s u o t � � � y t i l i b a � s ’ r e d i s n i � � n a e d e p m i � o t � l a c i t i r c � e r a � s e c i t c a r p d n a � � � � . s k c a t t a � t u o y r r a c � o t � s t n u o c c a � r o o d k c a b d n a � , s t n u o c c a d e r a h s � , s e i t i l i � � � l b a r e n u v d r o w s s a p d e t i o p x e � s r e d i s n l � � i � , e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � � s l o r t n o c � l a c i n h c e t � d n a � s e r u d e c o r p � t c i r t s � g n i s u � � l � , y r a s s e c e n y l e t u o s b a e r a � t a h t � e s o h t � o t � s t n u o c c a � r e t u p m o c � t i m i l � o t � s n o i t a z i n a g r o � r o f � t n a t r o p m i � s i � t I � d n a � t n u o c c a � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o n a � , e r o m r e h t r u F � � � . r e s u � l a u d i v i d n i � � n a o t � t n u o c c a h c a e h t i � � � w d e t a i c o s s a y t i v i t c a e n � � i l n o � l l � a � f o n o i t u b i r t t a e t a t i l i c a f � t a h t � � � e v a h o h w � s r o d n e v � d n a � , s r o t c a r t n o c b u s � , s r o t c a r t n o c � e d u l c n i � � o t � e s i r p r e t n e e h t � s s o r c a y l t n e t s i s n o c � d e � i l � p p a e b � t s u m � s e i c i l o p � t n e m e g a n a m d r o w s s a p � � D P S H � ( � 2 1 e v i t c e r i D � l � � a i t n e d i s e r P y t i r u c e S d n a e m o H g n i t n e m e p m l l � i � s i � S I C S U � � . S I C S U � t a � l l � � e w y l r i a f � d e g a n a m e r a � s t n u o c c a � r e t u p m o c � , s a e r a e m o s � n � I � � � i e e r g e d h g h a � s t n e s e r p � s i h T � � . S I C S U � f o � l o r t n o c � e h t � e d i s t u o � s e i l � t n e m e g a n a m � � t n u o c c a e m o s � , r e v e w o H � � l � � . r e s u e g n i s � a o t � d e t u b i r t t a e b n a c � s t n u o c c a � � � � e s o h t � g n i s u d e m r o f r e p � s n o i t c a � l l � a d n a d e � l l o r t n o c � e r a � s t n u o c c a d e r a h s � t s o m � � , n o i t i d d a n � I � � . t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c c a � c i n o r t c e e d n a l � � l a c i s y h p � r o f � ) 2 1 � . s k r o w t e n � r o � s m e t s y s � n o i t a m r o f n i � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � o t � s s e c c a � � � r e p o r p h g u o r h t � k r o w r e p a p � t i m b u s � t s u m � � s N S F h g u o h t l A � � . S I C S U y b y l l � � � l u f e r a c � d e r e d i s n o c � e b d u o h s � s N S F � r o f � s s e c c a d n a � s t n u o c c a � , l l � a � f o � t s r i F � � . k s i r � f o � , t l u s e r � a � s A � � . � � 7 0 0 2 o t � r o i r p y l t n e t s i s n o c � d e t t i � m b u s � t o n � s a w k r o w r e p a p h c u s � , S H D � � � I � f o O C d n a O S C e h t � � � � y b n o i t a z i r o h t u a � s e r i u q e r � h c i h w � , s l e n n a h c � � � � .

S . U a d n a � t n u o c c a N S F n a � , e r o m r e h t r u F � � � � � . t n u o c c a e h t � f o n o i t a e r c � e h t � r o f � g n i t n u o c c a o n o t � e l t t i l � s i � � � e r e h t � h c i h w � � r o f � s t n u o c c a e v i t c a e b y a m e r e h t � � � � � � � � e h t � d n a S H D y b d e t a t c i d e r a � s n o i t n e v n o c � g n m a n � t n u o c c a h g u o h t l A i � � � . d e t a e r c � s i � t i � � � e c n o d e h s i u g n i t s i d e b � t o n n a c � t n u o c c a e e y o p m e l � � l a r e d e f � n e z i t i c � n I � � . s t n u o c c a e e y o p m e l � � l � � � � a r e d e f � n e z i t i c � . S . U d n a N S F n e e w t e b e t a i t n e r e f f i d o t � n o i t n e v n o c � g n m a n a � t s e u q e r � d u o c � S I C S U l i � � � , e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � .

S . U � s t n u o c c a y c a g e � � l � r o d e z i r o h t u a n u � f i � i e n m r e t e d o T � � � . s t n u o c c a S I C S U � � l l � � a � f o n o i t a e r c � d n a n o i t a z i r o h t u a e h t � k c a r t � � y l t n e t s i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � , n o i t i d d a � � N S F g n i t s i x e � l l � a e t a d i l a v � o t � l � e n n o s r e p e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � . S . U � � f o e c n a t s i s s a e h t � h t i � w � � � t i d u a � t n u o c c a n a g n i t c u d n o c � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � , t s i x e � 5 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � . s t n u o c c a � � i l i c a f � o t � s i � � I S C P � f o e s o p r u p e h T � � � . ) S C P ( � I m e t s y S � l � o r t n o C d n a e c n a u s s I � � d r o w s s a P e h t � � � y b d e l l o r t n o c � s i � s m e t s y s � S I C S U � l a c i t i r c � e m o s � o t � s s e c c a � , d n o c e S � � t i � t a h t � s i � � i I S C P g n d r a g e r � n r e c n o c � f o a e r a e n O � � � � . s m e t s y s � n o i t a m r o f n i � � S I C S U d n a E C � I � � i n a t r e c � o t � s d r o w s s a p d n a � s e m a n r e s u � f o n o i t a r t s i n m d a e h t � e t a t i � � � s m o t s u C � , s r e n o i t i t e p � , s f f i r e h s � l a c o � � l � s a h c u s � , y c n e g a � r o e t i s � e v i t c e p s e r � r i e h t � t a � l e n n o s r e p e h t � r o f � s � m e t s y s � S I C S U d n a E C � � I � � o t � s s e c c a d e z i r o h t u a � t n a r g � � I o t � S C P e s u � s O P L � e s e h T � � .

S H D � f o � s t n e n o p m o c � s u o i r a v � s s o r c a � ) s O P L ( � s r e c i f f � O S C P I � l � , a c o L � 0 0 0 2 n a h t � e r o m e r a e r e h t � d n a � , E C � � I � � y b d e r e t s i n m d a � s i i � h c a E � � . � � I G O S H D d n a � , e c r o F k s a T m � � i s i r o r r e T � , ) A S T ( � n o i t a r t s i n m d A y t i r u c e S n o i t a t r o p s n a r T � , ) J � � O D ( � e c i t s u J � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � , ) P B C ( � l o r t a P � r e d r o B d n a � � o t � f f a t s � r i e h t � f o � y n a � r o f � s s e c c a � t n a r g n a c � E C � I � � d n a S I C S U � t u o h g u o r h t � s O P L � , s d r o w � r e h t o n � I I � � . S C P y b d e � � l l o r t n o c � m e t s y s � � y n a o t � s s e c c a � t n a r g n a c � O P L � � i � a r t s i n m d a � t n u o c c a � f o e r u t a n d e t u b i r t s i d e h t � n e v i G � � � � . s m e t s y s � s t i � o t � s s e c c a � s a h o h w o t n � � i � y t i l i � b i s i v o n � s a h S I C S U � � , e r o m r e h t r u F � � . m e t s y s � S I C S U � y n a � � c o r p e h t � , y l l a n F i � � . s m e t s y s � l � � � � a c i t i r c � S I C S U o t � s t n u o c c a � r e s u � f o n o i t a z i r o h t u a e g a n a m o t � f f a t s � T I O d n a � s r e n w o a t a d S I C S U � r o f � t l u c i f f i d y r e v � s i � t i � , � � � � n o i t � � � f o d n a � , s r e t n e C e c i v r e S � , s e c i f f o d e i f � l l � a u d i v i d n i � � g n o m a y l e d w � s e i r a v i � s t n u o c c a g n � i l � b a s i d d n a � s u t a t s � e e y o p m e n l � i � s e g n a h c � g n i t a c i n u m m o c � r o f � s s e � l � � . y t i v i t c a � t i c i l l i � r o f � e s u o t � s e e y o p m e � r e m r o f � d n a � t n e r r u c � r o f � h t a p � s s e c c a n w o n k n u � t n e n e v n o c � a e d i v o r p � s t n u o c c a � t n a m r o D i � � � � . � R C N e h t � n i � s e c i f i � t a n m r e t � r o g n � i l b a s i d l � , e p m a x e � r o F � � . S I C S U � f o � l o r t n o c � e h t � r e d n u � s e c i t c a r p � t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c c a � f o n o i t a c i l � � p p a e h t � n � i � s t s i x e y c n e t s i s n o c � f o k c a � l � A � e d a m � s i � y c n e t s i s n o c � f o k c a � l � s i h T � � . s u t a t s � n i � � l e g n a h c � s ’ e e y o p m e e h t � n o p u � r e n n a m y l e m � i t � a n � i � l l d e t e p m o c � s y a w a � t o n � s i � s e e y o p m e � r o f � s t n u o c c a g n l � i � i i � r e f s n a r t � a � r e t f a � s s e c c a g n n a t e r � e r a � s e e y o p m e � , s e s a c � r e h t o n l � I � � . s e r u d e c o r p e m a s � e h t � � w o l l � � o f � t o n o d S I C S U � s s o r c a � s O P L � d e z i l � a r t n e c e d n e h w e s r o w � � � � . l e n n o s r e p � t n e m e g a n a m � � � t n u o c c a � r e p o r p y f i t o n o t � s r o s i v r e p u s � g n n a g d n a g n i s o i i � � l � e h t � s e r i u q e r � h c i h w � � , t o n d u o h s � l y e h t � n e h w (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � t c u d n o c � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � r o f � k r o w r e p a p � r e v i a w � , � 7 0 0 2 o t � r o i r P � � � i o t � s s e c c a n a g o t � s N S F � r o f � r e d r o n � I (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � . S .

U � � f o e c n a t s i s s a � e r � a � s A � � . y l t n e t s i s n o c � d e t t i m b u s � t o n � l l � a e t a d i l � a v o t � l e n n o s r e p e t a t S � � � r o f � s t n u o c c a e v i t c a e b y a m e r e h t � , t l u s � � � � e h t � h t i w � t i d u a � t n u o c c a n a g n � � i � s a w � s s e c c a � t n u o c c a g n i t s e u q e r � s N S F � � i � s r o t a r t s i n m d a e s a b a t a d e s u a c e B � � � � � . s t n u o c c a N S F g n i t s i x e � � , a t a d � l a c i t i r c � h c u s � o t � s s e c c a e v a h � � g n i t a r a p e s � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � o t � s s e c c a g n i z i r o h t u a � f o k s a t � e h t � � � g n i t n u o c c a o n o t � e l t t i l � s i � � e r e h t � h c i h w � � l e b a e b y a m � i � s r o t a r t s i n m d a e s a b a t a D � � � � d n a e s a b a t a d e t e e d d n a e t a e r c � o t l � � � � . t n u o c c a e h t � f o n o i t a e r c � e h t � r o f � � � c e s � a � t u o h t i w � s t n u o c c a n o i t a c i l � p p a � � , s l e n n a h c � r e p o r p h g u o r h t � k r o w r e p a p � a z i r o h t u a � s e r i u q e r � y l l a u t n e v e h c i h w � � . S H D � � � I � f o O C d n a O S C e h t � y b n o i t � � � � t i m b u s � t s u m y e h t � , s � m e t s y s � S I C S U (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I � � � l n o i t e e d d n a n o i t a e r c � t n u o c c a � r o f � e d � � , e s i r p r e t n e e r i t n e e h t � s s o r c a � � l e b i s n o p s e r � e r a � l e n n o s r e p � t n e r e f f i D (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I . � n o i t c a � t a h t � g n i y f i r e v � n o s r e p d n o � n � � i � k r o w t e n � r o m e t s y s � e h t � n o g n d n e p i � � 6 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:3) b a t s E (cid:2) t n u o c c A (cid:2) t n e m h s i l (cid:2) � � a t a d e h t � n � i � � a t a d e h t � g n g a n a m i � � f o k s a t � e h t � m o r f � s e s a b a t a d S I C S U � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) . � n o i t s e u q (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � � s e i t u d � f o n o i t a r a p e s � s i h T � � . s e s a b � � n a g n i t a e r c � r o t a r t s i n m d a e s a b i � � � � a t a d a � f o k s i r � e h t � e c u d e r � y a m � � g n i s u d n a � t n u o c c a d e z i r o h t u a n u � � i l � � a m a � t u o y r r a c � o t � t n u o c c a � t a h t � . t c a � s u o i c � � g n i r i u q e r � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � e m o s � s i � s s e c c a � t n u o c c a � r e t u p m o C � d e h s i l b a t s e � s i � t n u o c c a � r e t u p m o c � A (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U � � s s e n e r a w a y t i r u c e s � r e t u p m o c � � e r a w a y t i r u c e s � e r o f e b d e t n a r g � s e m � i t � � e v a h a i r e t i r c � f o � r e b m u n a � r e t f a y l n o � � � l l u f � – � l e n n o s r e p � l l a � r o f � g n n a r t i i � c a r p � s i h T � � . l d e t e p m o c � s i � i i g n n a r t � s s e n � � e r a w a y t i r u c e s � g n d u l c n i i � , t e m n e e b � � � m e e m i t � t r a p l � , s e e y o p m e e m � i t � r o f � y l l � a i c e p s e e u r t � e b y a m e c i t � � i i � � . g n n a r t � s s e n � � d n a – � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � , s e e y o p l � � i g n d r a o b � n o e h t � e c n i s � , s r o t c a r t n o c � � l e r o f e b e t e p m o c � s i � t i � t a h t � y f i r e v � g n i t c a r t n o c � e h t � n o � s d n e p e d � s s e c o r p � � f o d e r i u q e r � s p e t s � e h t � o t � n o i t i d d a n � � I � � r o f � s t n u o c c a m e t s y s � y n a g n i t a e r c � � t a h t � � � y f i r e v o t � R T O C e h t � d n a y c n e g a � � , s s e c c a � t n u o c c a � r o f � l e n n o s r e p � l l a � . l e n n o s r e p e s e h t � l . � d e t e p m o c � s i � i i g n n a r t � e h t � � � a r t x e h g u o r h t � o g o t � e v a h � s r o t c a r t n o c (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � e h t � f o 2 1 n � � I � s s e c o r t p � � I n u o c c a S C P e h t � h g u o h t l A � � a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � � � a o t � d e k n i l � � e b o t � t n u o c c a e h t � s e r i u q e r � � s r o t a r t s i n m d a S C P I i � l � , e e y o p m e d � i l a v � d i s n i � l e h t � d e b a n e � t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c c a � t n e i c i f f u s n i � , e s a b a t � � . s e m i r c � r i e h t � t i m m o c � o t � s r e � t c u d n o c � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � l a c o l � e h t � t a � s t i d u a � t n u o c c a g n � i � e h t � w o l l � l a d u o w h c i h w � � , l e v e l � e t i s � I � c a S C P � t n e r r u c � f o n o i t a d � i l a v � s t n u o c c a d � i l a v n l I � � . e g d e w o n k � r i e h t � t u o � h t i w � s e e y o p m e d l � i l � a v � f o e m a n e h t � n � i � t a � l � e n n o s r e p e h t � r o f � S C P o t � s s e c c a I � � h c a E � � � . s e t i s � k r o w e v i t c e p s e r � r i e h t � � s t n u o c c a d e z i r o h t u a n u e t a e r c � d u o c l � � � d e z i r o h t u a g n i t n a r g � r o f � e b i s n o p s e r l � � e h t � n e h w y l n o d e g g a l f � � y l l a c i p y t � e r a � � m e t s y s � y n a o t � s s e c c a � t n a r g n a c � O P L � � i � e p n a t r e c � a � r o f � t n a m r o d � s i � t n u o c c a � , s d r o w � r e h t o n � I I � � . S C P y b d e � � l l o r t n o c � � � n g i s s a o s l a n a c � O P L � n A � � . e m � i t � f o d o i r � n a c � E C I � � d n a S I C S U � t u o h g u o r h t � s O P L � i f i r e v � e d u l c n i � h c i h w � � f o e m o s � , s p e t s � e r a � s O P L � e s e h T � � . S H D � f o � s t n e n o p m o c � s u o i r a v � s s o r c a � s O P L � 0 0 0 2 � r e v o � s a h , � h c i h w � , E C � I � y b d e r e t s i n m d a � s i � i S C P I � � . � R T O C e h t � y b n o i t a c � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:3) e g a n a M (cid:2) t n u o c c A (cid:2) (cid:2) l a r e n e G (cid:2) (cid:3) (cid:2) t n e m � t n e r r u c � s u s r e v � s e o r � d n a � s t n u o c l � y b d e � l l o r t n o c � m e t s y s � y n a � r o f � s t h g i r � � o t � f f a t s � r i e h t � f o y n a � r o f � s s e c c a � t n a r g � 7 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � l � f o � s n a e m a e r o p x e d u o h s � S I C S U l � � e g a n a m � � t n u o c c a g n i t a g e r g e s � � . s t s i l � e e y o p m e l � n a c � s O P L � t a h t � o s � S C P n I � i � t n e m � s i h t � s r e t s i n m d a E C i � I � , e r o m r e h t r u F � � e r � S I C S U � t c e f f a d u o c � d n a m e t s y s l � � � .

S I C S U o t � t s n w o n k e b n u � s d r o c � � . S C P I � � � � � � . � m e t s y s � S I C S U y n a � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � � . s m e t s y s � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o n w o � r i e h t � � r o f � y l n o � s t n u o c c a � r e t s i n m d a i � i l � r e t s i n m d a o t � e b a e b y l n o d u o w l � � � � s O P L � S I C S U � , s d r o w � r e h t o n � I � s m e t s y s � S I C S U � r o f � s n o i t a z i r o h t u a � � l y l n o d u o w � s O P L � E C I � d n a � , S C P n I � i � a z i r o h t u a � r e t s i n m d a o t � e b a e b l i � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . s m e t s y s � E C I � r o f � s n o i t � � � � � � � � � a � r o f � d e s u n e e b � t o n � s a h � t n u o c c a n a � f I � � o t u a � s i � t i � , e m � i t � f o d o i r e p n a t r e c i � � . t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c � � � c a n w o � r i e h t � e n o d y l l � a c i r o t s i h e v a h � � S I C S U � f o � s e c i f f o � l i a n o g e r � d n a � l a c o l � , t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c c a e z i l � a r t n e c � d o i r e p e m � i t � e h T � � . l d e b a s i d y l l � a c i t a m � r a v � s e e w e i v r e t n i � s u o i r a v � y b d e t a t s � � � � . s y a d 0 9 � r o � � , 0 6 � , � 0 3 m o r f � d e i � 8 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � o t � t r o f f e n a � s i � � e r e h t � h g u o h t l A � � . S I C S U � s s o r c a � s p u o r g � t n e r e f f i d � f o � r e b m u n a � � � l y b d e d n a h � s i � t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c c A (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) � � � � d e s u e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s � s e g e l i v i r p � r o t a r t s i n m d a m e t s y s i � � � � � g n i t a r e p o n a � f o n o i t a r u g i f n o c � d r a d � n a t s � a � l l a t s n i � o t � r o t a r t s i n m d a n a i � � n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e � � t i m r e p � t a h t � S I C S U � t u o h g u o r h t � d e s u � ; a t a d � r o � s m e t s y s � e g a t o b a s � o t � � � � . e r a w t f o s � g n i y n a p m o c c a d n a m e t s y s � � � n i � i n o i t a n m r e t � g n w o i l l o f � s r e d i s n i � � � y b d e s u e r e w � s t n u o c c a d e r a h s � � c a � l � a c i s y h p e r i u q e r � d u o w l � t i � h g u o h T � i � r e m r o f � t a h t � , e n h c a m S I C S U a o t � s s e c � � � � � 9 7 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � � � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � x i S � � � a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � � r i e h t � t u o y r r a c � o t � e b a e r e w e s a b l � � � � i v i r p “ � f o e s u a c e b � s e i t i v i t c a � l a g e l l i � l w e i v e r � d u o h s � S I C S U � � ” . p e e r c � e g e l � s p e t s � e h t � t a h t � e r u s n e o t � s e r u d � � e c o r p � t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c c a � � r o e v o m e r � o t � n e k a t � y l t n e r r u c � m o c � e r a � s s e c c a � t n u o c c a � r e t l a � l o f � y l t n e t s i s n o c � g n e b d n a e t e p i l � � � � e c o r p e h t � , r a u c i t r a p n l � I � � . d e w o l � � l e b d u o h s � S I C S U n h t i i � w � s t n e m � t r a p e d � r o � s n o i t a c o l � s e g n a h c � e n o e m o s � n e h w d e s u � s e r u d � � s n a r t � s e e y o p m e � s A l � � . i d e n m a x e � l � i v i r p g n i t a u m u c c a e b � t o n d u o h s l � � � � y e h t � , y c n e g a n a � t u o h g u o r h t � r e f � i n a t e r � y l n o d u o h s � l � y e h T � � . s e g e l � h t i � w e t a r u s n e m m o c � s e g e l i v i r p � d i s n i � e h t � f o � ) 6 4 ( � t n e c r e p e v l e w � T � � � � . s e i t i l i b i s n o p s e r � b o j � r i e h t l � s e e y o p m e h c i h w n � � i � S I C S U n � i � s e s a c � r o f � t n e m e g a n a m � t n u o c c a � f o e u s s i � � e h T � � � e h t � r e h t i e y b n o i t a c i f i t o n n o � s e � i l e r � T I O � e h T � � . r e n n a m � t n e t s i s n o c � a n � i � d e s s e r d � i � d a g n e b � t o n � s i � s r e f s n a r t � e e y o p m e l � � n e e b e v a h e r e h t � t u b � � , s r e f s n a r t � e e y o p l � � m e n a n e h w � � r o s i v r e p u s � d o � r o w e n l � � � � e n o m o r f � s e v o m e e y o p m e n a n e h W l � � � o t � s r e f s n a r t � r o � r e h t o n a o t � n o i t i s o p � � � e g a n a m e h t � , t n e m t r a p e d � r e h t o n a � t s u m � s t n e m � t r a p e d e s o h t � n i � t n e m � c a � r e t u p m o c � d e r i u q e r � e h t � e t a i t i n i � � � . s e g n a h c � t n u o c (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U � y e h t � n e h w � s s e c c a d e n a t e r � e v a h i � � � � . e v a h � t o n d u o h s l � � s e g a m i � m e t s y s � g n i t a r e p o e r a e r e h T � � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) � (cid:2) (cid:3) s s a P g n i g n a h C (cid:2) d e r a h S (cid:2) f o d r o w (cid:2) (cid:2) n o p U (cid:2) t n u o c c A (cid:2) n o i t a n m r e T i � � � � � � i � , t n e m p u q e � f o e c e p a o t � s s e c i � � � � c a � l � a c i s y h p d e e n d u o w l � � r o t a r t � � . E F G o t � s t h g i r � r o t � � � � � i � s i n m d a n a h g u o h t l A � � � . s e s a c � 4 1 � i � a r t s i n m d a e v a h d u o w l � � r o t a r t s i n m d a i � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � d n a y c n e t s i s n o c � f o k c a � l � e h T � S I C S U h t i � w � s w e i v r e t n i � m o r f � r a e l c � s i � t I � � n a � f o d e i f i t o n � s i � y l l a c i p y t � T I O e h T � (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) s t n u o c c A g n (cid:2) i l b a s i D � . n o i t a n m r e t i � � . i n o i t a n m r e t � r o t c a r t n o c � r o e e y o p l � � � d n a d e t u b i r t s i d � s i � , m r o f � e c n a r a e l c � � � s i s n o c � t o n e r a d e s u � s e r u d e c o r p e h T � � � u H � s a h c u s � , s e i t r a p � r e h t o y b d e n g i s � � � l � f o d e i f � r o � s r o s i v r e p u s � n e e w t e b � t n e t � � f o e c i f f � O e h t � d n a � s e c r u o s e R n a m � � r e v � s e e y o p m e l � l a r e d e f � r o f � d n a � , s e c i f � s i h T � � . ) I S O ( � y t i r g e t n I � � d n a y t i r u c e S � � t i x e e h t � s e m i t e m o S � � . s r o t c a r t n o c � s u s � � T I O e h t � o t � t i � s e k a m m r o f � e c n a r a e l c � � s ’ T I O e h T � � � . t o n � s e o d � t i � s e m i t e m o s � d n a � � y b � t l u c i f f i d e r o m n e v e e d a m � � � s i � k s a t � � w o n k o t � d e e n d u o w l � � t i � t a h t � t c a f � e h t � � m e n a � t a h t � � w o n k T I O e h t � s t e � l � m r o f � � g n i t r a p e d e h t � f o � r o s i v r e p u s � e h T � ) 2 � . i d e t a n m r e t � r o d e b a l � � � l � s i d e b d u o h s � s t n u o c c a � s ’ e e y o p l � � � y l t c e r i d T I O e h t � s t c a t n o c � e e y o p m e l � � m e n a g n w o i � l l o f � s t n u o c c a g n � i l b a � � t i x e n a d e � l l a c � , m r o f � d r a d n a t s � A � ) 1 � t n u o c c a e h t � t i � m r e p y a m � � s e r u d e c � � o r p d r a d n a t s � e h t � f o � s s e n e r a w a � i g n w o l l � o f � d e s u e b o t � r e d i s n � i � n a � f o � i e n � s i � s s e c o r p e g n i s � a � t a h t � l l � e n n o s r e p � s i d � r o f � d e w o l l � o f � r o n d o o t s r e d n u � r e h t � e e r h t � f o e n o n � � i � i n o i t a n m r e t � t n u o c c a � � : s y a w (cid:2) (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) � � i y a m n o i t a n m r e t � g n w o i l l o f � s k e e w � 0 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � d e z i r o h t u a n u � s w o l l � a y l l a i t n e t o p � t i � e r � s i � t s i l � s i h t � n e h W � � . s k e e w 2 y r e v e � � (cid:2) � � 2 n e v e � s t n u o c c a g n i t a n m r e T i � � � , e v i t c e f f e y l r i a f � s i � s s e c o r p � s i h t � h g u o h T � ” t s i l � n o i t i r t t a “ � n a � s e v i e c e r � T I O e h T � � � .

T I O e h t � � m r o f n i � l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I � � � . o t � s s e c c a � s a h � � � . e r u t r a p e d � t i � , d e v l o v n i � s i � r o t c a r t n o c � a n e h W � � ) 3 � � o t � R T O C e h t � f o y t i l i � b i s n o p s e r � e h t � s i � l a u d i v i d n i � � n a � s t n u o c c a h c i h w y l t c a x e � � l � s ’ e e y o p m e e h t � f o m e h t � s � m r o f n i � d n a (cid:2) s n o i t c e n n o C (cid:2) r o (cid:2) l e e y o p m E n o p U (cid:2) (cid:2) n o i t a n m r e T i (cid:2) � � s t r o f f e � s t i � l e u n i t n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U � . � d e t n e m l � e p m i � � l e b d u o h s � s t n u o c c a � i � n o c � a � s a d e t a n m r e t � s a w o h w e e y o p l � � � � m e n a � r o f � d e l i a f � s e r u d e c o r p e s e h t � � l a r e d e f � a � s a d e r i h � r e t a � l � d n a � r o t c a r t � � o r p n o i t a z i r o h t u a � t n u o c c a e s u a c e B � � . e e y o p m e l � � d r a d n a t s � r o f � r e d r o n � i � s O P L � f o � r e b � f I � � . d e w o l l � o f � e b o t � s e r u d e c o r p � e h t � g n i s u � s n o i t a z i n a g r o � l l a � t u o h g u o r h t � � � S I C S U e r i t n e e h t � s s o r c a � s O P L � , s � S C P I � � m u n e h t � e c u d e r � r o e z i l � a r t n e c � o t � d e z i d r a d n a t s � t o n e r a � s e r u d e c � � � � w o h n o d n e p e d n e t f o d e w o � � l l o f � s e r u d e c o r p d n a � s e i c i l � � o p e h T � � . e r u t a n i � s n o g e r � e v i t c e p s e r � r i e h t � n i � k r o w � s O P L � � y b d e z i l � � a r t n e c e d e r a d n a � s e c i f f o � r o (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I � � u a n u � t n e v e r p o t � h g u o n e e b � t o n � i � a n m r e t � g n w o i l l � o f � s k e e w 2 � r o f � s s e c c a � o t � e n o d � s i � k c e h c � l a u n a m a � , � d e v i e c � s A � � . y t i v i t c a � l a n m i � i r c � r o d e z i r o h t � � e h t � f o e r a w a � s i � R H � s a n o o s � � c o r p � l � a u n a m a � s i � s i h t � e s u a c e B � � . n o i t � � l e v a h o h w � s e e y o p m e � t a h t � e r u s n e � � c i t a m o t u a o n y l t n e r r u c � s i � � e r e h t � , s s e � e v a h � s k e e w 2 � t s a � l � e h t � n i � d e t r a p e d � e s e h t � g n i t e e d � f o m l � s i n a h c e m � � d e t a m o t u a e r o m a � , e g n a h c � � h c i h w n � i � e c n a t s n i � � n a d e t i c � l e n n o s r e p � S I C S U � � . s n e p p a h � t i � t a h t � e r u s n e o t � y a w � l . � d e t e e d � s s e c c a � t n u o c c a � r i e h t (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u H (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � a z i n a g r o o t � s s e c c a d e n a t e r � e s a b i � � � a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � � f o e v a e l � � a n o e � l i h w � s m e t s y s � n o i t � � f o e v a e l � � � l a n o e e y o p m e n a � r o f � s s e c c a � � � y b d e d i v o r p e s a c � e n o n � � I � � . e c n e s b a � d n e p s u s � o t � y a w � r e p o r p e h t � n � i � e c i t � o t � s s e c c a � t a h t � d e s u d n a e c n e s b a � � � i � s s e c c a d e n a t e r � e e y o p m e n a � , S I C S U l � � t i � m m o c � r o n o i t a m r o f n i � l a e t s � i g n e b � r e t f a n e v e � s � m e t s y s � l a c i t i r c � o t � a � t n e m e p m l i � l d u o h s � S I C S U � � . d u a r f � � f o e v a e l � i e v i t a r t s i n m d a n a n o d e c a p l � � � � � � n r e v o g a n e h w e n o d e b d u o h s l � � � � � r o t c a r t n o c � r o e e y o p m e � t n e m l � � t a h w y l t c a x e e n � � i l t u o o t � y c i l o p � n o c � , e c n e s b a � f o e v a e � l � � a n o � s e o g � . e c n e s b a � 1 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S � s i s n o c � d n a � , d e t c u r t s n i � , d e h s i l b u p i � a n m r e t � e e y o p m e g n w o l i � l l o f � n o i t e e d l � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � w e f � A � . d e c r o f n e y l t n e t � � � c a r p � r o e c n a d u g i � l a i c i f f o o n � s i � � e r e h � T � � � . n o i t � � � l e b d u o h s � s e r u d e c o r p d r a d n a t s � � l � t n u o c c a d e d n a h e v a h y e h t � � � w o h n � i � l . e c i f f o � r a u c i t r a p � t a h t � , d e h s i l � p m o c c a e b � t o n n a c � s i h t � t n e t s i s n o c � n e e b � t o n e v a h e s i r p r e t n e � � � n i � y l l � � a c i r o t s i h e n o d n e e b e v a h � s g n h t i � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) | T R E C � (cid:2) (cid:2) s e c n e s b A (cid:2) f o e v a e L (cid:2) (cid:2) s t n u o c c A g n (cid:2) i l (cid:2) b a s i D (cid:2) s n o i t c e n n o C (cid:2) r o (cid:2) l e e y o p m E g n i r u D (cid:2) � � . s s e c c a m e t s y s � g n w o i l l a � f o (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � s t i f e n e b � s u s r e v � s k s i r � e h t � g n i r e d i s (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � � d n a d e t n e m u c o d y l l � u f e r a c � e b � � � c a e s e h t � f o e c n e t s i x e e h t � t u o b a � � r a w � r e g n o l � � � o n p u o r g d e t c i r t s e r . � d e m u s s a � n a c � s l a i t n e d e r c � t a h t � o s � d e k c a r t � � s a h n o i t a c i f i t s u � j � s s e n i s u b e h t � , s t n u o c � � t a h t � n i � e n o e m o s � f i � d e g n a h c � e b � � i g n e b k s i r � e h t � r e v o e c n e d e c e r p n e k a t � � � � � � � l d u o h s � s t n u o c c a e s e h t � o t � s s e c c A � d e s s e r p x e n e e b � s a h n r e c n o c � h g u o h t l A � � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I � � � . s s e c c a � s t n a r � � n � � i I � � . T R E C y b d e n m a x e � s e s a c � t a e r h t � r e d i s n i � � � � � l d e z i r o h t u a n e e b e v a h � t o n d u o w e s i w r e h t o y e h t � n o i t a m r o f n � � i � d n a � s m e t s y s � o t � s s e c c a n a g o t � s e g e i � � � � l l i v i r p e v i s s e c x e � t i o p x e o t � e b a n e e b e v a h � s r e d i s l � � � i n a g r O � � . k r o w t e n � l a n r e t n � � � i i � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o n a k c a t t a o t � n o i t a n m r e t � r e t f a � s s e c c a e t o m e r � e s u o t � n w o n k n e e b e v a h � s r e d i s n � � � � i � , y l l a n o i t i d d A � � . s s e c c a o t � � l d u o c � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e S I C S U � n o n l � � , e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � � . S . U e h t � d n a � , E C � � I I � , S C P a i v n o i t a z i r o h t u a � s s e c c a � f o e r u t a n d e t u b i r t s i d e h t � n e v i G � � � � e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � � .

S . U e h t � h g u o r h t � s s e c c a d e t n a r g e s o h t � � � l y l r a u c i t r a p � , s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e S I C S U l � � i � f o d e r i u q e r � g n n e e r c s � t n e m y o p m e e r p l � , s m e t s y s � d n a a t a d S I C S U � � � l � a c i t i r c � e h t � f o n o i t c e t o r p e h t � o t � e s o p � s r e d i s n � i � e s e h t � k s i r � e h t � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � . s a e s r e v o � s e i s s a b m e m o r f � s s e c c a � r o f � � � s u o r o g i r � e h t � h g u o r h t � n e e b � t o n e v a h � s r o t c a r t n o c � d n a � s e e y o p m e S I C S U � n o n e h t � t a h t � e b i s s o p � s i � t I � � . s l l � � m e t s y s � l a c i t i r c � � S I C S U o t � s s e c c a d e t n a r g e b � � � r o p m i � y l e m e r t x e � s i � � y t i v i t c a k r o w t e n � f o g n i r o t i n o M � � � . s s e c c a � l a n r e t x e � r o f � d e b a n e � s i � l i g n g g o l � � � d n a g n i r o t i n o m k r o w t e n � t a h t � e r u s n e d u o h s � s n o i t a z l � � � . � i n o i t a n m r e t � d n a n o i t a n g i s e r � e e y o p m e n e e w t e b d o i r e p e h t � n l � � � i � y l l a i c e p s e � , t n a t � 2 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � . e s u a c � t h g m i � s r e d i s n i � e s e h t � t a h t � e g a m a d e h t � t i � m i l � o t � s m � s i n a h c e m n o i t c e t o r p � t n e m e p m l i � d n a � � e h t � f o y n a m n � i � e m e h t � n o m m o c � a � s a w � s m s i n a h c e m � l o r t n o c � s s e c c a � t n e i c i f f u s � f o k c a � l � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g r o n A � (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) t n u o c c A g n i r a h S (cid:2) (cid:3) n I (cid:2) d r o w s s a P d n a (cid:2) (cid:2) n o i t a m r o f (cid:2) l o r t n o C (cid:2) s s e c c (cid:2) A � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � S I C S U � r o f � s r e t u p m o c � l � � l d e u n i t n o c � e b d u o h s � e c i t c a r p e h T � � n i � � o t � d e d e e n � s a d e d n a p x e d n a � � � n o s r e p S I C S U � t n a v e e r � l l l � a m r o f � . l e n � � i � n u � r e t t e b a n a g d u o h s � S I C S U l � � e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � � . S . U e h t � e s u a c e B � � . y t i v i t � � � S I C S U o t � s s e c c a e r i u q e r � s N S F n e h W � � t r a p e D � � � .

S . U e h t � f o g n d n a t s r e d i � � � , s s e c o r p g n i t t e v e h t � g n m r o f r e p � s i i l � s e t a u s n o c � d n a � s e i s s a b m e n � i � s m e t s y s � s t n e m e r i u q e r � n w o � s t i � y f i r a l c � d n a � � s s e c o r p g n i t t e v � s ’ e t a t S � f o � t n e m � � s s e c c a g n i k c a r t � d n a g n i t n a r g � r o f � � f I � � . s m e t s y s � S I C S U o t � s N S F � r o f � � e h t � , d e r i u q e r � s i � s s e c c a d e u n i t n o c � � d n a � t n e m u c o d o t � s e r u d e c o r p � � � l e b d u o h s � s s e c c a � t a h t � l o r t n o c � r e h t e h w l � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U � . d e c r o f n e y l t n e t � � � � s i s n o c � d n a e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p � e D � � . S . U e h t � h t i � w d e t a i t o g e n � � s i d o t � y t i l i � b a e h t � s t n a w � t i � t o n � r o � � i g n g a g n e e r a � s N S F � s e s s e c c a d n a � � e t a r o p r o c n i � l d u o h s � t i � , o s � f I � � . n i � s e i t i v i t c a e n � i l n o � t a h w h s i u g n i t � � l i a m � E � i � � . s N S F o t � g n g n o e b � s t n u o c c a l � � i e v i t a r t s i n m d a e v a h � s N S F � , s e s a c � e m o s � n i � , t a h t � d e t a t s � s e e w e i v r e t n I � � . s k r o w � � t e n d n a � s m e t s y s � S I C S U o t � s s e c c a � � � s N S F g n i t n a r g � r o f � s s e c o r p e h t � o t n � i � y t i � . e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � l i b i s i v � r o � l o r t n o c � e l t t i l � y r e v � s a h S I C S U � � � � .

S . U e h t � y b d e t t e v � e r a y e h t � , � d a o r b a � , t a h t � d n a � s m e t s y s � e m o s � r e v o � l o r t n o c � � s r e c i f f o y t i r u c e s � m e t s y s � n o i t a m r o f n i � n i t s i d � t o n � s i � t n u o c c a N S F n a e s u a c e B � � � � t i � , s t n u o c c a � r e h t o m o r f � e b a h s i u g l � � . ) s O S S I ( � � � o s s a o t � t l u c i f f i d y l e m e r t x e e b d u o w l � � � � � s a g n i v r e s � e r a y e h t � , s e s a c � r e h t o n � i � h t i w � s e i t i v i t c a e n � i l n o � c i f i c e p s � e t a i c � � � e n o m o r f � t n u o c c a N S F n a h s i u g n i t s i d � � � . � n e z i t i c � . S . U a o t � g n g n o e b i l � � � � o t � y a w o n o t � e l t t i l � s i � e r e h t � , d e t a e r c � s i � t n u o c c a � r e s u � l a n o i t i d a r t � a e c n O � � 3 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � s a w m a e t � t n e m � s s e s s a e h t � h g u o h t l A � s i h t � o t n i � y t i l i b i s i v d e t i � m � i l � t e g o t � e b a l � h t i � w d e n g i l � a e b o t � s � m e e s � t i � , e c i t c a r p � � S I C S U n e v i g � s a h � t i � , e u r t � f I � � . y c i l � o p e h t � c a � s i h t � o t n i � y t i l i b i s i v � r e t t e b S H D d n a � � � l � � a n o i t a N e c i v r e S n g e r o F a � , y l t n e r r u C i � � � s y s � S I C S U o t � s s e c c a g n i r i u q e r � ) � N S F ( � � i a g n d u l c n i � , k r o w r e p a p � s t i m b u s � s m e t � � � r o t c e r i d S I C S U e h t � h g u o r h t � , r e v i a w � .

S H D � � � � f o O S C d n a O C e h t � d n a I � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:3) n I (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a y t i r u c e S (cid:2) f o e c i f f (cid:2) (cid:2) O (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) y t i r g e t (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) s e c r u o s e R n a m u (cid:2) H (cid:2) (cid:2) y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l e n n o s r e (cid:2) P (cid:3) n I (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a y t i r u c e S (cid:2) f o e c i f f (cid:2) (cid:2) O (cid:2) y t i r g e t (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:3) (cid:2) (cid:2) l o r t n o C (cid:2) s s e c c A (cid:2) (cid:2) e c i v r e S n g i e r o F (cid:2) (cid:2) s l a n o i t a N (cid:2) (cid:2) � � c o r p � t n e t s i s n o c � f o k c a � l � , f f a t s � T I O y b � s � m e t s y s � l a c i t i r c � e m o s � o t � s s e c c a d e t c i r t s e r n u e d u l c n � � i � � l d e r e d i s n o c � e b d u o h s � t a h t � s e u s s i � l o r t n o c � s s e c c a � r e h t O � a n o s r e p e s u o t � � � y t i l i b a � , S I C S U n h t i i � w � � t x e n e h t � o t � t n e m � � � t r a p e d e n o m o r f � e v o m y e h t � s a � s s e c c a e e y o p m e g n g a n a m i l � � � r o f � s e s s e � � . s n o i t c n u f � n o i t a r t s i n m d a m e t s y s � l i � a c i t i r c � e m o s � r o f � s l o r t n o c � d n a g n i r o t i n o m � � � f o k c a l � d n a � , k r o w (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � N S F � t o n � r o � r e h t e h w � t u o b a n o i t � � e b � l l i w � t i � , e c a p n l � i � e r a � s t n e m e e r g a � , t e N e n O d e � l l a c � t e n a r t n i � e r u c e s � � � t n e r e f f i d y n a e b d u o h s � s s e c c a l � � o t � s N S F � r o f � s s e c c a � t c i r t s e r � o t � r e d r a h � n o i t a m r o f n i � l e b a n e � r e t t e b � l l i � w h c i h w (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � s e r u d e c o r p e h t � o t n � i � s p e t s � e s o h t � � . e v o b a d e n o i t n e m � � i � a n m r e t e d a e k a m d u o h s � S I C S U l � � � l � a o i v d n a e m a s � e h t � r a e p p a � s e s s e r d d a � � � l e b y l i s a e � t o n d u o w � s e i t i v i t c a n o i t � � . � � N S F n a o t � d e t u b i r t t a � n o i t c e n n o c r e t n i � e t a i r p o r p p a e h t � e c n O � � � � a g n d i l i u b � f o � s s e c o r p e h t � n � i � s i � S H D (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) � � f o � s t n u o c c a � r a l i m i s � , r e h t o m o r f � l � t a h t � , e b a t p e c c a n u � s i � s n o i t c i r t s � e r � f o k c a � l � e h t � f I � � . s n e z i t i c � . S . U � � S H D o t � t h g u o r b e b d u o h s � e u s s i l � � � m l i � r o f � e b i s n o p s e r � l e n n o s r e p � . l n o i t u o s � t e N e n O e h t � g n i t n e m e p l � � � t n e m u c o d y l l � l u f e r a c � d u o h s � S I C S U � i . ) t n o P e r a h S � , . g . e ( � s m e t s y s � c i f i c e p s � r e t n � l i � y b d e b a n e e b � � l l i w j � t c e o r p � s i h T � � . s t n e n o p m o c � S H D g n o m a g n i r a h s � � � c n u f � o t � s e c r u o s e r � d e r a h s � e s e h t � r o F � e r � d n a � s s e c o r p � s s e n i s u b e r a e r e h T � � � n e e w t e b � s t n e m e e r g a n o i t c e n n o c � � . s t n e m g e s � � i o t � d e t n a r g g n e b � s i � s s e c c a � t a h w � l u f e r a c � e r i u q e r � y e h t � , y l r e p o r p n o i t � � d n a � , � 3 S M A L C I � , S C P I � , . g . e ( � s e c r u o s � f I � � . S I C S U o t � l � a n r e t x e � s e i t r a p y n a � � e k a t � t o n � s e o d h c i h w � � , n o i t a n d r o o c i � � .

E C I � h t i � w d e r a h s � e r a � t a h t � ) 4 S M A L C I � � h t i � � w e n o d e b d u o h s � t i � , l � d e r i u q � l � a m r o f � e h t � f o y p o c � a e v i e c e r � t o n � s e o d � i l � e b � s p h s n o i t a e r � t n e r r u c � d n a � t s a p � f o � s t n e m t r a p e d � t n a v e e r � e h t l � r o f � E C I � o t � d e t t i m b u s � t s e u q e r � s s e c c a � . S H D n h t i i � w � s t n e m t r a p e d n e e w � t � e r � s i � i n o i t a n d r o o c � l a n o i t i d d a � S I C S U l � , e p m a x e � r o F � � . s e s a c � l l � a n i � e c a p l � e h t � f o � t c a f i t r a n a � s i � � i p h s r e n t r a p � s i h T � . S H D � � � S I C S U a � s s e c c a o t � e e y o p m e E C l � I � n a � � s s e c c a y r o t a d n a m a g n i c r o f n E � � � � e h t � o t � s e r e h d a y l e s o l c � e c i t c a r p � s i h T � . m e t s y s � � , s m e t s y s � n o i t a m r o f n i � i n a t r e c � r o F (cid:2) (cid:2) s l o r t n o c (cid:2) s s e c c A (cid:2) (cid:2) � s y s � g n i s u � t o n � s i � r e d i s n i � s u o i c i l a m � � a � t a h t � e r u s n e p e h y a m d o i r e p l � � � e h t � f o � ) 9 2 ( � t n e c r e p � t h g E i � � . d e n e � s s e l � s i � n o i s i v r e p u s � n e h w � s m e t � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � � e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � . s m e t s y s � c i f i c e p s � r o f � y c i l o p � � r e p � t o n e r a � s n g o i l � e t o m e r � d n a � l a c o l � � � 0 3 : 1 1 � f o � s r u o h e h t � n e e w t e b d e t t i � m � . � m . a 0 0 : 6 d n a � . � m p . � 4 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � e p a � r e v o d n a � s t n e v e � r e h t o h t i � w � l n o i t a e r r o c � e d u l c n i � o t � , e s n o p s � e h t � o t n i � e c i t c a r p � s i h t � g n i t n e m � e r � t n e d i c n � i � f o m e t s y s � r e g r a l � r e h t o � f o � t r a p � t o n � s i � d n a � s m e t s y s � l l a � � � � . s e r u d e c o r p e s n o p s e r � t n e d i c n i � � � f f o g n i r u d m e t s y s � d e t c i r t s e r � a o t n � i � l i a m � e � c i t a m o t u a n a � , s r u o h k a e p � � � � s n o s r e p o t � T I O e h t � y b � t n e s � s i � � e c i t o n � t n e m e g a n a m l � s ’ e e y o p m e e h t � n � i � . e m � i t � f o d o i r . � d n a m m o c � f o n a h c i � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � l � a m r o n � f o e d i s t u o � s s e c c a d e s u � � � r i e h t � t u o y r r a c � o t � s r u o h g n i k r o w � � . s e i t i v i t c a � t i c i l l i � l � e p m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � s s o r c a � t n e t s i s n o c � t o n � s i � e c i t c a r p � s i h T � g o l � � o t � s t p m e t t a e e y o p m e n a n e h W l � � (cid:2) (cid:2) � i � i n m e h t � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � l � s s e c c a � c i n o r t c e e e h t � f o n o i t c n u f � a � s A � � � e c i v r e S e h t � f o � t u o y a l � l � a c i s y h p e h t � d n a � T I O � � , r e t n e C e c i v r e S � t n o m r e V e h t � t A � � e t a � l � t n e s e r p � s e n o y l n o e h t � e r a � f f a t s � � o t � s s e c c a e v a h � � l e n n o s r e p T I O � � , r e t n e C � y e h t � , s e i t u d � r i e h t � f o � t r a p � s A � � . t h g n � t a i (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) l a r e n e G (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) – (cid:2) s e g e l i v i r P (cid:2) s s e c c A � o t � l e n n o s r e p � l l a � r o f � d e d e e n � ) e g e l � r i h T � � . s e i t u d b o � j � r i e h t � h s i l p m o c c a � s r e d i s n i � e h t � f o � ) 9 4 ( � t n e c r e p n e e t � � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � � � l a d e t a o i v e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � � � e p r e p o t � r e d r o n � i � � w o n k o t � d e e n � i g n d u l c n i � , s e m i r c � r i e h t � e t a r t � i v i r p � t s a e l ( � s s e c c a � f o � l e v e l � m u m � n i � y r a t e i r p o r p d n a � I I � � P g n i l a e t s � l a r e v e s � , n o i t i d d a n � I � � . n o i t a m r o f � s e m i r c � r i e h t � d e t t i m m o c � s r e d i s n i � i � , t f i h s � t h g n e h t � n o g n i k r o w e � � l i h w � � d e c u d e r � a d e y o n e y e h t � e r e h w j � � o t � s s e c c a � l � a c i s y h p d n a � c i n o r t c e e l � s � m e t s y s � d n a a t a d k s i r � h g h h c u s i � � � � s r u o h g n i k r o w � l a m r o n � f o e d i s t u o � � � o t � k s i r � f o e e r g e d h g h a � s t n e s e r p i � � � d e t c i r t s e r n U � � . y n i t u r c s � f o � l e v e l � s e l i f � l a c i s y h p e h t � s a � � l l � e w � s a 3 S M A L C I � e h t � o t � s s e c c a � c i n o r t c e e e v a h o s l a l � � � . g n d i l i � u b e h t � n i � 5 8 | E T U T T S N I I . � m e t s y s � n o i t a m r o f n i � 3 S M A L C I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � � . S I C S U (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � e l i � h w � s s e c c a d e z i r o h t u a n u � t n e v � e r u s n e o t � ) s l l � a w e r i f � , . g . e ( � s d o h t e m � t n e m t r a p e D � � .

S . U e h t � s s e c c a � t a h w � s y s � s t i � � n o � s N S F o t � s t n a r g e t a t S � f o � � o t � e u n i t n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � , s m e t � i e n m r e t e d � t o n n a c � S I C S U e c n S i � � � e r p o t � s e r u s a e m � l a c i n h c e t � e s u � l k r o w t e n � s r i a f f A � r a u s n o C e h t � n o � s N S F � � s � m r a � r o f � g n i k r o w e b o t � d e t c e p s u s � e r a � � e m o s � , e e w e i v r e t n i � � e n o o t � g n d r o c c A i � � u s n o C e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � . S . U e h T � � � o t � s s e c c a � s t n a r g k r o w t e n � s r i a f f A � r a l � n o c � d n a � s e i s s a b m e n � i � g n i k r o w � s N S F � l a c i n h c e t � d e s u � s a h S I C S U � � � . s e i c n e g a � . s m e t � y t i r u c e s � r o e c n e g � i l l e t n i � i n g e r o f � f o � � s y s � S I C S U o t � s t c e n n o c � t i � d n a � s e t a u s l � e c n e g i l l e t n i r e t n u o c � h t i � w g n i k r o w � d e t c e p s u s � h t i w � l a e d o t � l � e n n o s r e p � � d n u o r a g n i k r o w � s t n e g a n g e r o f i � � � � . s e i t i l i c a f � t n e m n r e v o g � .

S . U � a n a � s e s a c � e h t � n i � s r e d i s n i � w e f � � A � e h t � h t i w � s n o i t c e n n o c r e t n � i � y n a m o r f � d e t c e t o r p e r a � s � m e t s y s � S I C S U � t a h t � . s k r o w t e n � s ’ e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � . S . U � t i � s e k a m e r u � l i � i a f � f o � t n o p e g n i s � s i h T l � � � e h t � s a h o h w n o s r e p e g n i s � a � s i � l � e r e h T (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:3) n I (cid:2) (cid:2) d n a y t i r u c e S (cid:2) f o e c i f f (cid:2) (cid:2) O (cid:2) y t i r g e t (cid:2) (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) – (cid:2) s e g e l i v i r P (cid:2) s s e c c A � � a z i n a g r o e h t � o t � s s e c c a d e k o v e r � � . l m e t s y s � r a u c i t r a p � s i h t � n o � t c a � s m e t s y s � l i a m e c i o v � e h t � g n i r e t s i n m d a i � n u � r i e h t � d e s u T R E C y b d e z y l � � � � s u o i c i l � � a m a m o r f � r e v o c e r � o t � t l u c i f f i d � r o f � y t i l i b i s n o p s e r � d n a � f o e g d e w o n k l � � 6 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C i (cid:3) s i n m d A m e t s y S (cid:2) (cid:2) r o t a r t � � e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � h t i � w g n i r e p m a t � t n e v e r p o t � s e c n a � � n a m � t i � t a h t � e r u s n e d u o h s � S I C S � U l � � � r o f � s d r o w s s a p d n a � s t n u o c c a � s e g a � e c i o v � s a h c u s � s � m e t s y s � l a n r e t n i � . m e t s y s � l i a m e c i o v e h t � � c a � l a n r e t x e � s a � l l e w � s a � , l i a m � d e t n e m u c o d � r e d i s n i � e n O � � . s t n u o c � � l a b d n a � s k c e h c � l i a m n m i � , t s a e l � m i � o t � S I C S U w o � l l � l a d u o w � s i h T � � a r a p e s � f o m r o f � e m o s � t n e m e p l � � y r e v e h t � t a � r o � , s e i t u d � f o n o i t � � � . m e t s y s � l i � a m e c i o v S I C S U e h t � r o f � � n a n � I � � . e t i s � e n o h p � c i h p a r g o n r o p � � e r � e r e w n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � t u o b a � � s t n e m m o c � y r o t a g o r e d � , r e h t o � y r e v e � r o f � d e y a p d n a d e d r o c l � � � � . x o b l i � a m e c i o v i � s r o t a r t s i n m d a � f o e o r � e h t � n l � i � f f a t s � l � l a n o i t i d d a e c a p d u o h s � S I C S � U l � � � a o t � d e t c e r i d e r � s a w m e t s y s � l i � a m � e h t � m r a h o t � � m e t s y s � e n o h p � s ’ n o i t � e h t � , e s a c � e n o n � I � � . n o i t a z i n a g r o � � e c i o v e c i v r e s � r e m o t s u c � e r i t n e � .

S I C S U � r o f (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � i n a m o d e h t � d e g n a h c � e s a b a t a d � r o � s i h � r o f � y r t s i g e r � m e t s y s � e m a n � i s i v � t a h t � o s � e t i s b e w � s ’ n o i t a z i n a g � � � c i h p a r g o n r o p a o t � t n e s � e r e w � s r o t � 7 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � d i s n i � e h t � f o � ) 6 2 ( � t n e c r e p n e v e S � � n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e � � � e r e w e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s � � f o e s u a c e b � t r a p n � i � k c a t t a o t � e b a l � � � r e t x e � f o g n i r o t i n o m � t n e i c i f f u s n i � � � � � � � � � . s s e c c a � l a n � l e b i s s o p � s i � t I � � . s s e c c a � t a h t � l o r t n o c � t o n � � r e p a h t i � w l � t c e n n o c � d u o c � r e s u a � t a h t � � . t i � d e w o l l � a S H D � f i � i e n h c a m � l a n o s � s i � , d n a h � r e h t o e h t � n o � � , s s e c c a e t o m e � R � � � . C O N S e h t � � o t � s s e c c a � s a h S I C S U � � � � . S H D y b d e d n a h l � � � � � � � � � � � � � � c a e t o m e r � a h t i � � w d e t c e n n o c � e b � . t n u o c � � 8 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � i g n d u l c n i � , n o i t a m r o f n i � d e t i m i l � y r e v � e b � s n o i t c e n n o c � e t o m e r � r o f � , s g o l � h t i l w � s n o i t a u p i t s � t c a r t n o c � f o e s u a c � � e r � m a e t � t n e m s s e s s a e h T � � � . t n i r p S � i i � t u o b a � s n o n p o g n i t c i l f n o c � d e v i e c � l d u o c � e n h c a m i � l � a n o s r e p a � r e h t e h w � � . a t a d d n a � s � m e t s y s � S I C S U g n i s s e c � � s e o d � t i � � e s u a c e b d e k c o b e b d u o w l l � � � t i � h t i � i w e t a n d r o o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � t a h t � e r u s n e o t � l � e n n o s r e p S H D � � s e i c i l � o p y t i r u c e s � S I C S U d e r i s e d � � c a � l e n n o s r e p � r o f � d e c r o f n e e r a � � � � e t o m e r � a a i v k r o w t e n S I C S U a o t � p o t � � � � i e n h c a m � l � � a n o s r e p a g n i t c e n n o c � m o r f � t n e d i f n o c � t o n � s a w C O N S e h t � , � � d e k c o b l � � l y b d e d n a h � s i � m s i n a h c e m y t i r u c e s � � e b � t o n y a m � � � � r o y a m n o i t c e n n o c � s i h T � � � . k r o w t e n S I C S U a o t � y l t c e r i d � � � p a l � l � � a n o s r e p a g n i t c e n n o c � h g u o h t l A � � l � r e s u a � t n e v e r p d u o w y t i r u c e s � t r o P � � d n a � , y l t n e u q e r f n � i � y r e v d e s u e r a � � l a m r o f � n i � d e d u l c n � i � t o n n e t f o e r a � � � � . s e r u d e c o r p n o i t a n m r e t i � � � s t n u o c c a � f o � s e p y t � e s e h T � � . e t i s b e w (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) (cid:3) a r e p O k r o w t e N y t i r u c e (cid:2) S (cid:2) (cid:2) r e t n e C (cid:2) s n o i t (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) f o (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M (cid:2) (cid:2) s s e c c A e t o m e R � (cid:2) � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � d e t n e v e r p e v a h � t h g m i � s e r u s a e m � . s e c n a t s n i � e s o h t � f o y n a m � � r e p o r p � ; s m e t s y s � n o i t a z i n a g r o � � . s i n n e t S � t a d e s u e b � � � l l i w � s l o r t n o c � t a h w � � e h t � d e s u e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m � o t n � i � s h t a p n w o n k n u � f o n o i t a e r c � � � d e s u e b � t o n � l l i w � t i � d n a � s s a p e r i F g n i s u � � � � s i n n e t S o t � e d a m � s i � � e v o m e h t � e c n o � � f o e r u s n u e r a y e h T � � � � . r e t n e C e c a p S � � � � � � � 9 8 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � l n o i t u o s � s s a p e r i F a g n i t n e m e p m l � � � I � l S I V � r o f � e b i s n o p s e r � s r o t c a r t n o c � e h T (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U � i e n m a x e � t s a e � l l � t a d u o h s � t n e m e g a � n e � f o � l a o g � s t i � h s i l � p m o c c a o t � s r a e p p a � l � a c i t i r c � t s o m e h t � o t � d e s o p k s i r � e h t � � l � e n n o s r e p � r e p o r p e h t � y l n o � t a h t � g n i r u s � t a h t � e s o h t � r o f � n o i t u o s � e k i l � s s a p l � y e h t � e c n o � s n o i t c a d e z i r o h t u a m r o f � � � � e r i F a � t n e m e p m l i � d n a � s m e t s y s � � r e p y e h t � t a h t � d n a � s s e c c a d e t n a r g e r a � � � d e t a t s � s A � � � . s s e c c a e t o m e r � e r i u q e r � y e h t � , y l e t a n u t r o f n U � � . d e t c e n n o c � e r a � u c o d � s r e d i s n i � n e t � n i � e n o � , e v o b a � m e t s y s � d n a � s r o t c a r t n o c � y l n o e h t � e r a � � t o n � t h g m i � s m e t s y s � S I C S U � l l a � r o f � s s e c c a � t c i r t s � a d e t n e m e p m l � i � e v a h � � n a m S I C S U � � . e v i t c e f f e � t s o c � e b � t i � d n a � s s a p e r i F h t i � � w n o i t u o s � l l o r t n o c � � � � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � s r e d i s n i � f o � ) 9 3 ( � t n e c r e p n e T � � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) � (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) � � � � � � � � o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � � d a k o o t � e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � � � i � a r t s i n m d a e v a h y l i r a s s e c e n � t o n � s e o d � n i � s m e t s y s � e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � . S .

U � s s e c c a � t n e i c i f f u s n � i � f o e g a t n a v � n i � e n O � � . s m e t s y s � S I C S U n o � s t h g i r � r o t � � � . l d a o r b a � s e t a u s n o c � r o � s e i s s a b m e i � r o t a r t s i n m d a m e t s y s � a � s i � � � o h w N S F n A � � s N S F � , e e w e i v r e t n i � � e n o o t � g n d r o c c A i � s m e t s y s � e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � . S . U � r o f � e m o s � n o � s r o t a r t s i n m d a m e t s y s � e r a i � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) � s n o i t c e n n o c � e s o h t � w o h � s a � l l e w � s a i � , s r o t a r t s i n m d a m e t s y s � e t a t S � f o � � y e h T � � . d e g g o � l � r o d e r o t i n o m e r a � � � i d e z i r o h t u a n u n a g o t � s c i t c a t � g n i r e e n � � . s m e t s y s � S I C S U o t � s s e c c a � � i g n e � l a i c o s � e s u � r o � s e g e � l i v i r p e t a a c l � . s e i t u d � r i e h t � f o e c n a m r o f r e p � � t n e m t r a p e D � . S .

U � r o f � s s e c c a m e t � � l � s e d u o c � y r t n u o c � n g e r o f � a � f o n e z i t i c i � � e h t � r o f � d e d e e n � s m e t s y s � S I C S U e m o s � � � . s e m i r c � r i e h t � t c u d n o c � o t � s l o r t n o c � i � s y s � S I C S U e n m a x e d u o h s � S I C S U l � � w o h � , n r e c n o c � d e s s e r p x e e e w e i v r e t � � a � s i � o h w i � r o t a r t s i n m d a n a � t a h t � , r e v e � � � o t � s N S F e m o s � r o f � s s e c c a d e z i r o h t u a � � � s a h e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � . S . U e h T � (cid:2) s t n u o c c A � � . S .

U e h t � h t i � � w k r o w o s l a d u o h s l � � � r e d n u o t � e t a t S � f o � t n e m t r a p e D � g n i t n a r g � r o f � s e s s e c o r p � s t i � d n a t s � t n e m t r a p e D � � . S . U o t � s s e c c a � s N S F � � � � � � . s m e t s y s � e t a t S � f o � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) (cid:2) � 0 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) (cid:3) d A m e t s y S (cid:3) n o N (cid:2) h t i W (cid:2) s r o t a r t s i n m i (cid:2) (cid:2) s s e c c A d e z i r o h t u A (cid:2) r o t a r t s i n m d A o t i (cid:2) (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) � � i n o g e r � a o t � r e f s n a r t � e � l i f � a d e t s e u q � e r e w � s e l i f � e s o h w � l a u d i v i d n i � n a � r o f � � e d y l s u o i v e r p n e e b d a h � s � � m r o f � � � e s o h w d n a n o g e r � r e h t o n a n i � i � . d e n i � � e r � r e d i s n i � e h t � , e s a c � S I C S U e n o � � � t a h t � g n i s s e c c a e b � t o n d u o h s � y e h t � f i l � � . e l i f � 1 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � . ) S T F N ( � m e t s y S � s l o r t n o c � l a c i g o l � � l e b d u o h s � e r e h T � t s e u q e r � n o d e c a p � s t i l � � m i l � f o k c a � l � e h T � � n o � s t i m i l � � o n y l t n e r r u c � e r a e r e h T � (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U i � s u s � r o � ” y r a n d r o a r t x e “ � t c e t e d o t � j � i d u d a w o � l l � � a y a m S T F N n � i � s e l i f � A g n � i � e r � n a c � r o t a c i d u d a n a � s e j � � l i f � A h c i h w (cid:2) � n I � � . s t s e u q e r � r e f s n a r t � e l i f � s u o i c i p � � n e v e e m a n y b e � � l i f � a � t s e u q e r � o t � s r o t a c � g n i k c a r T e � l i F � l a n o i t a N e h t � n � i � t s e u q (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) � � � r e d i s n i � e h t � g n i t a g i t i � m o t � l a c i t i r c � s i � ) y r a t e i r p o r p � r o � , d e i f i s s a l c n u � t u b e v i t i s n e s � , � d e i f i s s a l c � s i � t a h t � n o i t a m r o f n i � , . e . i ( � n o i t a m r o f n i � d e l l o r t n o c � g n i t c e t o r P (cid:2) n o i t a m r o f n I (cid:2) d e l l (cid:2) o r t n o C (cid:2) f o n o i t c e t o r P � l � s e e y o p m e � t a h t � e r u s n e � t s u m � s n o i t a z i n a g r O � � . s r o t a r i p s n o c � r o � s r o t i t e p m o c � o t � n o i t a m r o f n i � e v i t i s n e s � e t a c i n u m m o c � o t � r o � s k c a t t a � r i e h t � n a p o t � l i l � a m e � e c n a i l � p m o c � e c r o f n e d n a � , s t e s s a n o i t a m r o f n � i � i g n d u l c n i � , s e c r u o s e r � � � l y n a p m o c � f o e s u e b a t p e c c a � s e t u t i t s n o c � t a h w g n d r a g e r � s e i c i l i � � o p d n a t s r e d n u � d e s u � s r e d i s n i � s u o i c i l a m � , s e c n a t s n i � e m o s � n I � � . s e c i v e d e g a r o t s � l � � � i l a n r e t x e � r o a d e m e b a t r o p o t � n o i t a m r o f n � � � l i � f o d a o n w o d d e z i r o h t u a n u e h t � h g u o r h t � � � � k c a t t a n a � t u o d e i r r a c � s r e d i s n i � h c i h w n � i � s e c n a t s � � l m u c r i c � d e a e v e r � T R E C y b d e d u t s � s e s a c � t a e r h t � r e d i s n i � i � f o y t e i r a v � A � � . s n o i t a z i n a g r o o t � k s i r � t a e r h t � � � � � r o n a n o � s t c e f f e g n i t a t s a v e d e v a h n a c � s r e d i s n � � i � s u o i c i l � � a m y b n o i t a m r o f n i � d e l l � o r t n o c � f o n o i t a r t l i f x e d e z i r o h t u a n u e h T � � � � . s n a e m � l a c i n h c e t � h g u o r h t � g n i t a g i t i � m o t � l a c i t i r c � s i � ) y r a t e i r p o r p � r o � , d e i f i s s a l c n u � t u b e v i t i s n e s � , � d e i f i s s a l c � s i � t a h t � n o i t a m r o f n i � , . e . i ( � n o i t a m r o f n i � d e l l o r t n o c � g n i t c e t o r P � � . n o i t a z i n a g � � � � . s n o i t a z i n a g r o o t � k s i r � t a e r h t � r e d i s n i � e h t � � d e l l � � � � l o r t n o c � t c e t o r p p e h y a m � c i f f a r t � k r o w t e n g n i r o t i n o m h g u o h T � � � � . ) l o c o t o r p � r o � t r o p y b � � � , . g . e ( � c i f f a r t � f o e p y t � r o e m u o v � l l � a t o t � y b � r e h t i e � , c i f f a r t � k r o w , � n o i t a m r o f n i � t e n n � i � e s a e r c n � � l l i � s u o a m o n a n a � r o d e d a o n w o d a t a d � f o � s t n u o m a e g r a � � l � t c e t e d d u o w l � i � t a h t � s e g e t a r t s � g n i r o t i n o m k r o w t e n d e t n e m e p m l � � � i � s a h S I C S U � � � � � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � � � � � � (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � 2 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � (cid:2) i a d e M (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) l o t (cid:2) d a o n w o D a t a D (cid:2) � � � (cid:2) � s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � p o o w � t � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S � U l � � � c n u f � � � � i i � � . s m o r m f � d e e t s t i y b s � h S o I C r S p y U n e h d T e t i b h o r p e r a y e h t � t a h t � t c a f g n n o i t a c i n h c e t l l i � i � � � � � l e b d u o c � s e c i v e d e s e h t � , � d e k c a r t 1 � � � : s n o i t � � � � y l e t a i r p o r p p a e r a � t a h t � s e c n a t s � n i � d e z i r o h t u a � r o f � t p e c x E � ) 1 � � � (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) � � � (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) � � � � � o P (cid:2) l � (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � u c e s � a � f o � t n e t n o c � e h t � e b d u o h s l � � . i n g a p m a c � s s e n e r a w a y t i r � � � � � d e t t i � l l t � f o � s e s u m e m h r e p e r a � s e c i v e d B S U a n e h t � , e s u � r o f � f I � ) 2 � � � s g o l � e s o h t � d n a d e g g o � l � � l e b d u o h s � � y b y t i v i t c a � s u o i c i p s u s � r o f � d e t i d u a � � i � a z i n a g r o e h t � g n i v a e � r e h t o g n i t i b h x e � s e e y l o � s e p e m y e o � , p m e n o i t l l � e b � s u o i c i l a m � l � � . a i t n e t o c t p e � f � , o r � o s i n v g a i h s � � � � i � � r e d i s n � f o � t n u o e m n o a � � t t a n h a t c � d i f e i n w g o i s h � a s � e d e c r m o r F o k f r s e a p T � � � s n o i t c i v n o C S I C S U e h t � � � m o r f � e s a c � A l � , k r o w e e t � g n d u l c n i i � , s s e n i s u b � l a i c i f f o � d e s s e c c a e H � � � . p o t p a l � l a n o s r e p � s i h n o � i � t n e m p u q e � r e t u p m o c � d e n w o y l l � a n o s � � r e p g n i s u � t s n a g a y c i l i � � o p a � s i � e r e h T � � . S I C S U � r o f � s e i t u d � l � a i c i f f o m r o f r e p o t � � ) E F G � i ( � t n e m p u q e d e h s i n r u f � t n e m n r e � v o g h t i � � � � l w e n o d e b d u o h s � k r o w e e T l � � e d o t � r e d r o n � i � l i � a m � e d n a � s m e t s y s � 3 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � . y l n o (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) e m o H m o r F (cid:2) r o (cid:2) � l (cid:2) o t (cid:2) d a o n w o D a t a D (cid:2) (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � l l e w � s i � f f a t s � s t i � t a h t � h g u o n e n e t f o � � s e g a l l i p s � I I � P o t � s d n o p s e r � S I C S U � � . s e r u d e c o r p e s n o p s e r � n � i � d e s r e v � o t � y c n e u q e r f � e h t � , y l e t a n u t r o f n U � e h t � d n a � r u c c o � s t n e d i c n i � h c i h w � � o d e c a p n l � i � s e r u d e c o r p e s n o p s e r � � � r e b m u n e h t � e c u d e r � o t � m e e s � t o n � � o t u a e d i v o r p � r o � s t n e d i c n i � f o � e g a l l i � p s � n e h w n o i t c e t e d d e t a m � � � � � � . s r u c c o � � � l � d e d r a w e r � s a w e h � t a h t � � m e t s y s � a p o e v l � a c i n h c e t � o n e r a e r e h T � � � � . g n i c u d o r p � r o f � l � s s e n u y t i v i t c a � s i h t � h c t a c � o t � s l o r t n o c � o t n i � d e g g u p y l l l � a c i s y h p � s i � e c i v e d e h t � � � � � � � � � � � � . k r o w t e n e h t � � � � � � � , I I P � f o � s l l i p s � o t � s d n o p s e r � C O N S e h T � � e h T � � � � . s i s a b y l k e e w a n o � r u c c o h c i h w � � � s i � t n e d i c n i � � e h t � t u o b a n o i t a m r o f n i � � r e n w o a t a d e h t � � m o r f � d e r r e f s n a r t � o t � l l i � p s � e h t � f o e r a w a � s e m o c e b o h w � � � � s d r a w r o f � t i � t a h t � ) R I S ( � t r o p e R � t n e d i c � n � I � s u o i r e S a � s e t a e r c � h c i h w � , I S O e h t � � � t n e v e n a � r o f � s s e c o r p d e t a c i l � p m o c � a e b � � � � � � . s i s a b y l k e e w a n o � s n e p p a h � t a h t � l a t n e d i c c a e r a � s e g a � l l i p s � e s e h t � h g u o h T � , s t n e v e � 4 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � o t � s r a e p p a d n a � s e i t r a p y n a m � � s e v l o v n i � e g a l l i p s � I I � � � P a o t � t r o f f e e s n o p s e r � e h T � o t � y l l a n i f � d n a � r e c i f f � O y c a v i r P e h t � o t � � .

C O N S e h t � (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) l (cid:2) a c i t i r C g n i t c e t o r P (cid:2) s e l i F � � t a r o p r o c n I � � . s e r u d e c o r p e s n o p s � . � d e t c e p s u s � s i � t c u d n o c s i m � � � � � � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � c a r p � s i h t � e u n i t n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � e r � t n e d i c n i � s t i � f o � t r a p � s a e c i t � � . y l t n e t s i s � r o � l l i � � p s � a n e h w y l e t a d e m m i i � d e t a n m i � � � n o c � e n o d e b o t � s r a e p p a e c i t c a r p � s i h T � � r e t � s i � s e c r u o s e r � k r o w t e n o t � s s e c c A � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I � f o � l e v e l � e t a i r p o r p p a n a g n � � i � � � � l � u r p a e b o s l a d u o w g n i r o t i n o m � � . e r u s a e m � t n e d � � � � a z i n a g r o n a e d i v o r p n a c � s n o i t c a e n � � i l � r e d i s n i � o t � t n e r r e t e d a � s a e v r e s � � � y l l � a i t n e t o p n a c � s s e n e r a w a e e y o p m e � s i h T l � � � . � � l i d e r o t i n o m y l r a u g e r � e r a � s e i t i v i t c a n a t r e c � t a h t � e r a w a e b d u o h s � s e e y o p l l � � � � � m e d n a � , y l m o d n a r � d e t c u d n o c � d n a g n o g n o e b d u o h s � g n i t i d u a k r o w t e n i l � � � � , r e v o e r o M l � � . e b i s s o p � r e v e n e h w � s l o o t � d n a � s e s s e c o r p d e t a m o t u a e g a r e � � � v e l � l d u o h s � s n o i t a z i n a g r O � � . e u s n e � s e c n e u q e s n o c � s u o i r e s � e r o m e r o f e b y t i v i t c a � r e d i s n � � i � s u o i c i p s u s � e t a g i t s e v n i � d n a � r e v o c s i d o t � � y t i n u t r o p p o e h t � n o i t � � � n o i t a r e p o d n a e c a p n l � � i � � � e b o t � d e e n � s e s s e c o r p y r e v o c e r � d n a p u k c a b e v i t c e f f e � , s s e e h t e n o N l � � � � . e s n e f e d � f o e n � i l � t s r i f � e h t � s i � s k c a t t a � r e d i s n i � g n i t n e v e r P � � . s t a e r h t � a z i n a g r O � � � � i � � . a d e m p u k c a b g n i y o r t s e d d n a g n i s s e c c a y b k c a t t a � s i h � f o � t c a p m � � i � e h t � � y f i n g a m o t � e b a � s a w l � r e d i s n i � � n a � , e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d e s a c � e n o n � � I � � . n o i t p u r r e t n i � l i i a m n m h t i � � � i w d e n a t s u s � e b n a c � s n o i t a r e p o � s s e n i s u b � s r u c c o e s i � m o r p m o c � a � f i � t a h t � o s � e v i t c e f f e y l l � a � 5 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � l n o e e y o p m e g n i t i d u a d n a � , g n i r o t i n o m � � , g n g g o i � � � l � t a h t � n w o h s � s a h T R E C y b d e t c u d n o c � h c r a e s e r � t a e r h t � r e d i s n I (cid:2) y r e v o c e R (cid:2) / (cid:2) p u k c a B (cid:2) / (cid:2) r o t i n o M (cid:2) / (cid:2) t i d u A (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) � � o r p � � l � , y l r a u g e r � d e m r o f r e p e r a � s p u k c a b � t a h t � n e k a t � e b � t s u m e r a c � d n a � ; s e s s e c o r p y r e v o c e r � d n a p u k c a b � f o e c n a t r o p m � � � i � e h t � r e d i s n o c � o t � d e e n � s n o i t � � � . a t a d d e z i l � a r t n e c � f o � s s o � l � r o o t � e g a m a d � f o � t n e v e e h t � n � i � � y t i u n i t n o c � s s e n i s u b e r u s n e o t � d e t s e t � d n a � , � d e t c e t � � � � � � m o r f � n o i t c e t o r p n o y l i r a m � � � i r p d a e t s n i � g n i s u c o f � , y t i v i t c a � r e d i s n � i � s u o i c i p s u s � r o f � g n i r o t i n o m n o � s u c o f � o t � s e c r u o s e r � e h t � s k c a l � C O N S e h t � , � n o i t i d d a n � I � � . s t n e d i c n i � l a n r e t x e � � � � � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � � o t � s g o l � l a c i t i r c � d n e s � d u o h s � S I C S U l � � o r p d n a � r e v r e s � g o l � d e z i l a r t n e c � a (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � � . m e t s y s � e v i t c e p s e r � h c a e � f o � s r o t a r t s i n m d a i � m e t s y s � d n a � s r o t a r t s i n m d a n a m i i � � � l � o d e h t � y b e b i s s e c c a e r a � s e � l i f � g o L (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) / (cid:2) n o i t a c i f i d o M (cid:2) s e (cid:2) l i F g o L (cid:2) g n i l b a s i D � � k r o w t e n � f o n o i t c u r t s n o c e r � c i s n e r � e h t � f o � ) 3 2 ( � t n e c r e p � x i s � h g u o h t l A � � . s t n e v e d e s a b � t s o h � r o � � � T R E C e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � o f � a � t i m r e p o t � s e � l i f � g o l � e h t � t c e t � � l e b a s i d � r o y f i d o m o t � e b a e r e w l � � � � e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � , s m e t s y s � , s r e v r e s � S I C S U � s s o r c a d e g g o � l � n o c � s i � s n o i t a t s k r o w d n a � , s n o i t a c i l � p p a � s i � t a h w � r o f � y c n e t s i s n o c � f o k c a � l � e h T � d e s s e r d d a � s e i t r a p � l a r e v e S i � � . g n n r e c � � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I � 6 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C (cid:2) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � , s e l i f � g o l � n i � � i e n h c a m a h c a e r � y l l � a c i s y h p o t � e b a l � � . n o i t c e l l o c � f o � s s e l � r o � e b � t s u m � l � e n n o s r e p T I � t a h t � t c a f � e h t � � s r u o h 4 2 o t � d e t i � m i l � s e m i t e m o s � e r a � s i h T � � . t n e d i c n i � � n a o t � d e t a e r � s g o l l � e r u t � p a c � o t � e p o h y e h t � f i � � i n o h s a f � y l e m i t � a � � � . d e s s i � m e b � l l i � w n o i t a m r o f n i � g o l � l a c � i t i r c � t a h t � y l e k i l � t i � s e k a m n o i t p m u s s a � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) (cid:3) i p s u S g n i r o t i n o M (cid:2) y t i v i t c A (cid:2) s u o i c � 7 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8 9 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � a t a d S I C S U n � i � a t a d � l a c i t i r c � o t � e d a m � . s e s a b � e r a � s t p m e t t a � s s e c c a a t a d n e h w � � � � l g n i t r e a d n a g n i r o t i n o m � � r o f � e b i s l � � � � � n o p s e r � e r a � s r o t a r t s i n m d a e s a b a t a D i � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) (cid:2) � � e h t � d n a � s r o t a r t s i n m d a e s a b a t i � l � , g n i t r e a � , g n i r o t i n o m � r o f � C O N S � � d e z i r o h t u a n u o t � g n d n o p s e r � d n a i � i s n o p s e r � e h t � e c n O � � . s s e c c a a t a d � � � � � a d � f o y t i l i � b i s n o p s e r � e h t � g n n i f e d i � y l r a e l c � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) � o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � e t a i r p o r p p a e h t � , � d e n g i s s a � s i � y t i l i b � s r e t l i f � d n a � s r o t i n o m � t a h t � y g e t a r t s � � k r o w t e n d n u o b t u o d n a d n u o b n � � i � . c i f f a r t � � � d e z i r o h t u a n u e h t � t c e t e d � r o � t n e v � � � e r p y a m y g e t a r t s � s i h T � � . c i f f a r t � � i e n m a x e o t � t s i x e � t o n o d � s e c r u o s e r � e h T � � � . c i f f a r t � d n u o b n i � y l n o � , c i f f a r t � d n u o b t u o � � e d i s t u o a t a d S I C S U � � f o � r e f s n a r t � n o i t c e t e d n o i s u r t n � i � e h t � , e r o m r e h t r u F � . n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � � t c e t e d o t � d e z i � m i t p o � t o n e r a � s � m e t s y s � � g n i r o t i n o m k r o w t e n a g n i t n e m � � � d n u o b t u o � t o n � , c i f f a r t � d n u o b n i � � n o y l n o � n e t o p � r e t l i f � o t � s e u r � l l l a w e r i f � d n u o b � . c i f f a r t � k r o w t e n � s u o i c i l a m y l l � a i t � , t n e v e r p y l t n e g � i l i � l d d u o h s � p u o r g � � r o h t u a n u o t � d n o p s e r � d n a � , t c e t e d � , n o i t a c i f i d o m � � , s s e c c a a t a d d e z i � � � . s t p m e t t a n o i t a r t l i f x e d n a � l � e p m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S U l � i g n n e p p a h � s i � g n i r e t l i f � c i f f a r t � k r o w t e N � n i � e t a e r c � o t � y t i l i � b a e h t � s a h S I C S U � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I � � � � � e h t � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s r e d i s n i � y n a M � r i e h t � t i l m m o c � o t � e b a e r e w e s a b � � � � a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C � � . s p o t p a l � g n i s u � s e i t i v i t c a � s u o i c i l a m � � � . s t n e v e y t i r u c e s � � � 9 9 | E T U T T S N I I � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) (cid:2) � � � � � � � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) l � e p m i � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s � S I C S � U l � y f i t n e d i � s � � . s p u k c a b � t n e i c i f f u s n � i � f o e s u a c � o t � e r a w d r a h � r a l i m � i s � n o d e t n e m e p m l i � t a h t � o t � e r a w d r a h � l a c i t n e d i � r o � r a l i m i s � � g n i r o t i n o m k r o w t e n a g n i t n e m � � � � � d e t c e f f a n a � f o e s u a c � t o o r � e h t � g n i � , t n e d i c n i � � n a � f o e s u a c � t o o r � e h t � g n n m i i � c i s n e r o f � s e d u l c n i � t a h t � y g e t a r t s � � e h t � f o e s u a c e b � r e s u � r o n o i t a t s k r o w � � o t � s l o o t � c i s n e r o f � g n i s u g n d u l c n i � i � . s n o i t a g i t s e v n i � � i d a o t � s l o o t � � s a h � t I � � . y t i v i t c a h c t a w d n a n o i t a n i t s e d � � � t u b y t i l i � b a p a c � c i s n e r o f � e n o a � d n a t s � a l � � � � . k r o w t e n e h t � n o g n h t o n i � � � o t � e c r u o s � m o r f � c i f f a r t � k r o w t e n e c a r t � � � . s n o i t a c i l p p a � c i s n e r o f � k r o w t e n � f o k c a � l � k s e d � � , s n o i t a t s k r o w d e t c e f f a y f i t n e d � i � � � l l o t � e b a e b d u o h s � C O N S e h t � , y l l � a e d I � . s p o t p a l � d n a � , s p o t � t c a p m i � e h t � , e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � e h t � f o � ) 2 2 ( � t n e c r e p � x i s � n I � � e b d e i f i n g a m � s a w e m � i r c � e h t � f o � o t � y t i l i � b a � s t i � f o n o i t a c i d n i � e u r t � a S I C S U � � e v i g � t o n y a m � � s e s i c r e x e p o t e b a T l � � � l e b d u o h s � s p u k c a b l � , e b i s s o p n e h W � � � . e r u l i � a f � c i m e t s y s � a m o r f � r e v o c e r � � a h t i � � w d e t s e t � y l n o e r a � s p u k c a b e h t � � � � � e s u � t o n o d d n a e s i c r e x e p o t e b a t l � � , s e s a c � e m o s � n � I � � . r a e y � r e p e c n o � s r u c c o � s m e t s y s � y n a m � r o f � g n i t s e t � p u k c a B (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I � l m e b o r p d a h � s a h C O N S e h T � � l � r e t e d � r o f � e b i s n o p s e r � s i � C O N S e h T � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) s p u k c a B (cid:2) � � � � � � . l a n o i t a r e p o � s i � � p u k c a b e h t � d n a � l a n o i t � c n u f � s i � � e p a t � p u k c a b e h t � t a h t � e r u s n e � � . t n e m n o r i v n e n o i t c u d o r p e h t � n � i � d e s u � 0 0 1 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � , d e t n e m u c o d � , y l l u f e r a c � d e l l o r t � d e t i m i l � h t i � � w e t i s f f o d e r o t s � d n a � l � n o c � e b d u o h s � a d e m p u k c a B i � � , s l o r t n o c � e s o h t � t u o h t i W � � . s s e c c a � � � � � l l o t � e b a e b d u o w � s e p a t � p u k c a b e h t � � � � o t � s s e c c a e v a h o h w � s r o t a r t s i n m d A i � . s e � l i f � p u k c a b e s e h t � o t � s s e c � � , r e t n e C e c i v r e S � t n o m r e V e h t � t a e t i s � � � � c a e v a h � s r o t a r t s i n m d a m e t s y s � d n a i � � � n o � t p e k e r a � s e p a t � p u k c a b � f o � s r a e Y (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I � . r e v o c e r � o t � y t i l i � b a e h t � t i � e v i g � l l i w � s p u k c a b � s t i � e r u s � e b � t o n n a c � S I C S U � (cid:2) s e i t i l i (cid:2) l b a r e n u V y t i r u c e S (cid:2) l a c i n h c e T (cid:2) � � y t i r u c e s � l a c i n h c e t � n w o n k � t i o p x e � s e m l i t e m o s � l l i w � , i n o i t a n m r e t � g n w o i l l o f � , s r e d i s n i � s u o i c i l a m � t a h t � n w o h s � e v a h � s e d u t s � e s a C i � � . s t a e r h t � l a n r e t x e � s a � l l e w � s a � s t a e r h t � r e d i s n � i � f o k s i r � e h t � e t a g i t i � m o t � g n i k e e s � n o i t a z i n a g r o y n a � r o f � � � � � y t i r o i r p a e b d u o h s � s e i t i l i l b a r e n u v � l � y t i r u c e s � n w o n k g n i s s e r d d a y l e v i t c a o r P � � � � � � � � � � . f l e s t i � t c e t o r p o t � n o i t a z i n a g r o n a � r o f � t l u c i f f i d e r o m � � � t i � g n i k a m � � � , k c a t t a � r o f � s y a w h t a p d n a y t i n u t r o p p o e p m a � r e d i s n l � i � n a � s e d i v o r p � s e i t i l i b a r e n u v l � 1 0 1 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � � � � n � w o t o � n s s k e � s c s o e r r p d a d a e v o a t � h e r d u u o h s � s n o i t a z i n a g r O � � . e b i s s o p n e h w a F l i l l � � � � � i � � . k c a t t a n a � t u o y r r a c � d n a � s s e c c a m e t s y s � n a t b o o t � d e h c t a p n e e b � t o n e v a h w o n k y e h t � t a h t � s e i t i l i � � � � b a r e n u v l � r e n n a m y l e m � i t � a n � i � � d e h c t a p � r o d e n e d r a h n e e b e v a h e r a w � � � t f o s � r e h t o d n a � s � m e t s y s � g n i t a r e p o � t a h t � e r u s n e � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l � � � (cid:2) s e i t i l i b a (cid:2) (cid:2) l (cid:2) e y g n n o o o s n r h e c P e T e n b o i i s t n a m o p r o s e f n R l I (cid:2) (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) n w o n K g n i s s e r d d A (cid:2) l (cid:3) r e n u V y t i r u c e S � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � n i � S I C S U � s t u p e r a w a m l � � r o f � n o i t c e t o r p � s u o i c i l a m � l � f o d a o n w o d e h t � t c e t e d � � i g n d r a g e r � n o i t i s o p e r u c e s � y l e v i t a e r � a l � � � S H D � ) 1 � � : e d o c l � � . s d a o n w o d � s u o i c i l a m � d n a � , y a w e t a g � t e n r e t n I � e h t � s r o t i n o m � � t s o h d n a � r e t e m � i r e p � f o e c n e s e r p e h T � � o t � s m s i n a h c e m o w � t � n o � s e i l e r � T I O e h T � � � � � � � � � � l a m n w o n k � f o y r e v o c s i d n o p u y l e t a � � � � t r o p e h t � n w o d � s t u h s � T I O e h T � � � . e r a w � � � p a e r e h w e d o c � s u o i c i l � a m k c o b o t l � � a l l a t s n i � s t c e t e d o s l a � � � � . e t a i r p o r p � � a t s k r o w n o � t n e g a � � i d e m m i � � T I O e h t � s t r e a l � � � . s n o i t � ) 2 � 2 0 1 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) (cid:2) n w o n K g n i s s e r d d A (cid:2) l (cid:3) r e n u V y t i r u c e S (cid:2) s e i t i l i b a (cid:2) � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � � � � � � � s e s a c � e h t � f o � ) 6 4 ( � t n e c r e p e v l e w � T � � � e v l o v n i � � e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r o t c a f � g n i t a g i t i m A � � � i � i v i r p � r o t a r t s i n m d a g n i s u b a � s r e s u � � � � l l d u o w e e y o p m e g n i t r a p e d e h t � t a h t � s i � � r o f � d e e n � s r e s u S I C S U h g u o h t l � A � � � . a t a d � r o � s m e t s y s � e g a t o b a s � o t � s e g e l � � T I O e h t � , e r a w t f o s � d e z i r o h t u a n u r � � s t n u o c c a � r o t a r t s i n m d a e t a r a p e s i � � � s r e s u g n i v i g � r e d i s n o c � d u o h s l � s r e s U � � . s e s o p r u p � t i c i l � p x e e s e h t � r o f i � r o t a r t s i n m d a � n o n e s u n e h t � d u o c l � � � � . k r o w y l i � a d � r i e h t � r o f � s t n u o c c a � e h t � e z i � i i m n m y l t a e r g d u o w � s i h T l � � � � . e s i m o r p m o c � e r a w a m l � � f o k s i r � r o � l l a t s n i � o t � s t h g i r � r o t a r t s i n m d a i � o t � m e t s y s � e h t � o t � s s e c c a � l a c i s y h p d e e n � � � � � � . n i � g o l � s e g e l i v i r p � r o t a r t s i n m d a h t i i � w � r e s u � A � � � � c i t a m o t u a n o y l e o s � y l e r � t o n � t s u m l � � r e h � r o � s i h d r a u g e f a s � o t � s m s i n a h c e m � e v i g � s t h g i r � r o t a r t s i n m d A i � � . r e t u p m o c � e s i m o r p m o c � y l e t e p m o c � o t � y t i l i l � b a e h t � e h t � t u o h t i w � s e m i t e m o s � , m e t s y s � a � � l l e r a w a m d e d a o n w o d y l t n e t r e v d a n � i � � n o e r a w t f o s � l l a t s n i � o t � s r e s u � s w o l l a � e r � s e o d e r a w � t f o s � d e z i r o h t u a e m o � S � � � . s m e t s y s � r i e h t � � . l l a t s n i � o t � s t h g i r � r o t a r t s i n m d a e r i u q i � � e r i u q e r � y l l a u t c a � s n o i t a c i l � p p a e m o S . � n u r � o t � s t h g i r � r o t a r t s i n m d a i � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � n � i � d e t n e m u c o d � � s i h T � i � � . s e n h c a m n w o � r i e h t � n o � s t h g i r � r o t a r t s i n m d a i � l a c o l � e v a h � s r e s u S I C S U � (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) I (cid:2) (cid:3) s y S d e g a n a m n U s (cid:2) m e t � � � . r e s u e h t � f o e g d e w o n k l � � 3 0 1 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � � s B S U m o r f � e d o c � s u o i c i l a m � � f o n o i t i � � � . a d e m � r e h t o d n a � (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � a r u g i f n o c � m e t s y s � k r o w t e n d n a � r e t u p m o c � l l � � a � f o n o i t a t n e m u c o d d n a � , y t i r g e t n � � l i � , y c a r u c c a e h t � e r u s n e � s p e h � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � e v i t c e f f E � (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M n o i t a r u g i f n o C (cid:2) � � s n o i t a z i n a g r O � � � . s l o r t n o c � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � d e t a m o t u a � f o n o i t a t n e m e p m l � i � e v i t c e f f e e r o m � � , r e g n o r t s � r o f � d e e n e h t � t h g � i l � i h g h y e h T � � . s m e t � � s y s � f o n o i t a r u g i f n o c s i � � m e h t � n o y l i v a e h d e � i l e r � o h w � s r e d i s n � i � t n e m u c o d e s a b a t a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n � I � T R E C e h t � n � � i � s e s a c � f o y t e i r a v � e d w A i � � � . s n o i t � n o i t a r u g i f n o c � d e v o r p p a e h t � � m o r f � s n o i t a i v e d � r o � s e g n a h C � � � . s n o i t a r u g i f n o c � d e v o r p p a � f o � t n e m e c r o f n e d n a n o i t i n i f e d � t n e t s i s n o c � r e d i s n o c � o s l a d u o h s l � � � e c r u o s � , e r a w t f o s � o t � s e i l � p p a o s l a � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o C � � � . t n e t n i � s u o i c i l a m � l a i t n e t o p � r o f � d e t a g i t s e v n i � � e b n a c � y e h t � o s � d e g g o l � � l e b d u o h s � e n i l e s a b � s n a c s � T I O e h T � � � . s p o t p a l � � d n a � s p o t k s e d S I C S U � r o f � s n o i t a r u g i f n o c � e r a w t f o s � e n i l e s a b � s e d i v o r p � t a h t � y c i l � o p � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � a � s a h T I O e h T � � � r e f f i d � r o f � s e n i l � e s a b � t n e r e f f i d � f o k c a r t � s p e e k T I O e h T � � � � . t s i l � e r a w t f o s � d e v o r p p a e h t � n o e r a w � � t f o s � f o � s n o i s r e v � d e h c t a p � n u � r o � , d e t a d t u o � , t c e r r o c n i � r o f � � s y s � t n e r e f f i d 0 5 1 � 0 9 e h t � f o k c a r t � g n p e e k i � � � y t l u c i f f i d � s a h T I O e h t � , y c i l � � � o p � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � s u o r o g i r � a d n a g n i k c a r t � e t i p s e D � � � � . s t c a r t n o c � t n e � h g u o r h t � n a h t � r e h t a r � , n a c s � l a u n a m e t a r e b � i l � � e d a h g u o r h t � d e r e v o c s i d n e t f o � s i � � e r a w a m l � � r o e r a w t f o s � e u g o R � � . t n e m n o r i v n e S I C S U e h t � n � � i � s e g a m i � m e t � l a c o l � � � l e s u o t � e b a e r a o h w e c n e u l f n � � � i � r o y t i r o n e s � h t i i � � � � l w � s e e y o p m e S I C S U n e e b e v a h e r e h t � , t l u c i f f i d e r o m k s a t � s i h t � e k a m o T � � � � � � . s s e c o r p d e t a m o t u a n a � � � r o e r a w t f o s � e u g o r � o t � d n o p s e r � d n a � , t c e t e d � � � , t n e v e r p y l e t a u q e d a o t � T I O e h t � r o f � t l u c i f f i d � t i � � e k a m � � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � g n d r a g e r � s n r e c n o C i � i � . e c n e n e v n o c � f o e k a s � e h t � r o f � e r a w t f o s � l l a t s n i � o t � s e g e l i v i r p � r o t a r t s i n m d a i � e s n o p s e r � t n e d i c n i � � g n i y f i d o m d n a � s t n e m y o p e d g n i t s i x e g n g a r e v e i l � � l � r o f � s n o i t a r e d i s n o c � e m o s � t s e g g u s � e W � � . s e r u d e c o r p � t n e r r u c � s t i � � g n i s u e r a w a m l � � . s s e n e v i t c e f f e e s a e r c n � i � o t � s e c i t c a r p � . s c i h t e � f o k c a � l � � � a d n a n o i t a v i t o m � t n e i c i f f u s � h t i w � s r e d i s n i � l a c i n h c e t � y b � t i o p x e l � r o f � s e i t i l i � � � i l b a r e n u v � g n n e p o e r a e s i r p r e t n e e h t � s s o r c a � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � e c r o f n e � t o n o d � t a h t � s n o i t a z i n a g r O � � � � . s e l i f � n o i t a c i l � p p a d n a � , e d o c (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l � n i � d e t n e m u c o d � s e s a c � n e e t n e v e S � � n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � s u o r o g i r � e t i p s e D � � n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � a � s a h T I O e h T � � (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U � � a d e s a C � t a e r h T � r e d i s n I � T R E C e h t � � y t l u c i f f i d � s a h T I O e h t � , y c i l � � o p � t n e m e g a � l g n i t i o p x e � s r e s u e v l o v n � i � e s a b a t � � � � r e f f i d 0 5 1 o t � 0 9 e h t � f o k c a r t � g n p e e k i � � m e t s y s � t n e m e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f � � n o c � a � f o � s s e n k a e w � � r o k c a l � e h t � e r a w a m l � � r o e r a w t f o s � e u g o R � � . t n e m n o r � � i v n e S I C S U e h t � n � i � s e g a m i � m e t s y s � t n e � u g i f n o c � e r a w t f o s � r o f � y c i l o p � t n e m e g a � r o f � s n a c s � T I O e h T � � � . s e n i l � e s a b n o i t a r � d e h c t a p n u � r o � , d e t a d t u o � , t c e r r o c n i � � p a e h t � n o e r a w � t f o s � f o � s n o i s r e v (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M (cid:2) n o i t a r u g i f n o C � 4 0 1 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � � u c e s � e h t � n O � � . y t i v i t c u d o r p � f o � s s o l � n i � t l u s e r � y a m � � r e t n e C e c i v r e S e h t � � l d u o c � e s n o p s e r � d e y a e d l � , e d i s � y t i r � 5 0 1 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) � � . s k c a t t a � r i e h t � t u o y r r a c � o t � � r e b i l � � e d a h g u o r h t � d e r e v o c s i d n e t f o � s i � � � s p e e k T I O e h T � � � . t s i l � e r a w t f o s � d e v o r p (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � � a e n i f e d n a c � O P e � � . s t r o f f e � t n e m � � t s i x e e h t � e g a r e v e l � l d u o c � T I O e h � T � l � e p m o c � o t � t n e m y o p e d O P e g n l � � i � � e g a n a m n o i t a r u g i f n o c � s t i � t n e m � h g u o r h t � n a h t � r e h t a r � n a c s � l a u n a m e t a � � � � . s s e c o r p d e t a m o t u a n a � � � s n o i t a c i l � p p a e r a w t f o s � r o f � e n i l e s a b � � m o r f � s n o i t a i v e d y n a n o � t r e a d n a l � � � � � . e n i l e s a b � t a h t � n o c � t a h t � e r u s n e d u o h s � S I C S U l � � � n e s � h t i w � s l a u d i v i d n i � , s e s a c � e m o s � n I � i g n o g � t u o h t i w � s e i c i l � o p e s e h t � t n e v � s a � s l e n n a h c � r e p o r p e h t � h g u o r h t � � n o i t a r u g i f n o c � e h t � y b d e n i f e d � � � � . y c i l o p � t n e m e g a n a m � � � l o t � s y a w e r o p x e d u o h s � T I O e h T l � � � n e t o p � f o n w o d k c o � l � e t a m o t u a � m u c r i c � y l l a u s a c � o t � e b a e b � t o n l � � � � d e c r o f n e d n a d e t a c i n u m m o c � � . � n o i t a z i n a g r o e h t � t u o h g u o r h t � l d u o h s � p h s r e d a e i i l � r o n e s � n e v E � i � . e c n e n e v n o c � f o e k a s � e h t � r o f � e r a w t f o s � � l l a t s n i � o t � s e g e l i v i r p � r o t a r t s i n m d a i � � u h n o � s e i l e r � s s e c o r p n w o d k c o � l � e h T � o t � e m u o v � l l l a c � f I � � . n o i t n e v r e t n i � n a m � y l t n e t s i s n o c � s i � y c i l � o p n o i t a r u g i f � � � l e s u o t � e b a e r a e c n e u l f n � � i � r o y t i r o i � s i h T � � . s m e t s y s � d e s i m o r p m o c � y l l a i t � e c n a a b l � l � u f e r a c � a e r i u q e r � d u o w l � e h t � n O � � . y t i r u c e s � s u s r e v e c i v r e s � f o � � � y b e s n o p s e r � d e y a e d l � , e d i s � e c i v r e s � y a m � s i h t � , y v a e h � s i � r e t n e C e c i v r e S e h t � � � � c a n u n a o t � e m � i t � e s n o p s e r � e s a e r c n i � . l e v e l � l e b a t p e c � f i d � r o f � s e n i l e s a b � t n e r e f f i d � f o k c a r t � � � � . s t c a r t n o c � t n e r e f � � d e d i v o r p e c n e d i v e o N � i (cid:2) p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) i . g n n n u r � m o r f � e r a w t f o s � d e z i r o h t u a n u � � t n e v e r p o t � s p o t k s e d n w o d g n i k c o � � l (cid:2) l y g o o n h c e T n o i t a m r o f n (cid:2) (cid:2) I l � r o f � e b i s n o p s e r � e r a � s r e t n e C e c i v r e S � (cid:2) i p h s r e d a e L (cid:2) S I C S U (cid:2) t n e m e g a n a M (cid:2) n o i t a r u g i f n o C � (cid:2) | T R E C � (cid:2) s e r u s a e m r e t n u o C d e t s e g g u S (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) s p a G e c i t c a r P (cid:2) r o y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) (cid:2) e r u s a e M y t i r u c e S (cid:2) r o / d n a y c i l (cid:2) o P (cid:2) l (cid:2) e n n o s r e P e b i s n o p s e R l (cid:2) n r e c n o C (cid:2) f o a e r A (cid:2) � � � . e s i m o r p m o c � m e t s y s � o t � d a e l � � l l e h t � e t a u a v e d u o h s � t n e m e g a n a M � � i h g e w d n a e s i � m o r p m o c � a � f o � s k s i r � l � a i t n e t o p e h t � t s n a g a � s k s i r � e s o h t i � � p u r s i d e c i v r e s � f o � s e c n e u q e s n o c � . n o i t � � 6 0 1 | E T U T T S N I I I I G N R E E N G N E E R A W T F O S | T R E C � Appendix H Acronyms � C3-LAN CBP CI CIO CLAIMS CMMI COTR CSC CSIRT CSO CMU DBA DHS DOJ FBI FDNS-DS FISMA FSD FSN GFE HR HSPD-12 ICE ISSO IT LER LPO NCR NFTS ODBC OIG OIT OSI PERSEC PICS PII QA SEI SIEM SIR SNOC TSA USB CLAIMS 3 – Local Area Network Customs and Border Protection Counterintelligence Chief Information Officer Computer Linked Application Information Management System Capability Maturity Model Integration Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative Computer Sciences Corporation Computer Security Incident Response Team Chief Security Officer Carnegie Mellon University Database Administrator Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Fraud Detection and National Security Data System Federal Information Security Management Act Field Security Division Foreign Service National Government-furnished Equipment Human Resources Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 Immigration and Customs Enforcement Information System Security Officer Information Technology Labor and Employee Relations Local PICS Officer National Capital Region National File Tracking System Open Database Connectivity Office of Inspector General Office of Information Technology Office of Security and Integrity Personnel Security Password Issuance and Control System Personally Identifiable Information Quality Assurance Software Engineering Institute Security Information and Event Management Significant Incident Report Security Network Operations Center Transportation Security Administration Universal Serial Bus 107 Appendix H Acronyms � USCIS VIS U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Verification Information System 108 Appendix I Management Comments to the Draft Report � � � 109 Appendix J Contributors to this Report Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University Insider Threat Center at CERT Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General Richard Saunders, Director, Advanced Technology Division Steve Matthews, IT Audit Manager, Advanced Technology Division Philip Greene, IT Auditor/Team Lead, Advanced Technology Division � � � � 110 Appendix K Report Distribution Department of Homeland Security Secretary Deputy Secretary Chief of Staff Deputy Chiefs of Staff General Counsel Executive Secretariat Director, GAO/OIG Liaison Office Assistant Secretary for Office of Policy Assistant Secretary for Office of Public Affairs Assistant Secretary for Office of Legislative Affairs Chief Information Officer Chief Information Security Officer USCIS Chief Information Officer USCIS Chief Information Security Officer USCIS Audit Liaison Office Office of Management and Budget Chief, Homeland Security Branch DHS OIG Budget Examiner � Congress Congressional Oversight and Appropriations Committees, as appropriate � 111 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND COPIES To obtain additional copies of this report, please call the Office of Inspector General (OIG) at (202) 254-4100, fax your request to (202) 254-4305, or visit the OIG web site at www.dhs.gov/oig.

OIG HOTLINE

To report alleged fraud, waste, abuse or mismanagement, or any other kind of criminal or noncriminal misconduct relative to department programs or operations: • Call our Hotline at 1-800-323-8603; • Fax the complaint directly to us at (202) 254-4292; • Email us at [email protected]; or • Write to us at: DHS Office of Inspector General/MAIL STOP 2600, Attention: Office of Investigations - Hotline, 245 Murray Drive, SW, Building 410, Washington, DC 20528. The OIG seeks to protect the identity of each writer and caller.

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