U.S. Dep't of State, 2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: San Marino

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

There were no significant changes in the human rights situation in San Marino during the year. There were no credible reports of significant human rights abuses. The government took credible steps to identify and punish officials who committed human rights abuses. Section 1.

Life a. Extrajudicial Killings There were no reports the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings during the year. b. Coercion in Population Control There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization on the part of government authorities. Section 2. Liberty a. Freedom of the Press The law provided for freedom of expression, including for members of the press and other media, and the government generally respected this right. An independent media, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combined to promote freedom of expression, including for media members.

The country’s laws prohibited persons from disseminating ideas based on racial superiority or on racial or ethnic hatred or from committing or encouraging others to commit discriminatory acts on the grounds of race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or sexual orientation. The law criminalized blasphemy or “desecrating” religious symbols or objects or publicly mocking “the acts of a cult.” There were no reports of prosecutions based on these laws. b. Worker Rights Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining The law provided for workers to form and join independent unions, bargain collectively, and conduct legal strikes. The law prohibited antiunion discrimination and required reinstatement of workers fired for union activities. The government effectively enforced applicable laws.

Penalties were commensurate with those for analogous violations such as civil rights violations; they included fines and, in cases of recidivism, the prohibition of professional activity. Penalties were regularly applied against violators. The government and employers generally respected freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining, and the right to strike for workers. Forced or Compulsory Labor There were no confirmed reports during the year traffickers exploited domestic or foreign victims in the country or that traffickers exploited nationals as victims abroad.

Acceptable Work Conditions Wage and Hour Laws There was no national minimum wage. Industry-based minimum wages higher than the poverty income level existed for various industrial sectors. The law provided for a standard workweek of between 36 and 40 hours. Up to 145 hours per year of overtime work was allowed with a maximum daily limit of two hours.

The law provided for paid holidays and overtime pay of between an additional 25 and 35 percent. Occupational Safety and Health The government set appropriate occupational safety and health (OSH) standards for the main industries. The government proactively identified unsafe conditions. Workers could remove themselves from situations endangering safety or health without jeopardy to their employment.

Wage, Hour, and OSH Enforcement The government’s Labor Office generally enforced minimum wage, overtime, and OSH laws effectively. The Office of the Labor Inspector was responsible for receiving and investigating claims of workplace safety and health violations. The number of labor inspectors was sufficient to enforce compliance. Inspectors had the authority to make unannounced visits and levy fines.

The Agency for Environment and the Agency for Civil Protection were mandated to supervise implementation of legislation on safety and health in the workplace, as well as to investigate major accidents. There were a few exceptions to compliance, especially in the construction industry, where some employers did not consistently abide by workhour limitations and safety regulations, such as use of personal safety devices. Authorities did not always enforce health and safety standards in the informal sector. c. Disappearance and Abduction Disappearance There were no reports of enforced disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. Prolonged Detention without Charges The law prohibited arbitrary arrest and detention and provided for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of their arrest or detention in court.

The government generally observed these requirements. Authorities did not detain individuals without judicial authorization unless arrested during the alleged commission of a crime. The law required individuals to be brought promptly before a judicial officer and informed of charges against them. Police were required to submit arrest reports within 48 hours to the investigating judge who, if the legal grounds for detention were satisfied, was required to validate them within 96 hours.

Thereafter, depending on the nature of the crime, detainees were either remanded for further proceedings, ordered released, or potentially placed under house arrest. These rights were respected. There was a functioning bail system. Authorities provided detainees prompt access to a lawyer of their choice.

The state provided legal assistance to indigent persons, and there were no reports of limitations to this provision. d. Violations in Religious Freedom See the Department of State’s annual International Religious Freedom Report at https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/ . e. Trafficking in Persons There were no confirmed reports during the year traffickers exploited domestic or foreign victims in the country or that traffickers exploited nationals as victims abroad. Section 3. Security of the Person a. Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment The law prohibited such practices, and there were no credible reports government officials employed them. b. Protection of Children Child Labor There was no significant presence of the worst forms of child labor. The law prohibited all of the worst forms of child labor.

The minimum age of employment was 16, provided a child completed compulsory schooling, although children who were 14 years and older were allowed to perform seasonal work when not attending school. The law excluded children between the ages of 16 and 18 from hazardous jobs. The government effectively enforced child labor laws. Penalties were commensurate with those for analogous crimes.

Child Marriage The legal minimum age of marriage was 18, but a judge could authorize marriage at age 16 in special cases. Authorities effectively enforced the law. c. Protection to Refugees The government cooperated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, returning refugees, or asylum seekers, as well as other persons of concern. Provision of First Asylum The law provided for the granting of asylum or refugee status, and the government had a system for providing protection to refugees. d. Acts of Antisemitism and Antisemitic Incitement There was an estimated Jewish population of a few dozen individuals in the country. There were no reports of antisemitic incidents.

On This Page search > < EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Section 1. Life a. Extrajudicial Killings b. Coercion in Population Control Section 2. Liberty a. Freedom of the Press b. Worker Rights Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining Forced or Compulsory Labor Acceptable Work Conditions c. Disappearance and Abduction Disappearance Prolonged Detention without Charges d. Violations in Religious Freedom e. Trafficking in Persons Section 3. Security of the Person a. Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment b. Protection of Children Child Labor Child Marriage c. Protection to Refugees Provision of First Asylum d. Acts of Antisemitism and Antisemitic Incitement Tags Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Human Rights Reports San Marino