ICE, Handbook: HSI 08-05 Live and Photographic Lineup Handbook - Oct. 8, 2008

Department of Homeland Security Office of Investigations Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook OI HB 08-05 October 8, 2008 OFFICIAL USE ONLY LIVE AND PHOTOGRAPHIC LINEUPS HANDBOOK Table of Contents Chapter 1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE.........................................................................................1 Chapter 2 AUTHORITY/REFERENCE.................................................................................1 Chapter 3 DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................1 • • • 3.1 Filler .............................................................................................................1 3.2 Live Lineup ..................................................................................................1 3.3 Photographic Lineup ....................................................................................1 Chapter 4 RESPONSIBILITIES..............................................................................................1 • • • 4.1 Director, Office of Investigations.................................................................1 4.2 Special Agents in Charge .............................................................................2 4.3 Special Agents..............................................................................................2 Chapter 5 POLICY....................................................................................................................2 • • • • • 5.1 Composing Lineups......................................................................................2 5.2 Instructing the Witness Prior to Viewing a Lineup......................................2 5.3 Conducting the Identification Procedure......................................................2 5.4 Recording Identification Results ..................................................................2 5.5 Right to Counsel...........................................................................................2 Chapter 6 PROCEDURES........................................................................................................3 • • • • 6.1 Conducting Lineups .....................................................................................3 6.2 Instructing the Witness Prior to Viewing a Lineup......................................5 6.3 Conducting the Identification Procedure......................................................6 6.4 Recording Identification Results ..................................................................9 APPENDICES Appendix A Advisement of Right to Counsel and Waiver and Consent Declaration ....... A-i Appendix B ICE Form I-378, Live or Photographic Lineup Display................................ B-i _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook OFFICIAL USE ONLY October 8, 2008 i Appendix C ICE Form I-378A, Witness Identification Response of Live/ Photographic Lineup Display ........................................................................ C-i Appendix D Acronyms .......................................................................................................

D-i _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook OFFICIAL USE ONLY October 8, 2008 ii LIVE AND PHOTOGRAPHIC LINEUPS HANDBOOK Chapter 1.

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook establishes policy and procedures for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Office of Investigations (OI) Special Agents (SAs) when conducting live and/or photographic lineups. Chapter 2. AUTHORITY/REFERENCE Department of Justice Research Report entitled “Eyewitness Evidence, A Guide for Law Enforcement,” dated October 1999. Chapter 3.

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions apply to this Handbook: 3.1 Filler A filler is a non-suspect individual or photograph of a non-suspect individual used to complete or “fill in” a lineup. 3.2 Live Lineup A live lineup is a group of individuals consisting of a suspect and multiple “fillers” presented in person to a witness, either simultaneously or sequentially, for the purposes of identification. 3.3 Photographic Lineup A photographic lineup is a group of photographs of individuals consisting of a suspect and multiple “fillers” presented by photograph to a witness, either simultaneously or sequentially, for the purposes of identification. Chapter 4.

RESPONSIBILITIES 4.1 Director, Office of Investigations The Director of OI has the overall responsibility for the oversight and implementation of the policies and procedures set forth in this Handbook. Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 1 OFFICIAL USE ONLY 4.2 Special Agents in Charge OI Special Agents in Charge are responsible for implementing the policies and procedures set forth in this Handbook within their areas of responsibility. 4.3 Special Agents OI SAs are responsible for complying with the provisions of this Handbook. Chapter 5.

POLICY 5.1 Composing Lineups The SA shall compose the lineup in such a manner that the suspect does not unduly stand out. Fair composition of a lineup enables the witness to provide a more accurate identification or non-identification. 5.2 Instructing the Witness Prior to Viewing a Lineup Prior to presenting a lineup, the SA shall provide instructions to the witness to ensure that the witness understands that the purpose of the identification procedure is to exculpate the innocent as well as to identify the actual suspect. Instructions given to the witness prior to viewing a lineup can facilitate an identification or non-identification based on his or her own memory.

5.3 Conducting the Identification Procedure The SA shall conduct the lineup in a manner conducive to obtaining accurate identification or non-identification decisions. The identification procedure should be conducted in a manner that promotes the reliability, fairness, and objectivity of the witness’ identification. 5.4 Recording Identification Results The SA shall preserve the outcome of the procedure by documenting any identification or non-identification results obtained from the witness. The record of the outcome of the identification procedure should accurately and completely reflect the identification results obtained from the witness and be sworn or affirmed by the witness.

5.5 Right to Counsel SAs shall inform suspects of their right to counsel if the lineup takes place after the suspects have been formally charged. The Sixth Amendment right to counsel attaches after suspects have been formally charged, including following an initial appearance in criminal court or the filing of an indictment or criminal information. The United States Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 2 OFFICIAL USE ONLY Supreme Court has held that a suspect’s Sixth Amendment right to counsel is violated by having the suspect participate in a lineup after being formally charged if the identification took place without counsel. However, suspects can make an intelligent waiver of their Sixth Amendment right to counsel and participate in a lineup.

(United States v. Wade 388 U.S. 218 (1967 SAs shall advise the suspect of his or her right to counsel at the lineup (see “Advisement of Right to Counsel” in Appendix A). If the suspect agrees to participate without counsel, SAs will have the suspect sign the “Waiver and Consent Declaration” (see Appendix A) and proceed with the lineup. If the suspect is willing to participate without a lawyer being present but refuses to sign the Declaration, SAs shall write the suspect’s statement on the “Waiver and Consent Declaration” and proceed with the lineup. If the suspect is not willing to appear without counsel, or counsel refuses to appear, SAs shall cancel the lineup and shall contact the appropriate Assistant United States Attorney (AUSA) for further guidance.

Chapter 6.

PROCEDURES

Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 3 OFFICIAL USE ONLY (b) (7)(E) Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 4 OFFICIAL USE ONLY (b) (7)(E) 6.2 Instructing the Witness Prior to Viewing a Lineup 6.2.1 When conducting a photographic lineup, OI SAs shall: 6.2.2 When conducting a live lineup, OI SAs shall: Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 5 OFFICIAL USE ONLY (b) (7)(E)(b) (7)(E) 6.3 Conducting the Identification Procedure 6.3.1 When conducting simultaneous photographic lineups, OI SAs shall: 6.3.2 When conducting sequential photographic lineups, OI SAs shall: Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 6 OFFICIAL USE ONLY (b) (7)(E)(b) (7)(E)(b) (7)(E) 6.3.3 When conducting a simultaneous live lineup, OI SAs shall: Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 7 OFFICIAL USE ONLY (b) (7)(E)(b) (7)(E) 6.3.4 When conducting a sequential live lineup, OI SAs shall: Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 8 OFFICIAL USE ONLY (b) (7)(E)(b) (7)(E) 6.4 Recording Identification Results Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook October 8, 2008 9 OFFICIAL USE ONLY (b) (7)(E)(b) (7)(E) Appendix A Advisement of Right to Counsel and Waiver and Consent Declaration _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook OFFICIAL USE ONLY October 8, 2008 A-i ADVISEMENT OF RIGHT TO COUNSEL (Lineup) Place______________________ Date_______________________ Time_______________________ You have been asked to participate in a lineup. At the lineup, you will be obliged to stand in a line with other persons, to speak, to move in a certain manner, and/or to put on or remove certain clothing for the purpose of enabling witnesses to make an identification. You are required to participate in the lineup, but you are entitled to have an attorney of your own choosing present. If you cannot afford an attorney but wish to have one present at the lineup, the lineup will be delayed until an attorney has been appointed by a court to represent you.

Having an attorney present will help you in the preparation of your defenses to any identification that may be made at the lineup. However, you may waive your right to have an attorney present at the lineup and consent to participate in the lineup in the absence of an attorney. WAIVER AND CONSENT DECLARATION I have read this statement of my rights to have an attorney present at the identification lineup. I have consented to participate in the lineup in the absence of an attorney.

No promises or threats have been made to me and no pressure or coercion of any kind has been used against me. Signed: _______________________ Witness: _______________________ Witness: _______________________ Date: _______________________ Time: _______________________ Appendix B Live or Photographic Lineup Display _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook OFFICIAL USE ONLY October 8, 2008 B-i U.S. Department of Homeland Security U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Live or Photographic Lineup Display Case Number/Title: Office Lineup to be conducted: Live / Photographic (circle one) INSTRUCTIONS To The Photographic Lineup Viewing Witness: You are being presented with the photographs of six individuals. Each photograph will be numbered from one (1) to six (6) for identification purposes. You will be asked whether you recognize any of these individuals.

If you do, please do not place any marks on this document. You will be provided with a form for that purpose. While viewing the photographs, remember that hairstyles, beards, or mustaches can change. Also remember that photographs do not always reflect a person’s true complexion.

Pay no attention to differences in the style of the photographs or to whether they are in color or black and white. Any comments concerning the identity of, or your inability to identify, any individual whose photograph appears in this document should be limited to the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Special Agent who shows it to you, and should not be made in the presence of other persons or witnesses. On page two of this form you should place your initials and the date on one of the lines provided. This does not signify recognition of any individual whose picture is enclosed.

It merely establishes for the record that this is the particular photographic display that you have viewed. To The Live Lineup Viewing Witness: You are being presented with six individuals in a live lineup. Each individual will be numbered from one (1) to six (6) for identification purposes. You will be asked whether you recognize any of these individuals.

If you do, please do not place any marks on this document. You will be provided with a form for that purpose. While viewing the individuals, remember that hairstyles, beards, or mustaches can change. Any comments concerning the identity of, or your inability to identify, any individual who appears before you should be limited to the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Special Agent who accompanies you, and should not be made in the presence of other persons or witnesses.

To the ICE Special Agent: No less than six individuals or photographs will be used. In the case of photographs, all six shall be permanently affixed with adhesive cement or glue. Each individual participant or photograph should depict persons similar in physical appearance, i.e., age, race, sex, hair, etc. No more than one suspect of the investigation shall be depicted on any one lineup. No reference will be made on this form, either verbally or in writing, as to the name or identity of any individual participating, either live or via photographic representation, in this lineup.

Other than inserting the file number and control office as indicated above, you are to make no notations on this document except to sign and date it as of the date of preparation (not the date(s) on which it is shown to any viewing witness, as ICE Form I-378A is provided for that purpose.) In order to maintain the evidentiary integrity of the live or photographic identification display, no witness will be allowed to view this completed document in the presence of any other witness; no witness will be allowed to view the completed ICE Form I-378A of any other witness; and no witness will be provided copies of this document or any completed ICE Form I-378A. _________________________________ (Signature and Title of Preparing Special Agent) ___________________________________ (Date of Preparation) ICE Form I-378 (10/08) (Page 1 of 3) LIVE/PHOTOGRAPHIC LINEUP DISPLAY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (circle one) To The Viewing Witness(es) Please initial and date this document in the spaces below. Make no other marks or comments of any kind regarding the identification of any individuals or photographs. (See instructions on the cover for any questions regarding this procedure.) Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ Date ____________________________ Initials _____________________________ ICE Form I-378 (10/08) (Page 2 of 3) PHOTOGRAPHIC LINEUP DISPLAY ICE Form I-378 (10/08) (Page 3 of 3) (b) (7)(E) Appendix C Witness Identification Response of Live/Photographic Lineup Display _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook OFFICIAL USE ONLY October 8, 2008 C-i U.S. Department of Homeland Security U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Witness Identification Response of Live/Photographic Lineup Display Case Number/Title: Office Date: _____________________________ I, _______________________________________________, swear or affirm that, today, I have been shown a (Print or type full name of viewing witness here) live/photographic lineup display consisting of six (6) persons. The individuals/photographs are numbered, and I have identified: None of them or Individual/Photograph number ________ (Check the box that applies and insert the number if applicable.) as________________________________________________________________________________________ (Name of the suspect, and/or a description of the basis for knowing the suspect) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ _______________________________________________ SIGNED (Viewing Witness) PRINTED NAME (Viewing Witness) _________________________________________ _______________________________________________ SIGNED (ICE Special Agent) PRINTED NAME (ICE Special Agent) _________________________________________ _______________________________________________ SIGNED (Other ICE Special Agent or Employee Present) PRINTED NAME (Other ICE Special Agent or Employee Present) ICE Form I-378A (10/08) ACRONYMS Appendix D A-H I ICE INS J–N O OI P-R S SA T U U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Immigration and Naturalization Service Office of Investigations Special Agent USC U.S. Code V-Z __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Live and Photographic Lineups Handbook OFFICIAL USE ONLY October 8, 2008 D-i