DOL OFLC, FY 2016 Report

C1 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION O F F I C E O F F O R E I G N L A B O R C E R T I F I C A T I O N ’ S M I S S I O N S T A T E M E N T We help U.S. employers fill jobs while protecting U.S. and foreign workers. Table of Contents FOREWORD FROM THE ACTING DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY INTRODUCTION SUMMARY OF ALL OFLC PROGRAMS FY 2012 - 2015 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS Prevailing Wage Process — Overview Top 10 States for Prevailing Wage Determinations Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wage Determinations Top Occupations and Employers for Prevailing Wages Striving and Moving Forward PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION Atlanta National Processing Center Summary of the Permanent Labor Certification Program Permanent Labor Certifications by Top Five NAICS Industry Codes Occupations with More Than 1,000 Certifications Top Five Occupations for Top Five Countries Permanent Labor Certification By State and Territory States with Most Certifications and Top Major Industries Countries with over 1,000 Certifications Twenty-Five Employers with the Highest Number of Certifications Education in the Permanent Labor Certification Program Striving and Moving Forward TEMPORARY PROGRAMS Chicago National Processing Center Ombudsman Program Summary of Temporary Labor Certification Programs H-1B Temporary Specialty Worker Program — Overview Top Three H-1B Occupations Top 10 Employers for H-1B and the Top Occupations and Work States States with More Than 5,000 Certified H-1B LCAs E-3 Australian Temporary Specialty Worker Program H-1B1 Temporary Specialty Worker Program Education in H-1B — Overview H-2A Temporary Labor Certification for Agricultural Workers 2015 Final Rule Range Herding or Production of Livestock in the United States States with More Than 2,000 H-2A Certifications Top 10 Employers with Most H-2A Certified Workers H-2B Temporary Labor Certification for Non-Agricultural Workers Employers with the Most H-2B Certifications States with More than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions Top 10 H-2B Occupations Striving and Moving Forward APPENDICES Appendix A State Employment-Based Immigration Profiles Appendix B Agricultural Certification Statistics Appendix C Top Five Employment-Based Permanent Immigration Country Profiles OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 24 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 31 32 34 35 37 40 41 42 43 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 107 113 Foreword from the Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary Business communities throughout the country are realizing the benefits and facing the demands of the global economy. One of the constant challenges is identifying, educating or attracting human talent, which is perhaps the most important element in remaining competitive. Large and small companies alike are looking for hard-working, talented individuals.

When qualified and willing United States (U.S.) workers are not available locally, employers begin looking abroad. The Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC), which is located within Employment and Training Administration (ETA) at the Department of Labor (Department), has been delegated the responsibility outlined in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) for the Secretary of Labor to protect U.S. workers against adverse impact on their wages or working conditions by ensuring U.S. employer compliance with statutory requirements when they hire foreign workers to fill workforce shortages. The Department’s focus in these immigrant and nonimmigrant employment-based programs is to ensure the integrity of the process in order to protect U.S. workers and their ability to access jobs. OFLC processes labor certification applications for employers seeking to bring foreign workers into the United States and grants certifications in those cases where employers can demonstrate that there are not sufficient U.S. workers available, willing and qualified to perform the work at wages that meet or exceed the prevailing wage paid for the occupation in the area of intended employment.

Foreign labor certification programs are designed to ensure that the admission of foreign workers into the United States on a permanent or temporary basis will not adversely affect the job opportunities, wages, and working conditions of U.S. workers. the past and a vision of how foreign labor certification is striving toward the future. ...this report shows a review of The INA sets the framework for the Secretary of Labor to follow in adjudicating employer labor certification and labor condition applications used in the D-1, E-3, H-1B, H-1B1, H-2A, H-2B and Permanent Labor Certification programs. The Secretary has delegated this responsibility to ETA. ETA, in coordination with the Department’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, the Office of the Solicitor, and the Wage and Hour Division, which oversees the INA’s corresponding enforcement provisions, develops the policies and procedures in the foreign labor certification programs that are then implemented by OFLC. This report provides a glimpse at the Department’s role in supporting the dynamic U.S. economy through OFLC.

This report presents employment-based foreign labor certification program data drawn from applications submitted to and adjudicated by the Department from employers who sought labor certifications in fiscal year 2016. An approved labor certification or labor condition application is often the first step in the process for many of the employment-based visa programs, both temporary and permanent, that enable employers to hire foreign workers where workforce needs cannot be fulfilled through the U.S. workforce. In FY 2016, OFLC processed 775,979 employer applications for 1,699,957 positions for temporary and permanent labor certifications. This represents a nine percent increase in the overall number of processed applications from the previous year and a seven percent increase in job opportunities.

Information found in this report can be utilized by employers, educators, and the public workforce system to learn about occupations and careers that have seen employers seek out foreign talent. Further, this report shows a review of the past and a vision of how foreign labor certification is striving toward the future. ETA remains committed to fulfilling the Department’s statutory mandate by protecting U.S. workers, while at the same time helping employers access needed talent. William W. Thompson, II Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary Employment and Training Administration United States Department of Labor 1 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Introduction The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) permits foreign workers to come to the United States (U.S.) to work on either a temporary or permanent basis.

The Secretary of Labor (Secretary) plays a crucial role in the administration of certain employment-based visa programs in the INA. Many of the employment-based nonimmigrant visa categories, as well as two of the employment-based immigrant visa preferences, require a labor certification, labor condition application, or attestation to be filed and approved by the Department of Labor (Department) before an employer may petition the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for approval under a OFLC is committed to continuing and creating greater processing efficiencies to move forward while simultaneously protecting U.S. workers. designated visa program and the would-be employee may then apply to the Department of State (DOS) for a visa. The Secretary has two fundamental responsibilities outlined in the INA for virtually all of the nonimmigrant and immigrant visa programs administered by the Department. First, the Secretary must determine if there are any available, able, willing, and qualified U.S. workers in the area of intended employment.

This is accomplished through a test of the labor market. Second, the Secretary must ensure that the admission of a foreign worker in the requested position will not have an adverse effect on the wages and working conditions of similarly employed U.S. workers. The Secretary has delegated labor certification authority to the Employment and Training Administration’s Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC). OFLC receives and adjudicates applications from employers seeking to hire and bring foreign workers as immigrants to the U.S. in permanent positions in visa preference categories that require labor certifications.

OFLC also adjudicates applications in temporary nonimmigrant employment-based visa categories of H-1B, H-1B1 (Chile/Singapore), and E-3 (Australia) for professional and specialty occupations, H-2A for seasonal agricultural workers, H-2B for nonagricultural temporary workers, and D-1 for foreign longshore workers. Employers must comply with all applicable laws and regulations relevant to the particular employment-based visa program under which they are applying. Generally, in employment-based visa programs, employers must demonstrate that they have made efforts to recruit U.S. workers for the positions for which they are seeking foreign workers and guarantee that they will at least pay the required prevailing wage for the occupation in the area of intended employment. Receiving a labor certification is only the beginning of the employment-based process to access an immigrant or nonimmigrant.

The employer must then submit a petition to DHS’s U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, and the employee may need to apply to DOS for the issuance of a visa by which the worker enters the U.S. Each individual worker must meet admission standards and requirements listed in the INA. However, some visa categories have numerical limitations or caps set by Congress, which may restrict worker availability during certain times or seasons. OFLC’s National Office is responsible for policy and program oversight of the non-enforcement responsibilities delegated to the Secretary under the INA. OFLC operates three National Processing Centers (NPCs) for the adjudication of applications.

The Chicago, IL, center is responsible for adjudicating temporary nonimmigrant labor certification applications. The center in Atlanta, GA adjudicates permanent immigrant labor certification applications. The third center in Washington, DC processes requests for prevailing wage determinations (PWDs), which are required for applications in most OFLC programs. 2 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT The three NPCs are responsible for carrying out both operational and certain prescribed administrative functions.

The administrative functions include providing help desk assistance from which employers and stakeholders can obtain specific case updates and general application information. Program operations are handled by directors, certifying officers, and analysts who together review and adjudicate applications submitted by employers, to ensure compliance with all applicable statutes, regulations and relevant case law. The administrative staff also handles Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, data entry, case initiation, and IT functions. Most of OFLC’s application and determination processes are fully electronic in either the Department’s web-based iCERT Visa Portal System or the Permanent Electronic Review Management System (PERM) portal.

The iCERT system contains the Prevailing Wage, Labor Condition Application (LCA; H-1B1/E-3), H-2A, and H-2B Modules, which allow employers to electronically prepare, submit, track, save, reuse, and/or withdraw H-2A, H-2B, and LCA applications or PWD requests, and request PWD redeterminations, through an accessible on-line account. These electronic submission systems are in compliance with the Government Paperwork Reduction Act and are part of the President’s e-Government initiative. Striving and Moving Forward OFLC continues to develop initiatives designed to improve customer service and minimize processing delays. OFLC is committed to continuing and creating greater processing efficiencies to move forward while simultaneously protecting U.S. workers.

One approach focused on cross-training to utilize staff across the Atlanta, Chicago and Prevailing Wage Centers to meet peak season case processing needs. OFLC has also changed several processes to foster greater efficiency, like allowing electronic submission of documents in response to Certifying Officer requests and streamlining the process for demonstrating an employer’s need for a labor certification. OFLC has and will continue to conduct extensive outreach to the stakeholder community via webinars and Frequently Asked Questions providing guidance and filing tips to minimize delays related to filing deficiencies. OFLC Adjudications for FY2016 In FY 2016, OFLC processed 775,979 employer applications for 1,699,957 positions for temporary and permanent labor certifications.

The total number of case adjudication increased by 9 percent from the previous fiscal year. The National Prevailing Wage Center processed 133,242 PWD requests for use in the PERM, H-1B, H-1B1, E-3, and H-2B programs. This was an increase of 2,205 applications over the previous fiscal year, or 2 percent. The Chicago NPC processed 8,684 applications for H-2A labor certification, with a total of 172,654 requested positions and 165,741 certified positions, representing an increase of over 18 percent positions certified.

The H-2B labor certification application adjudications in FY 2016, in which 7,209 applications were processed for 143,311 requested positions, a decrease of 11 percent from the previous fiscal year. H-1B applications saw a 5 percent increase in the number of determinations issued in FY 2016 over FY 2015. The Department processed 633,943 H-1B applications, certifying 1,257,849 positions. In FY 2016, 126,143 permanent labor certification applications were adjudicated, a 41 percent increase from FY 2015, in which 89,151 applications were adjudicated.

775,979 employer applications 1,699,957 positions 3 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Summary of All OFLC Programs FY 2013 - 2016 Summary of Prevailing Wage Determinations FY 2013 through 2016 VISA TYPE PERM H-1B H-2B Total FY 2013 103,274 8,225 6,894 118,393 FY 2014 109,463 6,967 9,377 125,807 FY 2015 113,525 6,091 11,421 131,037 Summary of All Labor Certification Programs FY 2013 through 2016 FY 2016 114,733 4,611 13,898 133,242 VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 PERM H-1B* H-2A** H-2B Total Determinations Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations Labor Condition Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified Determinations 44,149 35,202 44,149 35,202 433,586 410,834 984,184 944,842 8,388 8,118 105,735 98,821 4,710 3,990 98,402 82,307 70,998 62,633 70,998 62,633 508,674 462,972 978,608 933,931 9,405 9,152 123,528 116,689 5,464 4,638 107,719 93,649 89,151 78,938 89,151 78,938 605,809 556,175 1,219,615 1,173,149 10,339 9,962 145,874 139,832 6,521 5,112 126,138 101,765 126,143 115,933 126,143 115,933 633,943 579,450 1,257,849 1,198,782 8,684 8,297 172,654 165,741 7,209 5,933 143,311 119,232 490,833 594,541 711,820 775,979 Applications Certified 458,144 539,395 650,187 709,613 Positions Requested 1,232,470 1,280,853 1,580,778 1,699,957 Positions Certified 1,161,172 1,206,902 1,493,684 1,599,688 *Does not Include data for E-3 and H-1B1. **In FY 2016, H-2A Determinations were calculated to include only the primary/master employer. In previous years, H-2A Determinations were calculated to include both the primary/master and sub-employers for each application. The total number of positions requested and certified for all years, previous and current, only included the primary requested/certified positions, which represents the total unique number of workers requested/ certified for the entire H-2A application, including all of the sub-employer records. 4 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT 1 Prevailing Wage Determination Process 5 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Prevailing Wage Determination Process — Overview The National Prevailing Wage Center (NPWC), in Washington, D.C., is responsible for determining prevailing wages for applications received in the temporary and permanent, non-agricultural foreign labor certification programs, including the PERM, H-1B, H-1B1, and H-2B programs.

The purpose of the prevailing wage determination (PWD) process is to ensure job opportunities are offered to workers at a wage that will not adversely affect the wages or working conditions of similarly- employed U.S. workers. PERM and H-2B program applicants are required to obtain a PWD prior to filing their labor certification applications, while H-1B applicants may provide their own wage determinations for their job opportunities, though they are strongly encouraged to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provided by reliance on a PWD issued by the NPWC. The PWD request process is almost entirely electronic, with nearly all applicants submitting their requests on the iCERT Visa Portal System (iCERT). Depending on the program, the PWD the NPWC issues may reflect the average wage of all similarly-employed workers in the occupation, the average wage of workers at the same skill level in the occupation, an agreed-upon collective bargaining wage, or the wage required by the McNamara-O’Hara Service Contract Act or the Davis-Bacon Act.

Prevailing Wage Determinations Issued The number of PWDs the NPWC issues does not reflect the actual number of labor certification or labor condition applications filed in the various foreign labor visa programs because a single PWD may be used once, more than once, or not at all. However, the number provides an indicator of interest in the programs for which the NPWC issues PWDs. In fiscal year (FY) 2016, the NPWC received a total of 161, 848 PWD requests. Of those requests, the NPWC issued a total of 133,242 PWDs, a 1.7 percent increase over FY 2015.

PWD requests in the PERM program accounted for the overwhelming bulk of applications, with the NPWC receiving 143,465 requests, which constitutes 88 percent of all requests. Of those requests, the NPWC issued a PWD for 114,733, which accounted for approximately 86 percent of all issued PWDs. The 12,881 requests received in the H-2B temporary nonagricultural certification program made up the second largest share of applications. The third largest share of determination requests was in the H-1B skilled, professional temporary worker program, for which the NPWC received 5,502 requests.

In addition, the NPWC responded to 11,816 help desk inquiries in FY 2016. Prevailing Wage Determinations* Issued by Status CASE STATUS H-1B** Determination Issued Redetermination Review - Affirmed Redetermination Review - Overturned - Modified Center Director Review - Affirmed Determination Center Director Review - Modified Determination 4,557 22 28 2 2 H-2B 13,782 PERM 113,052 - - 36 80 695 924 22 40 Total 4,611 13,898 114,733 *Determinations include: determinations, redeterminations and center director reviews ** H-1B Includes: H-1B, H-1B1 Chile and H-1B1 Signapore, E-3 Australian Prevailing Wage Determination* Issued by Quarter and Major Visa QUARTER H-2B H-1B PERM First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Total 1,043 1,276 1,685 607 4,611 5,944 2,171 1,198 4,585 13,898 30,783 31,466 32,710 19,774 114,733 *Determinations include: determinations, redeterminations and Center Director reviews 6 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Prevailing Wage Determinations* Issued Based on Area of Intended Employment by State and U.S. Territory H-1B H-2B PERM STATE Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska TOTAL ISSUED 723 203 1,762 438 64 1 36 10 32,296 370 1,579 1,211 487 594 6,940 3,748 75 137 297 5,407 1,085 529 640 614 1,010 463 2,327 5,084 4,052 1,264 311 1,179 235 369 23 14 10 25 386 177 — 5 4 337 189 18 121 58 21 4 152 217 153 22 67 14 6 6 166 147 271 149 405 438 55 57 — 868 259 — 5 73 184 103 61 134 133 618 364 354 764 323 251 113 338 158 57 493 55 1,455 279 31,521 1,118 1,142 420 569 5,686 3,312 75 127 220 4,886 793 450 385 423 371 95 1,821 4,103 3,576 991 131 827 71 306 STATE Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Northern Mariana Islands Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming TOTAL ISSUED H-1B H-2B PERM 389 386 7,294 267 11,711 2,673 528 81 2,378 593 1,599 3,339 104 245 695 602 958 6 1 94 7 200 323 33 6 225 6 9 60 13 1 86 12 89 89 111 336 16 832 293 325 10 420 217 90 618 6 48 270 510 154 294 274 6,864 244 10,679 2,057 170 65 1,733 370 1,500 2,661 85 196 339 80 715 13,455 663 1,750 11,042 697 193 14 4,129 4,745 159 833 115 6 — — 25 135 55 45 1 193 100 — 394 108 21 60 78 498 93 14 3,710 4,502 83 728 36 *Determinations include: determinations, redeterminations and Center Director reviews 7 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 States for Prevailing Wage Determinations California, Texas, and New York were the three States with the most PWDs issued. The NPWC also issued the greatest number of PERM determinations to employers in these three states. Employers in California received 32,296 total PWDs in FY 2016, more than any other state, followed by Texas, for which the NPWC issued 13,455 PWDs, and New York, for which the NPWC issued 11,711.

Among employers intending to pursue temporary H-1B specialty worker visas, the greatest demand for PWDs appeared in Texas, Florida, California, and Illinois, with the NPWC issuing 663 PWDs for Texas employers, 386 in Florida, 370 in California, and 337 in Illinois. Texas, Florida, and New York employers topped the list of H-2B PWD recipients, with each state accounting for 1,750, 868, and 832 PWDs, respectively. PERM 31,521 11,042 10,679 6,864 5,686 4,886 4,103 4,502 3,710 3,576 H-1B H-2B PERM Top 10 States for Wage Determinations by Major Visa Classifications DETERMINATIONS STATE H-1B H-2B 32,296 13,455 11,711 7,294 6,940 5,407 5,084 4,745 4,129 4,052 370 663 200 94 386 337 217 135 25 153 405 1,750 832 336 868 184 764 108 394 323 California Texas New York New Jersey Florida Illinois Massachusetts Washington Virginia Michigan California Texas New York New Jersey Florida Illinois Massachusetts Washington Virginia Michigan 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 8 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wage Determinations In FY 2016, as is typical, the most requested occupations were in computer-related occupations like: Software Developers, Applications; Software Developers, Systems Software; and Computer Systems Analysts. Total Wage Determinations for the Top 10 Occupations OCCUPATION DETERMINATIONS AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Computer and Information Systems Managers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Marketing Managers Computer Occupations, All Other Financial Managers Accountants and Auditors 27,269 9,093 8,430 4,613 3,953 3,866 3,115 2,507 2,293 2,241 $48.84 $53.73 $44.70 $12.85 $70.26 $48.43 $67.31 $44.61 $71.50 $35.99 Average Wage for the Top 10 Occupations Financial Managers received the highest average hourly wage of the top 10 occupations at $71.50, an increase of $0.58 over FY 2015, while Computer and Information System Managers earned a similarly high average wage of $70.26 per hour.

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers received the lowest average hourly wage of the top 10 occupations at $12.85, an increase of $0.56 over FY 2015. 9 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top Occupations and Employers for Prevailing Wages The following computer-related occupations constituted 51 percent of the total PWDs issued: Software Developers (Applications), with 27,269 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $48.84; Computer Systems Analysts, with 8,430 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $44.70; Software Developers (Systems Software), with 9,093 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $53.73; and Computer and Information Systems Managers, with 3,953 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $70.26. Of these occupations, Software Developers (Applications) was by far the most requested, accounting for 20 percent of all PWDs. Among employers requesting workers in the PERM Program, the Microsoft Corporation, Deloitte Consulting, LLP, and Oracle America, Inc. received the most PWDs in FY 2016.

Top Five Employers in the Top Four Occupations TOP 4 OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYER Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wages OCCUPATIONS DETERMINATIONS Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Microsoft Corporation Software Developers, Applications 27,269 Deloitte Consulting LLP Software Developers, Systems Software 9,093 Oracle America Inc. Computer Systems Analysts Intuit Inc. LinkedIn Corporation Intel Corporation Oracle America Inc. Cisco Systems Inc. Yahoo! Inc. Apple Inc. Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Computer and Information Systems Managers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 3,866 Marketing Managers Computer Occupations, All Other Financial Managers 8,430 4,613 3,953 3,115 2,507 2,293 2,241 Deloitte Consulting LLP Accountants and Auditors Microsoft Corporation Google Inc. Deloitte & Touche LLP Pricewaterhousecoopers Advisory Services LLC Oracle America Inc. The Brickman Group Ltd. LLC Valleycrest Companies Landscapes Unlimited, LLC Three Seasons Landscape Contracting Services Inc. Landcare 10 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Striving and Moving Forward The NPWC continues to work on streamlining the application process to ensure consistency and efficiency. To ensure transparency of the NPWC decision-making processes to stakeholders, the NPWC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible. This entails holding stakeholder meetings to allow stakeholders to have face-to-face opportunities and webinars to raise concerns directly to NPWC.

NPWC also makes great efforts to respond to stakeholder concerns by publishing “Frequently Asked Questions” on topics that stakeholders bring to NPWC. To ensure transparency of NPWC decision-making process to stakeholders, the NPWC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible. 11 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION 2 Permanent Labor Certification 12 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Atlanta National Processing Center The National Processing Center in Atlanta, Georgia (Atlanta NPC) is responsible for processing applications received by OFLC for permanent labor certifications under the INA. The Atlanta NPC adjudicates applications for permanent employment-based immigration filed primarily through the Permanent Electronic Review Management (PERM) online submission system, which employers are encouraged, but not required to use.

The Atlanta NPC staff also oversees audits of employers as part of OFLC’s integrity measures and is responsible for preparing files for appeal to the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals. The Atlanta NPC oversees supervised recruitment for those employers who are required to submit their recruitment plans and results to the Atlanta NPC. In FY 2016, the Atlanta NPC processed an average of 2,426 applications per week, 10,512 applications per month, and 31,536 applications per quarter. In total, the Atlanta NPC certified 115,933 applications and denied 5,560 applications, and 4,650 applications were withdrawn, for a total of 126,143 applications processed during FY 2016.

From the total number of applications processed at the Atlanta NPC in FY 2016, the Appeals unit received 2,735 appeals and processed 3,390 appeals. The Atlanta NPC had 54,558 pending cases on October 1, 2016 and ended FY 2016 with 26,669 pending cases – a 104 percent decrease in pending caseload. In addition, the Atlanta NPC responded to 54,304 help desk inquiries in FY 2016. Summary of the Permanent Labor Certification Program Under the permanent labor certification program, an employer seeking to hire a foreign worker to work as an immigrant in the U.S. must submit an application for labor certification that, if granted, would certify to the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that there are not sufficient U.S. workers who are able, willing, qualified, and available to perform the service sought, and that the employment of the foreign worker will not have an adverse impact on the wages and working conditions of similarly employed workers in the United States.

An employer must obtain a labor certification from DOL before it can submit most types of immigrant visa petitions to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), part of the DHS. Prior to submitting an application to initiate the employment-based permanent residence process in PERM (unless the employer has been placed in supervised recruitment) the employer must undertake a test of the labor market to determine whether U.S. workers are able, willing, qualified, and available for the job opportunity in the area where the job will be performed. The test involves mandatory and discretionary advertising at several levels. If no available U.S. workers are identified, the employer may file an Application for Permanent Employment Certification evidencing the recruitment efforts undertaken and other required information.

All required program-related conditions must be met prior to OFLC granting a permanent labor certification. In FY 2016, employers filed 97,504 applications, an 11 percent increase from FY 2015, during which 87,644 applications were filed, and a 26 percent increase from FY 2014, during which 74,936 applications were filed. Twenty-eight states each had more than 500 permanent labor certifications in FY 2016. California, Texas, New Jersey, New York, Washington, Illinois, Massachusetts, Georgia, Virginia, Florida, Michigan, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania were the States with the greatest numbers of permanent labor certifications.

13 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Permanent Labor Certifications by U.S. State and Union Territory WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED California Texas New Jersey New York Washington Illinois Massachusetts Georgia Virginia Florida Michigan North Carolina Pennsylvania Ohio Maryland Arizona Oregon Wisconsin Connecticut Missouri Indiana Colorado Minnesota South Carolina Tennessee Delaware Alabama Kentucky Iowa 27,547 15,593 9,166 8,453 6,473 4,434 3,979 3,822 3,771 3,657 3,536 2,915 2,644 1,934 1,474 1,251 1,246 1,194 1,062 991 948 875 866 838 656 560 531 527 456 District of Columbia Arkansas Utah Kansas Nebraska Louisiana Oklahoma New Hampshire New Mexico Nevada Rhode Island Mississippi Idaho North Dakota Guam Vermont West Virginia Maine Hawaii South Dakota Puerto Rico Montana Alaska Wyoming Northern Mariana Islands Virgin Islands — Marshall Islands Grand Total 426 398 380 368 358 332 295 242 229 203 181 147 126 126 118 96 94 93 72 61 57 53 36 27 10 4 1 1 115,933 14 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Permanent Labor Certifications by Top Five NAICS Industry Codes Most industries, as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), experienced increases in the number of certifications sought in FY 2016. Together, the top five industries by NAICS code accounted for 81 percent of the total number of permanent labor certifications in FY 2016. The number of permanent labor certifications for occupations listed under the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services industry accounted for 45 percent of all permanent labor certifications. This industry accounts for the largest number of certifications in the PERM program.

The other industries rounding out the top five were Manufacturing (16.03%), Information (9.39%), Finance and Insurance (5.68%), and Retail and Trade (4.39%). Top Five Industries by NAICS INDUSTRY TITLE NAICS SECTOR POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED 54 31-33 51 52 44-45 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Manufacturing Information Finance and Insurance Retail and Trade 52,514 18,583 10,882 6,585 5,093 45.30% 16.03% 9.39% 5.68% 4.39% Permanent Labor Certification by NAICS Code NAICS SECTOR INDUSTRY TITLE 54 31-33 51 52 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Manufacturing Information Finance and Insurance 44-45 Retail and Trade 61 62 72 42 56 81 23 Educational Services Health Care and Social Assistance Accommodation and Food Service Wholesale Trade Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services Other Services (Except Public Administration) Construction 48-49 Transportation and Warehousing 55 53 11 21 22 71 92 Management of Companies and Enterprises Real Estate Rental and Leasing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining Utilities Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Public Administration No classification Total Certified POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED 52,514 18,583 10,882 6,585 5,093 5,083 4,432 3,196 2,460 1,656 1,286 999 640 624 420 371 322 288 258 143 98 115,933 45.30% 16.03% 9.39% 5.68% 4.39% 4.38% 3.82% 2.76% 2.12% 1.43% 1.11% 0.86% 0.55% 0.54% 0.36% 0.32% 0.28% 0.25% 0.22% 0.12% 0.08% 100.00% 15 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Occupations with More Than 1,000 Certifications Employers apply for permanent labor certification in almost every occupational classification. The Department uses the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system developed for use by Federal statistical agencies. The occupations in the table below represent those in which more than 1,000 applications were certified in FY 2016.

These occupations constitute approximately 72 percent of all permanent labor certifications granted in FY 2016. Of the occupations for which more than 1,000 positions were certified in FY 2016, Software Developers, Applications was the most requested occupation coming in at 35.5 percent of the total positions certified. Occupations with More Than 1,000 Permanent Labor Certifications SOC 15-1132 15-1121 15-1133 17-2072 11-3021 15-1142 13-2011 51-3022 17-2141 11-2021 15-2041 17-2071 13-1111 13-1161 15-1141 13-2051 29-1063 11-3031 JOB TITLE Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers Network and Computer Systems Administrators* Accountants and Auditors Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Mechanical Engineers Marketing Managers Statisticians Electrical Engineers Management Analysts Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists* Database Administrators Financial Analysts Internists, General Financial Managers TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE ANNUAL WAGE OFFER 41,147 10,642 7,868 3,563 2,935 1,940 1,869 1,650 1,573 1,414 1,271 1,268 1,253 1,166 1,163 1,151 1,028 1,017 $101,870.18 $94,057.27 $116,196.59 $104,815.64 $137,432.99 $91,491.61 $77,577.95 $19,824.99 $86,973.84 $132,825.80 $94,147.64 $92,783.48 $112,040.44 $64,619.58 $92,418.22 $118,426.25 $207,864.15 $143,167.46 16 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top Five Occupations for Top Five Countries The largest number of permanent labor certifications in FY 2016 was filed for foreign workers originating from India, China, South Korea, Canada, and Mexico. Software Developers, Applications; Computer Systems Analysts; Software Developers, Systems Software, Computer and Information Systems Managers and Circuit Design Engineers comprised the majority of job opportunities filled by employers with foreign workers from India and China.

Top Five Occupations for the Top Five Countries of Origin COUNTRY OCCUPATION Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts India Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Circuit Design Engineers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software China Circuit Design Engineers Statisticians Accountants and Auditors Cutters and Trimmers, Meat, Fish, and Poultry Apprentices, Butcher South Korea Blending Tank Helpers Attendants, Mess Packers and Packagers, Hand Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Canada Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Systems Analysts Circuit Design Engineers Software Developers, Applications Efficiency Engineers Mexico Computer Systems Analysts Banquet Cooks Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education POSITIONS CERTIFIED 32,725 TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED IN COUNTRY 9,113 5,164 2,196 2,132 3,071 1,041 560 523 407 883 471 337 300 277 783 258 153 149 130 241 98 77 73 67 65,095 9,932 8,349 3,999 2,149 17 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Permanent Labor Certification By State and Territory In FY 2016, 19 states represented the primary work locations for more than 1,000 permanent labor certifications. California, Texas, New Jersey, New York, and Washington each had more than 5,000 permanent labor certifications, with California and Texas both having more than 15,000. California tops the nation with having 27,547 permanent labor certifications. States with More Than 1,000 Permanent Labor Certifications JOB INFO WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED JOB INFO WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED California Texas New Jersey New York Washington Illinois Massachusetts Georgia Virginia WA OR CA 27,547 15,593 9,166 8,453 6,473 4,434 3,979 3,822 3,771 Florida Michigan North Carolina Pennsylvania Ohio Maryland Arizona Oregon Wisconsin Connecticut 3,657 3,536 2,915 2,644 1,934 1,474 1,251 1,246 1,194 1,062 WI MI NY MA CT PA NJ IL OH MD VA NC GA FL AZ TX 18 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT States with Most Certifications and Top Major Industries California, Texas, New Jersey, New York, and Washington were the five states with the largest numbers of permanent labor certifications in FY 2016.

Within those states the occupations of highest demand in FY 2016 were all in Information Technology. California, with 27,547 certifications, received almost 24 percent of the total number of permanent labor certifications issued in FY 2016. Five States with the Most Permanent Labor Certifications STATES TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED California Texas New Jersey New York Washington Total Certified 27,547 15,593 9,166 8,453 6,473 115,933 23.76% 13.45% 7.91% 7.29% 5.58% Top Two Major Industries (Occupations) for the Top Five States WORK STATE INDUSTRY PERM CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS California Texas New Jersey New York Illinois Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts 8,772 4,620 6,706 2,441 4,552 1,697 2,011 690 4,211 399 19 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 Cities for Permanent Labor Certifications TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY STATE CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED NY TX New York 5,704 Bloomberg LP 256 Software Developers, Applications 209 College Station 4,268 Cognizant Technology Solutions US Corporation 4,192 Software Developers, Applications 3,062 WA Redmond Microsoft Corporation 2,995 Software Developers, Applications 319 660 1,253 1,504 1,015 83 663 CA CA CA San Francisco San Jose 3,268 2,957 2,674 Salesforce.com Cisco Systems Inc. Mountain View 2,469 Google Inc. WA Seattle TX TX CA Plano Houston Sunnyvale 2,186 2,178 2,160 2,064 Amazon Corporate LLC Infosys Ltd. Muy Pizza Houston LLC Yahoo! Inc. Redmond Seattle San Francisco Mountain View Sunnyvale San Jose San Diego 2,410 192 Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software 497 Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Cooks, Fast Food 949 957 460 51 Software Developers, Systems Software 371 New York College Station Dallas Houston 20 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Countries with over 1,000 Certifications The top three countries represented 72 percent of the total number of certifications in FY 2016.

In FY 2016, India remained the country of origin with the most certifications for foreign workers in the permanent labor certification program. China remained the country of origin with the second highest number of permanent labor certifications. South Korea has the third highest number of permanent labor certifications. Workers from India represented approximately 56 percent of permanent labor certifications approved, while each of the other countries represented approximately 8 percent or less of certifications.

Countries of Immigrant Origin (Citizenship) with More Than 1,000 Certified Positions COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER INDIA CHINA SOUTH KOREA CANADA MEXICO Total Certified 65,095 9,932 8,349 3,999 2,149 115,933 56.15% 8.57% 7.20% 3.45% 1.85% $103,033.66 $92,283.53 $46,419.14 $118,976.63 $80,513.82 21 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Twenty-Five Employers with the Highest Number of Certifications Many of the top 25 employers are technology or computer-related companies. Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation was the employer with the highest number of applications certified during FY 2016, with 4,243 applications. Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporationreceived 3.7 percent of all certified applications. The top three occupations for FY2016 were Software Developers, Applications, Computer Systems Analysts, and Software Developers, Systems Software.

Some of the other occupations certified for the top 25 employers were Network and Computer Systems Administrator, Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers, and Accountants and Auditors. Occupations Certified Most Often for the 25 Employers with the Highest Number of Certified Applications EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP TWO OCCUPATIONS FOR EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY OCCUPATION FOR EACH EMPLOYER Cognizant Technology Solutions US Corporation 4,243 Microsoft Corporation Intel Corporation Google Inc. Amazon Corporate LLC Infosys Ltd. Apple Inc. Cisco Systems Inc. Wipro Limited Oracle America Inc. Facebook Inc. Yahoo! Inc. Deloitte Consulting LLP HCL America Inc. 3,326 1,944 1,739 1,603 1,117 992 892 808 737 715 713 671 644 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Network and Computer Systems Administrators Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Systems Software Software Developers, Applications Chief Technology Officer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications 3,099 1,143 2,593 128 861 575 1,301 74 1,027 149 493 445 300 206 561 73 370 338 333 154 489 77 393 215 241 217 279 273 22 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT EMPLOYER Igate Technologies Inc. House of Raeford Farms Inc. Defender Services Inc. JP Morgan Chase Co. Salesforce.com TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED 591 573 459 436 400 Capgemini Financial Services USA Inc. 357 Ernst & Young U.S. LLP Wayne Farms LLC LinkedIn Corporation Abbyland Foods Inc. Cummins Inc. 348 334 329 322 198 TOP TWO OCCUPATIONS FOR EMPLOYER Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Packers and Packagers, Hand Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Systems Analysts Accountants and Auditors Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Slaughterers and Meat Packers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Packers and Packagers, Hand Mechanical Engineers Industrial Engineers TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY OCCUPATION FOR EACH EMPLOYER 370 160 573 413 46 191 60 240 50 321 35 122 115 304 30 183 56 322 109 44 Total Positions Certified by Occupation for Each Employer 20,151 23 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Education Sector in the Permanent Labor Certification Program Permanent labor certification applications from educational industry accounted for approximately 4.4 percent of the total positions certified in FY 2016, or 5,083 certifications. Education, Training, and Library occupations were the most sought positions by educational employers, with these occupations constituting 72.75 percent of the educational positions certified, or 3,698 permanent labor certifications.

This wide occupational category includes occupations from pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, and middle school, secondary school, and special education teachers, through post-secondary teachers in their various specialty areas. It also includes teaching assistants, self-enrichment education teachers, librarians, curators, archivists, audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists, and instructional designers and coordinators. In the occupational categories with the next highest percentages of positions certified for educational employers, Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations, 389 positions being certified. Computer and Mathematical Occupations constituted 7.28 percent of the total educational positions certified.

Management Occupations constituted 3.92 percent. Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations constituted 2.36 percent. All other occupations individually accounting for less than 1 percent of the positions certified for educational employers. In FY 2016, the States with the highest demand from educational employers each had over 100 certified positions.

Texas, California, and New York were among those States experiencing the highest demand among educational employers in PERM in FY 2016, with 497 positions certified for California, 419 positions certified for Texas, and 322 positions certified for New York. Top 10 Permanent Labor Education Certifications by SOC Occupation Code SOC CODE SOC OCCUPATION TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 25-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 3,698 72.75% 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 11-0000 Management Occupations 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 27-0000 Arts Design, Entertainments, Sports, and Media Occupations 13-0000 21-0000 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations Business and Financial Operation Occupations Community and Social Service Occupations 43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 23-0000 Legal Occupations 41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations — — 389 370 199 120 96 82 45 32 26 10 6 5 3 1 1 7.65% 7.28% 3.92% 2.36% 1.89% 1.61% 0.89% 0.63% 0.51% 0.20% 0.12% 0.10% 0.06% 0.02% 0.02% Total Permanent Labor Education Positions Certified 5,083 100.00% Total Permanent Labor Certification Positions Certified 115,933 24 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 States for Permanent Labor Education Certifications and Top Three Employers for Each State STATE TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED EMPLOYER California 497 University of California, Berkeley California State University Texas 419 Garland Independent School District University of Southern California Dallas Independent School District Harmony Public Schools State University of New York New York 322 New York City Department of Education Florida 184 Florida State University Syracuse University University of Florida University of Miami University of Illinois Illinois 161 Southern Illinois University Northwestern University The Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania 161 University of Pennsylvania Bucknell University University Of Michigan Michigan 156 Michigan State University Oakland University University of Cincinnatti Ohio 134 Kent State University The Ohio University* Boston College Massachusetts 130 Harvard University Indiana 129 *Tied with Ohio State University. Trustees of Boston University Purdue University Indiana University Ball State University TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR THE EMPLOYER 30 25 22 38 30 29 77 29 16 42 30 26 42 18 12 42 19 7 61 28 9 16 31 9 15 14 11 63 31 9 25 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Striving and Moving Forward The Atlanta NPC continues to work on streamlining the application process of OFLC’s PERM program to ensure consistency and efficiency while maintaining the integrity of the program. This past fiscal year, employers submitted over 100,000 PERM applications requesting foreign workers.

The majority of those job openings were for professional occupations in the Information Technology field. Additionally, advances in technology and information dissemination have dramatically altered common industry recruitment practices. In response to ongoing public feedback, the PERM program strives to align with employers or industry needs and practices while maintaining its mission to protect U.S. workers. As a result, to ensure transparency of the Certifying Officer’s decision-making process to stakeholders, the Atlanta NPC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible.

This entails holding stakeholder meetings to allow stakeholders to have face-to-face opportunities to raise concerns directly to staff. Also, the Atlanta NPC makes great efforts to respond and publish “Frequently Asked Questions” on topics that stakeholders bring forth to the Atlanta NPC. Through additional efforts of outreach in the PERM program, OFLC anticipates even more collaborative communication in the future. 26 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT 3 Temporary Programs 27 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Chicago National Processing Center The Chicago NPC is responsible for processing applications received by OFLC from employers throughout the United States that seek temporary workers under the H-2A Agricultural Program, H-2B Non-agricultural Program, H-1B Specialty (Professional) Worker Program (including H-1B1 for Chile and Singapore and E-3 for Australia), and D-1 Crewmember (Longshore) Program.

On average, in FY 2016, the Chicago NPC processed 2,545 applications per day, 12,727 applications per week, and 55,149 applications per month for the H-2A, H-2B, H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3 programs combined. The Chicago NPC received on average 169 applications per week for the H-2A program, 138 applications per week for the H-2B program, and 11,890 applications per week for the H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3 programs. The Chicago NPC processed two D-1 applications in FY 2016. Cross-trained analysts enabled the Chicago NPC to be more flexible and meet processing goals, as does expanded use of electronic communication and filing capabilities.

Direct electronic communications with employers are decreasing mailing costs and increasing efficiency. The Help Desk e-mail boxes received approximately 52,311 emails in FY 2016, which is lower than the previous year when the NPC received approximately 58,994 inquiries. Ombudsman Program The OFLC Ombudsman Program was created in February of 2012 to improve customer service and strengthen stakeholder confidence in OFLC case processing. The Ombudsman Program provides accessible and consistent service to OFLC stakeholders by conducting independent and impartial inquiries into issues related to the administration of the H-2A and H-2B temporary visa programs.

The Ombudsman Program answers inquiries on a variety of topics. These include questions from agents and employers regarding case delays, procedural questions on issues such as wages, designation by the Wage and Hour Division as a foreign labor contractor, and inquiries about workers’ compensation and surety bonds. The Program also receives inquiries from advocate groups concerned with terms in job orders, alleged nonexistent corporations, recruitment practices, and the temporary nature of the work in an application. The Ombudsman Program also identifies areas in which employers and worker advocate organizations have concerns in dealing with the OFLC and proposes internal recommendations designed to continuously improve the quality of services provided by the OFLC.

There is no fee for using the Ombudsman Program. As a result of the Ombudsman program, recommendations suggesting a program-wide process or policy change may also result from the inquiries and resulting reviews. The Program receives inquiries by e-mail. The Ombudsman Team initially responds to inquiries within one business day; its goal is to resolve inquires within 15 days.

The Program also conducts outreach regarding program or policy changes, such as website postings and e-mail updates to stakeholders. The Ombudsman Team tracks all inquiries and follows the resolution of each question or concern, looking for patterns or notable problems to be overcome on a programmatic (rather than case-specific) basis. During fiscal year 2016, OFLC received over 1500 email inquiries. Of those inquiries, over 600 inquiries were received regarding the H-2A program and the vast majority of these inquiries were seeking processing status of their H-2A cases.

Of the overall inquiries received via OFLC’s Ombudsman box, over 900 emails received involved H-2B inquiries regarding case specific questions. Some emails raised issues and others sought clarification. 28 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Summary of Temporary Labor Certification Programs The Department issues labor certifications for several temporary, non-immigrant visa programs which require an employer to have obtained a valid labor certification or labor condition application as a first step in obtaining a visa for a foreign-born worker. A valid labor certification indicates that the employment of a foreign worker will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of workers in the United States who are similarly employed and that there are not sufficient U.S. workers to perform the work.

These nonimmigrant programs are H-1B Specialty (Professional) Worker Program; H-1B1 Specialty Worker Program (Chile and Singapore); E-3 Specialty Worker Program (Australia); H-2A (Agricultural) Program; H-2B (Non-Agricultural) Program; and the D-1 Crewmember (Longshore) Program. OFLC data for FY 2016 shows a 4.6 percent increase in the number of H-1B applications (not including H-1B1 and E-3) adjudicated and a 4 percent increase in the number of applications certified. The number of positions requested increased by 3 percent and the number of H-1B positions certified, increased by 2 percent, in FY 2016. In the H-2A program, there was a 16 percent decrease in the number of H-2A applications adjudicated and a 17 percent increase in the number of applications certified.

The number of positions requested increased by 18 percent from FY 2015 to 172,654 positions. In the H-2B program, there were marked increases for the number of applications adjudicated and certified, 11 and 16 percent, respectively. The number of positions certified for the H-2B program increased by 17 percent from FY 2015, to a total of 119,232. H-1B Temporary Labor Certification — Overview The H-1B program allows an employer to temporarily employ a foreign worker in the United States in a specialty occupation or as a fashion model of distinguished merit and ability.

A specialty occupation requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent in education and/or experience in the specialized discipline (e.g., Science, Medicine and Healthcare, Education, Biotechnology, and Business Specialties). Current law limits the number of foreign workers who may be issued a new H-1B visa to 65,000 each fiscal year, with certain exceptions, with an additional 20,000 visas designated for those possessing advanced degrees earned at U.S. institutions. To apply, an employer must file a Labor Condition Application (LCA) with OFLC for processing. OFLC reviews the document, which contains the employer’s attestations to its obligations in the H-1B program, for obvious errors and omissions and certifies the Department’s acceptance of the attestations.

29 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top Three H-1B Occupations FY 2016 data for OFLC demonstrates an increase in demand for job opportunities for H-1B workers who are educated and skilled in specialized occupations compared to 2015. There was a 3 percent increase in the number of H-1B positions requested and over a 2 percent increase in the number of positions certified compared to FY 2015. As has been the case in previous years, the top three occupations for positions certified were all IT-related occupations, with Computer Systems Analysts representing almost 24 percent of the total H-1B positions certified (285,352 positions) in FY 2016, which is nearly as much as the next two combined. Top Three Occupations for H-1B Certified Positions TOP THREE OCCUPATIONS TOTAL H-1B APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL H-1B POSITIONS CERTIFIED CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS AS % OF ALL H-1B APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS AS % OF ALL CERTIFIED H-1B POSITIONS Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Total of Top Three Occupations All Other Occupations Total Overall Certifications 90,502 110,432 74,960 275,894 303,556 579,450 285,352 183,126 105,658 574,136 624,646 1,198,782 15.62% 19.06% 12.94% 47.61% 52.39% 23.80% 15.28% 8.81% 47.89% 52.11% 30 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Employers for H-1B and the Top Occupations and Work States Deloitte Consulting LLP was the top employer for H-1B positions certified in FY 2016, with 163,625 positions certified, equivalent to nearly 14 percent of the total number of H-1B positions certified this fiscal year.

California was the top work state for five out of the top ten H-1B employers. Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and California rounded out the top states for the top ten H-1B employers. All but one of the top 10 H-1B employers’ top occupations were in the computer related fields such as computer systems analysts and computer programmers. Top 10 Employers for H-1B for Positions Certified and the Top Occupations and Work State for Employers EMPLOYER POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF ALL H-1B CERTIFIED POSITIONS TOP WORK STATE FOR EMPLOYER TOP OCCUPATION FOR EMPLOYER Deloitte Consulting LLP 163,625 13.65% Pennsylvania Computer Systems Analysts Cognizant Technology Solutions US Corporation 97,472 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 54,093 Capgemini America, Inc. 47,224 WIPRO Limited Infosys Limited Apple Inc. 32,243 25,462 23,037 Tata Consultancy Services Limited 17,116 Birlasoft Inc. Mphasis Corporation 16,796 16,245 8.13% 4.51% 3.94% 2.69% 2.12% 1.92% 1.43% 1.40% 1.36% Total of Top 10 Occupations 493,313 41.15% All Other Occupations 705,469 58.85% Total Overall Certifications 1,198,782 New Jersey Computer Systems Analysts California Accountants and Auditors Illinois Software Developers, Systems Software California Computer Occupations, All Other California Computer Systems Analysts California Computer Occupations, All Other California Computer Programmers New York Computer Systems Analysts Texas Computer Programmers 31 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION States With More Than 5,000 Certified H-1B LCAs There were 23 States in which at least 5,000 certified LCAs were issued.

California led the country in the most certified LCAs with 20 percent of the total or 105,159. In addition to California, Texas, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania rounded out the top five and had just 48.54 percent of the total certified LCAs. All of the top five states continued the trend of seeing an increase in certified LCAs, except New Jersey, which experienced a decrease by 0.03 percent. California increased its certified LCAs by 3 percent in FY2016 over FY2015 and Pennsylvania increased by 5.5 percent.

New York saw an increase of 7 percent of certified LCAs over FY2015, maintaining third place from last year, while Texas increased by 9 percent; maintaining second from the previous year. Trend of FY 2013 Top Five State Over the Fiscal Years 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016 STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED FISCAL YEAR California Texas New York New Jersey Pennsylvania FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2013 FY2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2012 FY2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY2013 FY2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2013 FY2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 Total Top 5 States FY 2016 Total Overall FY 2016 Percent of Total FY 2016 77,633 86,562 102,100 105,159 39,569 46,342 56,422 61,624 37,407 40,978 46,561 49,790 28,142 34,036 44,366 44,228 15,910 17,541 20,438 21,560 281,239 579,450 48.54% 172,393 172,318 208,689 227,039 75,563 84,612 106,745 120,479 73,647 76,105 93,560 99,932 62,008 65,505 85,602 77,688 41,143 48,550 63,058 75,681 588,196 1,198,782 49.07% 32 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Cities for H-1B by Positions Certified CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY New York, NY Philadelphia, PA Chicago, IL 67,789 41,257 33,718 Deloitte Consulting, LLP Deloitte Consulting, LLP Deloitte Consulting, LLP Houston, TX 307,002 Deloitte Consulting, LLP San Francisco, CA 28,934 Atlanta, GA San Jose, CA Cupertino, CA Dallas, TX Austin, TX 28,316 27,843 18,444 18,440 17,390 Deloitte Consulting, LLP Deloitte Consulting, LLP Cisco Systems, Inc. Apple Inc Deloitte Consulting, LLP Apple Inc 6,829 31,183 7,391 3,585 3,310 5,077 3,202 17,501 5,071 5,452 TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY Software Developer, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Software Developer, Systems Software Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developer, Systems Software Electrical Engineers San Francisco San Jose Cupertino Chicago Philadelphia New York Atlanta Dallas Austin Houston 33 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION E-3 Australian Temporary Specialty Worker Program The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, P.L. 109- 13, produced the E-3 Australia Specialty Worker Program. This program allows employers to temporarily employ foreign professionals from Australia to work in the United States. Current law provides for 10,500 new visas each fiscal year for Australian nationals seeking temporary work in specialty occupations that require, at a minimum, a bachelor’s degree in the field of specialization.

As with the H-1B and H-1B1 programs, an LCA is filed with OFLC. E-3 certification is valid for the period of employment indicated on the LCA, which may be up to two years. In FY 2016, 11,314 E-3 positions were certified from 10,213 applications. New York and California were the top work states for E-3 positions, each with well over 2,000 positions certified and together accounting for over 56.4 percent of the total E-3 positions certified in FY 2016.

The top 10 occupations reflected on E-3 certifications were IT-related occupations, business, management, and financial occupations. Top Five States for E-3 Australia Positions Certified STATE New York California Texas Washington Illinois Top 10 Occupations for E-3 Australia OCCUPATION Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Management Analysts Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Financial Analysts Accountants and Auditors Marketing Managers General and Operations Managers Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Occupations, All Other Total Top 10 E-3 Occupations Total Overall E-3 POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR E-3 3,476 2,905 686 557 384 30.72% 25.68% 6.06% 4.92% 3.39% APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED 889 601 335 513 391 297 440 399 179 316 4,360 10,213 911 738 535 513 502 445 440 400 347 323 5,154 11,314 34 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT H-1B1 Temporary Specialty Worker Program On January 1, 2004, the H-1B1 Specialty Worker Program was implemented, allowing employers to temporarily employ foreign professionals from Chile and Singapore in the United States in specialty occupations. This program was established by the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 108-77) and the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 108-78). Current law provides for 1,400 new visas for foreign workers from Chile and 5,400 for foreign workers from Singapore each fiscal year.

Similar to the H-1B and E-3 programs, an LCA is filed with OFLC. Like the H-1B certification, the H-1B1 certification is valid for the period of employment indicated on the LCA, which may be up to three years. As defined by statute, a specialty occupation requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent in the specific specialty (e.g., Science, Medicine and Healthcare, Education, Biotechnology, and Business Specialties). Both H-1B1 Chile and H-1B1 Singapore allow for alternative credentials for certain professions, including Disaster Relief Claims Adjuster and Management Consultant professionals from both countries.

For Chilean nationals only, Agricultural Managers and Physical Therapists can also qualify with alternative requirements. In FY 2016, the top work States for H-1B1 Chile positions certified were California, Florida, and New York, each with more than 100 positions certified. These three States accounted for 54 percent of the positions certified for the H-1B1 Chile program. The top 10 occupations for the H-1B1 Chile program in FY 2016 varied widely and included IT-related occupations, which made up more than 47 percent of all positions certified for the H-1B1 Chile program.

Other non-computer related occupations included marketing, financial, and architectural occupations. Top Five States for H-1B1 Chile Positions Certified STATE California Florida New York Washington Massachusetts POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR H-1B1 CHILE 187 158 106 68 45 22.53% 19.04% 12.77% 8.19% 5.42% 35 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 Occupations for H-1B1 Chile OCCUPATION Software Developers, Applications Management Analysts Agricultural Inspectors Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Financial Analysts Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education General and Operations Manager Computer Systems Analysts Physical Therapists Software Developers, Systems Software Total Top 10 H-1B1 Chile Occupations Total Overall H-1B1 Chile APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED 99 35 29 35 35 22 21 20 12 16 324 762 99 78 37 35 35 28 21 20 17 16 386 830 California and New York were the top states for positions certified in the H-1B1 Singapore program, each with over 200 certified positions representing nearly 55.24 percent of the H-1B1 Singapore positions certified in FY 2016. In FY 2016, out of the top 10 occupations for H-1B1 Singapore positions certified, computer-related positions were the most requested followed by Accountants and Auditors, management, marketing, financial, and engineering occupations. Top Five States for H-1B1 Singapore Positions Certified STATE California New York Texas Washington Illinois POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR H-1B1 SINGAPORE 535 240 94 88 86 38.13% 17.11% 6.70% 6.27% 6.13% Top 10 Occupations for H-1B1 Singapore OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED Management Analysts Financial Analysts Software Developers, Applications Accountants and Auditors Electrical Engineers Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Computer Systems Analysts Operations Research Analysts Mechanical Engineers Biological Technicians Total Top 10 H-1B1 Singapore Occupations Total Overall H-1B1 Singapore 58 84 133 80 11 53 37 28 26 13 523 973 212 192 162 122 63 53 37 28 26 24 919 1,403 36 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Education Sector in H-1B — Overview In FY 2016, H-1B labor condition applications from educational employers accounted for 2.5 percent of the total positions certified.

Approximately 75 percent of the positions certified for educational employers in FY 2016 were requested by colleges and universities, nearly 18 percent were requested by elementary and secondary schools and less than half of one percent by junior colleges. Educational employers continued to primarily seek positions in Education, Training, and Library occupations, with this occupational category constituting almost 48 percent of the positions certified, which was slightly lower than last year. This occupational category includes pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, secondary school, and special education teachers, post-secondary teachers in their various specialty areas, teaching assistants, self-enrichment education teachers, librarians, curators, archivists, audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists, and instructional designers and coordinators. Approximately 75 percent of the positions certified for educational employers in Life, Physical, and Social Science continued to be the next most sought occupational category, maintaining almost 27 percent average of the positions certified for educational employers.

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical occupations, Computer and Mathematical Operations occupations, and Architecture and Engineering occupations each maintained 6.92 to 3.5 percent of other positions certified for educational employers. The remaining occupations individually accounted for less than 3 percent each for the positions certified for educational employers. FY 2016 were requested by colleges and universities, almost 18 percent were requested by elementary and secondary schools and less than half of one percent by junior colleges. In FY 2016, the States with the highest demand from educational employers each had at least 63 certified positions.

New York, Texas, and California saw the highest demand from educational employers in FY 2016. Even though New York had the most positions certified, New York still showed another steep decrease in annual positions certified for the State. The New York City Department of Education, which seems to account for most of the fluctuations in the numbers, was responsible for 43 percent of all the positions certified in the State of New York. H-1B Education Certifications, by Type and Institution 5,449 100 22,747 Junior Colleges Elementary and Secondary Schools Colleges, Universities and Professional Schools Total H-1B Education Positions Certified: 30,292 37 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION In FY 2016, the states with the highest demand from educational employers each had at least 890 certified positions.

New York, California, and Texas saw the highest demand from educational employers in FY 2016. Even though New York has had the most positions certified with 4,430, still showed another steep decrease in annual positions certified for the State since its peak in FY 2012 when it had 10,933 positions certified. The New York City Department of Education was responsible for more than 43 percent of all the positions certified. H-1B Education Certifications Compared to All H-1B Certifications 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 s d n a s u o h T 1,168,541 1,198,782 30,241 Total H1-B Education Positions Certified Total Non-Education Certifications Total H-1B Positions Certified H-1B Education Certifications by SOC Occupation Code SOC CODE SOC CODE OCCUPATION WITH EDUCATION OCCUPATIONS 25-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 17-0000 11-0000 13-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations Management Occupations Business and Financial Operation Occupations 27-0000 Arts Design, Entertainments, Sports, and Media Occupations 21-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 31-0000 41-0000 Health Care Support Occupations Sales and Related Occupations 23-0000 Legal Occupations 53-0000 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Occupations TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 14,459 8,147 2,295 2,092 1,057 661 641 482 286 58 38 10 7 6 1 47.81% 26.94% 7.59% 6.92% 3.50% 2.19% 2.12% 1.59% 0.95% 0.19% 0.13% 0.03% 0.02% 0.02% 0.00% Total H-1B Education Position Certified Total H-1B Positions Certified Percent of H-1B Education Positions Certified 30,241 1,198,782 2.5% 38 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 States for H-1B Education Certifications and Top Three Employers for Each State STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY STATE TOP THREE STATE EMPLOYERS TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY EMPLOYER IN CORRESPONDING STATE New York City Department of Education 1,873 New York 3,917 Columbia University New York University School of Medicine The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford, Jr. University California 3,359 University of California, San Francisco University of California, Davis Dallas Independent School District Texas 3,237 Baylor College of Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 1,310 University of Pittsburgh The Pennsylvania State University Harvard University Massachusetts 1,195 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trustees of Boston University The University of Chicago Illinois 1,062 Northwestern University University of Illinois at Chicago Emory University Georgia 1,003 The University of Georgia Georgia Institute of Technology The Ohio State University Ohio 940 Case Western Reserve University University of Cincinnati John Hopkins University Maryland 934 University of Maryland College Park Baltimore City Public Schools University of Florida Florida 889 University of Miami Florida International University 243 149 302 227 162 234 187 139 273 212 143 211 171 107 208 175 160 286 90 90 203 126 67 339 170 101 167 82 63 39 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION H-2A Temporary Labor Certification for Agricultural Workers The H-2A nonimmigrant program is designed to provide our nation’s farms with short-term agricultural labor when the number of available domestic workers is insufficient.

H-2A labor certification is generally granted for activities lasting 10 months or less. Most occupations (e.g., field hand) require unskilled or low-skilled labor, while a few (e.g., operator of combines) require specialized skills. There is no yearly limit (cap) on the number of foreign workers who may be issued an H-2A visa. An employer seeking to employ agricultural workers under the H-2A program files an H-2A Application for Temporary Employment Certification with OFLC, and performs recruitment activities to conduct a test of the labor market for U.S. workers subsequent to the filing of the application.

In FY 2016, there were 165,741 positions certified during the fiscal year. There was an increase of over 18 percent in the number of positions requested for H-2A job opportunities and a decrease of almost 17 percent in the number of H-2A temporary employment certification applications certified in FY 2016 over FY 2015. Summary of H-2A Specialty Occupations Program VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 % CHANGE H-2A Determinations Labor Certification Applications Certified Positions Requested Positions Certified 8,388 8,118 105,735 98,821 9,405 9,152 123,528 116,689 10,339 9,962 145,874 139,832 8,684 8,297 172,654 165,741 -16.01% -16.71% 18.36% 18.53% 40 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Final Rule Range Herding or Production of Livestock in the United States Employers who seek to hire temporary H-2A agricultural workers to perform herding or production of livestock on the range, as described in 20 CFR 655 Subpart B, are subject to certain procedures and standards that are different from the regular H-2A procedures. Separate standards and procedures are necessary for these occupations because some of the requirements of the general H-2A Final Rule (published in 2010) do not apply to these unique occupations, which are located in remote areas and require non-traditional regular work schedule involving workers generally being on call 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.

The Department has established these regulatory variances, also referred to as “herding/livestock production procedures,” for employers engaged in the herding or production of sheep, cattle, goats, horses, and other domestic hooved livestock raised on the range because of the unique nature and circumstances of these occupations. Establishing a single set of procedures for these occupations creates administrative efficiencies for both employers and the Department, promotes greater consistency in the review of H-2A applications, provides workers employed in the United States with improved benefits and protections, and provides greater clarity for employers with respect to compliance with program requirements. The Final Rule creates administrative efficiencies for both employers and the Department of Labor, promotes greater consistency in the review of H-2A applications, provides workers employed in the United States with improved benefits and protections, and provides greater clarity for employers with respect to compliance with program requirements. 41 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION States with More Than 2,000 H-2A Certifications In FY 2016, 172,654 agricultural labor positions were requested and 165,741 were certified.

This represented an 18.36 percent increase in requested positions and an 18.53 percent increase in positions certified in FY 2016 over the previous fiscal year. Over 2,000 positions were certified for work in 20 states. Of these states, Florida, North Carolina, Georgia, Washington, California, Louisiana, Kentucky, New York, and Arizona had the greatest demand, with over 5,000 positions certified for each State. Florida is the top state for H-2A positions certified with 22,828 certified positions.

Top 25 H-2A Crops and Occupations Certified PRIMARY CROPS/OCCUPATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED States with More Than 2,000 Positions Certified EMPLOYER LOCATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED Florida North Carolina Georgia Washington California Louisiana Kentucky New York Arizona South Carolina Michigan Mississippi Virginia Tennessee Texas Arkansas Idaho Iowa Colorado Nevada 22,828 19,786 17,392 13,689 11,106 8,301 6,779 5,522 5,391 3,896 3,878 3,580 3,432 3,224 3,116 3,114 2,994 2,155 2,058 2,051 Berries Hay and Straw Apples Tobacco General Farm Worker Melons Sweet Potatoes Lettuce Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Corn Onions Tomatoes Agricultural Equipment Operator Fruits and Vegetables Citrus Squash Livestock Peppers Sugarcane Trees Oranges Construction of Livestock Buildings Cucumbers Cherries Peaches All Others 15,335 10,066 9,764 9,269 8,717 8,513 7,426 7,060 6,008 5,893 5,282 4,836 4,786 4,538 4,530 3,749 3,582 3,494 3,435 3,340 3,030 2,977 2,713 2,572 2,539 22,287 42 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Employers with Most H-2A Certified Workers In FY 2016, the North Carolina Growers Association, Inc. was the largest petitioner for H-2A workers, having 12,155 certified positions and accounting for 61 percent of North Carolina’s H-2A positions. The next largest petitioner was the Washington Farm Labor Association with 9,455 certified positions and accounting for 69 percent of Washington’s H-2A positions. Fresh Harvest, Inc. is the third largest petitioner with 3,189 certified positions and accounting for 23 percent of Washington’s H-2A positions. Top 10 Employers with the Most H-2A Certified Workers EMPLOYERS POSITIONS CERTIFIED North Carolina Growers Association Washington Farm Labor Association Fresh Harvest, Inc. Rodrigo Gutierrez-Tapia Zirkle Fruit Company Elkhorn Packing Company, LLC Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. Virginia Agricultural Growers Associations R & R Harvesting, Inc. Alewelt Concrete, Inc. Top 10 Cities for H-2A 12,155 9,455 3,819 3,083 2,596 2,304 2,003 1,642 1,638 1,343 CITY Vass, NC Yuma, AZ Arcadia, FL Brewster, WA Prosser, WA Yerington, NV Plant City, FL Lyons, GA Alma, GA Norman Park, GA TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY 12,155 2,858 2,615 2,179 1,990 1,873 1,688 1,459 1,446 1,334 North Carolina Growers Association 12,155 Elkhorn Packing Company, LLC DeSoto Fruit and Harvesting, Inc. Washington Farm Labor Association Zirkle Fruit Company Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. Temp Labor, LLC Joel A. Salgado AAA Faria, LLC Hamilton Growers, Inc. 548 465 2,164 1,950 1,570 867 370 200 717 43 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION All States Ranked by Number of H-2A Positions Certified STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED Florida North Carolina Georgia Washington California Louisiana Kentucky New York Arizona South Carolina Michigan Mississippi Virginia Tennessee Texas Arkansas Idaho Iowa Colorado Nevada Indiana North Dakota Ohio Minnesota Illinois 22,828 19,786 17,392 13,689 11,106 8,301 6,779 5,522 5,391 3,896 3,878 3,580 3,432 3,224 3,116 3,114 2,994 2,155 2,058 2,051 1,974 1,372 1,297 1,296 1,270 New Jersey Alabama Nebraska Utah Pennsylvania Wisconsin Missouri South Dakota Maryland Kansas Oregon Maine Montana Oklahoma Vermont Massachusetts Delaware New Mexico Wyoming Connecticut New Hampshire West Virginia Hawaii Alaska Rhode Island 1,016 972 967 934 892 853 846 820 804 789 759 700 620 526 520 437 392 381 328 327 169 116 51 17 4 44 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT H-2B Temporary Labor Certification for Non-Agricultural Workers The H-2B nonimmigrant program provides an avenue for employers to hire foreign workers to perform temporary, nonagricultural services or labor for which no willing, qualified, or able U.S. worker is available.

H-2B workers play a vital role in the U.S. economy by reducing the negative economic impact of labor shortages in several important industries. Some work such as seafood processors in states like Maryland, Virginia, and Louisiana; many more provide landscaping services to homes and businesses throughout America; and thousands of others supplement the workforce in industries like construction, housekeeping, hospitality, and forestry. Under the April 2015 Interim Final Rule, applicable to FY 2016, to be eligible for the H-2B program an employer must have temporary need on a seasonal, peakload, intermittent or one-time occurrence basis. the U.S. economy by reducing H-2B workers play a vital role in the negative economic impact In Fiscal Year 2016, OFLC rendered 7,209 total application determinations, which constitutes almost 11 percent increase over FY 2015. Of those determinations, 5,933 were decisions to certify the application, an increase of 16 percent over FY 2015.

Applicants requested OFLC certify a total of 143,311 positions, a 13.61 percent increase over FY 2015. Of those requested positions, OFLC certified 119,232, a 17.16 percent increase over FY 2015. of labor shortages in several important industries. Summary of H-2B Temporary Labor Certification Program VISA TYPE ACTIONS FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 % CHANGE Determinations Labor Certification Applications Certified H-2B Positions Requested Positions Certified 4,710 3,990 5,464 4,638 6,521 5,112 7,209 5,933 10.55% 16.06% 98,402 107,719 126,138 143,311 13.61% 82,307 93,649 101,765 119,232 17.16% 45 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Employers with the Most H-2B Certifications The employer with the most certified positions was Genuine Builders, which had 1,068 construction labor positions certified. The remaining top five employers by number of positions certified were Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC; The Brickman Group, Ltd., LLC; Faith Forestry Services, Inc.; and Icicle Seafoods, Inc. For these employers, OFLC certified 1,715 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers, 803 Forest and Conservation Workers, and 834 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers, total.

Employers with the Most H-2B Certified Workers EMPLOYER NAME POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY EMPLOYER TOP OCCUPATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED IN OCCUPATION BY EMPLOYER Genuine Builders 1,068 Construction Labor Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC The Brickman Group, Ltd., LLC Faith Forestry Services, Inc. Icicle Seafoods, Inc. Progressive Solutions, LLC Igloo Products Corp International Plant Services LandCare Superior Forestry Service, Inc. 971 834 803 744 724 700 676 608 539 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker Forest and Conservation Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker Helpers — Production Workers Plumbers, Pipefitters and Steamfitters Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker Forest and Conservation Workers 863 971 834 704 698 672 700 584 608 539 46 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT States with More than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions Eighteen states had over 2,500 positions certified during the fiscal year. For the fifth consecutive year, the highest number of applications and positions certified originated in Texas, most commonly for Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers in cities like Austin, Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas. Florida, Colorado, Massachusetts, and Louisiana constituted the remainder of the top five, with 388, 259, 344, and 222 applications certified, respectively. OFLC certified a total of 7,955 positions for Florida; 6,179 for Colorado; 4,480 for Massachusetts; and 4,434 for Louisiana.

States with More Than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified STATE Texas Florida Colorado 453 241 150 Massachusetts 258 Louisiana Pennsylvania Virginia North Carolina Arizona South Carolina New York Maryland Alaska Ohio Missouri New Jersey Michigan Mississippi 176 232 154 32 36 56 299 138 63 131 120 172 100 41 11,673 6,294 3,274 2,584 4,086 3,589 4,135 442 1,264 1,920 3,276 3,673 620 1,706 2,153 2,476 1,880 1,925 502 238 170 283 203 234 168 105 62 62 323 124 35 137 141 159 122 46 13,452 5,924 3,448 2,976 5,044 3,640 4,085 2,721 1,980 2,106 3,227 2,788 270 1,777 2,833 2,257 2,175 2,598 617 283 225 322 224 237 184 125 70 101 342 139 78 184 153 169 139 45 16,152 7,098 5,379 3,141 5,158 3,569 4,862 3,246 2,160 2,644 3,531 3,290 1,576 2,459 2,657 2,519 2,336 2,860 732 388 259 344 222 280 188 137 121 113 360 149 74 205 160 185 171 51 18,002 7,955 6,179 4,480 4,434 4,195 4,124 3,950 3,826 3,498 3,420 3,408 3,250 2,812 2,776 2,715 2,621 2,520 47 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 H-2B Occupations The Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker category was again the most requested occupation, with a total of 2,346 applications and 44,981 positions certified. In a distant second place, OFLC certified a total of 138 applications and 9,434 positions for Forest and Conservation Workers. Following closely behind was Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners, with 407 applications for 7,751 positions; Amusement and Recreation Attendants, with 243 certified applications for 6,992 positions; and Construction Laborers, with 231 applications for 5,237 positions. Completing the top ten was Waiters and Waitresses; Restaurant Cooks; Helpers, Production Workers; and Nonfarm Animal Caretakers.

Together, these occupations accounted for 9,197 of the positions certified. Top 10 H-2B Certified Occupations OCCUPATIONAL TITLE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 2,346 Forest and Conservation Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attendants Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Construction Laborers Waiters and Waitresses Cooks, Restaurant Helpers — Production Workers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 138 407 243 88 231 195 205 62 159 Top 10 Employer Cities for H-2B By Positions Certified CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY 44,981 9,434 7,751 6,992 5,447 5,237 3,426 2,161 1,974 1,636 TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY Austin, TX Phoenix, AZ 1,785 1,634 Houston, TX 1,226 Benchmark Landscaping, LLC Loftco, Inc. Bio Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers San Antonio, TX 1,216 Maldonado Nursery & Landscaping, Inc. Sitka, AK Dallas, TX Mackinac Island, MI Nantucket, MA Katy, TX Dutch Harbor, AK 978 971 918 853 840 762 Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC Precision Landscape Management, LP Grand Hotel, LLC Nantucket Island Management, LLC Igloo Products Corporation Icile Seafoods, Inc. 240 326 348 134 971 212 467 124 700 708 $12.81 $12.01 $10.71 $8.95 $9.77 $14.51 $11.20 $12.31 $12.30 $11.76 TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Helpers — Installation, Maintenance and Repair Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Food Preparation Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Helpers — Production Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 48 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Striving and Moving Forward To ensure transparency of a Certifying The Chicago NPC continues to work on streamlining the application process of OFLC’s Temporary programs to ensure consistency and efficiency. To ensure transparency of a Certifying Officer’s decision-making process to stakeholders, the Chicago NPC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible. This entails holding stakeholder meetings to allow stakeholders to have face-to-face opportunities to raise concerns directly to staff.

Also, the Chicago NPC makes great efforts to respond and publish “Frequently Asked Questions” on topics that stakeholders bring forth to the Chicago NPC. Through additional efforts of outreach in the various TEMP programs, OFLC anticipates an even more collaborative communicative process in FY2017 than FY2016. stakeholders, the Chicago NPC strives to communicate with stakeholders as Officer’s decision-making process to frequently and timely as possible. 49 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Appendices4 Appendices APPENDIX A State Employment-Based Immigration Profiles Alabama State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 598 2,044 62 48 531 1,837 56 46 446 2,765 2,185 999 531 2,508 1,882 972 0.46% 0.32% 0.94% 0.46% 0.46% 0.21% 1.58% 0.70% $87,833.20 $78,478.97 $11.27 $10.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Montgomery Birmingham Auburn 175 63 38 Average Wage Offer $52,346.85 $85,031.45 $59,357.50 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Birmingham Montgomery Huntsville 748 375 282 Average Wage Offer $78,087 $88,751 $77,570 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sweet Water Demopolis Fayette 395 210 187 $11.24 $11.24 $11.75 City Name Daphne New Market Clanton Positions Certified AEWR 224 120 113 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Helpers—Production Workers Internists, General Software Developers, Applications Industrial Engineers 44 36 27 27 24 $19,040.98 $19,053.00 $206,122.15 $82,219.33 $74,678.38 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other 452 355 190 170 125 $72,502.45 $70,564.79 $81,950.20 $61,134.65 $71,816.82 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Forest and Conservation Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators Packers and Packagers, Hand Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 746 394 207 97 95 $12.65 $10.99 $11.24 $9.26 $10.97 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Sweet Potatoes Watercress Peaches General Farmworker Positions Certified AEWR 268 224 120 112 86 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 52 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Alaska State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 41 177 89 1 36 152 74 1 29 362 3,757 17 36 331 3,250 17 0.03% 0.03% 1.25% 0.01% 0.03% 0.03% 2.73% 0.01% $95,459.85 $81,651.26 $16.17 $10.00 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Anchorage Juneau Fairbanks 20 4 3 Average Wage Offer $101,804.75 $66,798.80 $195,561.07 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Anchorage Fairbanks Kenai 261 22 15 Average Wage Offer $83,373 $87,827 $113,901 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sitka Dutch Harbor Dillingham 982 764 400 $14.62 $16.44 $9.75 City Name Anchorage — — Positions Certified AEWR 17 — — $10.00 — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Cost Estimators Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Medical and Health Services Managers Lodging Managers Chefs and Head Cooks H-2B Occupation Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Retail Salespersons Food Batchmakers Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products 44 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 3 3 2 2 2 $95,033.33 Computer Systems Analysts 120 $69,272.02 $77,777.93 $89,700.00 $57,865.50 $50,065.50 Network And Computer Systems Administrators Computer Occupations, All Other Financial Analysts Accountants And Auditors 44 41 17 7 $64,645.29 $76,073.47 $99,967.00 $57,810.43 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,735 $10.04 164 157 49 $13.39 $16.30 $16.89 $11.50 H-2A Occupation Tomatoes — — — — Positions Certified 17 — — — — AEWR $10.00 — — — — 53 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Arizona State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1392 9,630 172 70 1251 8,953 121 65 1115 17,971 5,263 5,481 1251 16,834 3,826 5,391 1.08% 1.55% 2.04% 0.65% 1.08% 1.40% 3.21% 3.86% $90,726.45 $79,344.77 $12.81 $11.20 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Chandler Phoenix Scottsdale 376 349 151 Average Wage Offer $83,762.62 $94,675.43 $88,352.78 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Phoenix Chandler Scottsdale 10,407 1,676 1,579 Average Wage Offer $78,301 $77,978 $77,975 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Phoenix Scottsdale Laveen 1,643 325 315 $13.16 $10.37 $8.75 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Yuma Roll Tonopah 2,858 668 480 $11.20 $11.20 $11.20 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Internists, General 397 174 88 86 40 $90,351.34 $85,161.77 $95,778.25 $88,445.45 $189,900.98 H-1B Occupation Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analyst Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 5,044 2,177 1,740 1,381 1,367 $76,636.42 $84,866.36 $74,561.92 $73,045.35 $66,473.28 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Construction Laborers Helpers—Production Workers Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers 741 632 339 275 250 $11.60 $8.86 $14.57 $11.93 $17.64 H-2A Occupation Lettuce Melons Broccoli Construction of Livestock Buildings Celery Positions Certified AEWR 3,501 520 374 144 135 $11.20 $11.20 $11.20 $11.20 $11.20 54 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Arkansas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 564 3,388 55 212 398 3,116 50 207 772 6,310 2,218 3,274 398 5,476 2,078 3,114 0.34% 0.54% 0.84% 2.08% 0.34% 0.46% 1.74% 2.23% $68,627.97 $76,949.58 $11.78 $10.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Springdale Bentonville Little Rock 109 68 60 Average Wage Offer $22,294.33 $97,153.76 $95,346.86 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Bentonville Little Rock Paragould 3,912 725 132 Average Wage Offer $71,402 $88,630 $108,049 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Russellville Hermitage Leslie 428 370 178 $10.35 $13.11 $10.87 City Name Hermitage Colt Hamburg Positions Certified AEWR 736 190 160 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Software Developers, Applications Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Internists, General Computer and Information Systems Managers H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 162 $21,021.48 77 17 15 14 $82,594.97 $250,742.00 $214,118.27 $123,963.21 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers 1,212 $12.06 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Tree Trimmers and Pruners Amusement and Recreation Attendants Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and 568 76 62 32 $10.78 $14.49 $8.49 $8.45 H-1B Occupation Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analyst Software Developers, Applications Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,642 775 613 599 449 $71,007.34 $73,311.55 $63,514.39 $71,906.11 $75,119.31 H-2A Occupation Tomatoes Melons Sweet Potatoes Agricultural Equipment Operators Grains Positions Certified AEWR 952 277 261 241 212 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 55 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION California State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 29579 116,026 192 316 27548 105,159 131 298 23246 244,076 2,786 11,369 27548 227,039 2,130 11,106 23.76% 18.15% 2.21% 2.99% 23.76% 18.94% 1.79% 7.94% $111,212.11 $94,353.50 $14.38 $11.89 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified San Francisco San Jose Mountain View 2,957 2,674 2,469 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Yreka Redlands Riverside 200 125 120 Average Wage Offer $126,575.17 $121,412.50 $122,767.40 Average Wage Offer $9.38 $25.00 $9.41 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers 8,772 4,620 2,010 1,938 704 $124,128.67 $12,6828.64 $115,187.13 $109,565.68 $158,181.88 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified San Francisco San Jose Cupertino 28,942 27,843 18,444 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $104,830 $102,543 $120,869 City Name Santa Maria Salinas Bard Positions Certified AEWR 1,277 918 837 $11.89 $11.89 $11.89 H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 38,310 36,844 $114,665.66 $83,358.34 Software Developers, Systems Software 22,627 $121,122.13 Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers 20,420 15,689 $84,640.30 $68,568.78 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Amusement and Recreation Attendants Forest and Conservation Workers Coaches and Scouts Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and 913 668 602 240 142 $9.65 $9.53 $18.37 $13.81 $10.39 H-2A Occupation Berries Lettuce Livestock Tomatoes Onions Positions Certified AEWR 4,705 2,650 871 475 380 $11.89 $11.89 $11.89 $11.89 $11.89 56 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Colorado State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 969 6,297 310 245 875 5,602 259 232 783 14,613 7,612 2,143 875 13,103 6,179 2,058 0.75% 0.97% 4.37% 2.33% 0.75% 1.09% 5.18% 1.47% $92,261.33 $80,037.41 $13.82 $11.27 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Denver Englewood Greenwood Village 153 111 94 Average Wage Offer $91,763.59 $103,034.62 $107,097.62 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Denver Englewood Lone Tree 3,614 3,160 1,110 Average Wage Offer $77,234 $80,014 $80,252 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Aurora Denver Colorado Springs 613 602 569 $13.88 $14.09 $11.88 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Palisade Brighton Olathe 326 284 172 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers 8,772 4,620 2,010 1,938 704 $124,128.67 $126,828.64 $115,187.13 $109,565.68 $158,181.88 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Software Developers, Systems Software 3,198 1,959 1,267 1,167 1,161 $78,644.65 $87,854.94 $78,720.07 $95,263.46 $72,120.08 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Rock Splitters, Quarry Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Construction Laborers 4130 863 144 107 102 $13.69 $11.74 $16.65 $17.28 $15.74 H-2A Occupation Fruits and Vegetables Livestock Peaches Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Lettuce Positions Certified AEWR 439 404 347 127 109 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 57 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Connecticut State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1176 9,943 36 52 1062 9,281 27 51 815 23,878 609 358 1062 21,864 547 327 0.92% 1.60% 0.46% 0.51% 0.92% 1.82% 0.46% 0.23% $104,665.45 $82,147.49 $18.45 $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Stamford Hartford South Windsor 152 81 62 Average Wage Offer $112298.32 $112299.34 $90247.97 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Hartford Stamford Norwalk 5,550 3,938 1,439 Average Wage Offer $79,378 $87,880 $85,287 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Wilton New London Mystic 75 75 70 $22.00 $26.00 $25.80 City Name Lebanon East Windsor Wallingford Positions Certified AEWR 90 25 24 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 364 Computer Systems Analysts Financial Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Internists, General 76 48 42 37 $96,718.94 $100,618.12 $132,299.24 $137,058.50 $193,623.05 H-1B Occupation Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Accountants And Auditors Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 6,016 2,999 1,942 1,644 1,119 $79,068.79 $84,887.97 $70,784.23 $81,416.27 $66,276.91 H-2B Occupation Coaches and Scouts Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Recreation Workers Waiters and Waitresses Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation 269 163 51 22 20 $21.91 $15.37 $16.71 $10.60 $26.09 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Fruits and Vegetables Apples Tobacco Horses Positions Certified 116 59 57 49 15 AEWR $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 58 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Delaware State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 609 3,503 32 14 560 3,216 27 14 466 6,967 485 392 560 6,227 419 392 0.48% 0.56% 0.46% 0.14% 0.48% 0.52% 0.35% 0.28% $83,032.26 $81,763.76 $12.75 $11.66 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Wilmington Newark Millsboro 194 137 136 Average Wage Offer $100,133.23 $97,480.43 $23,014.21 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Wilmington Newark New Castle 4,488 749 256 Average Wage Offer $79,111 $82,180 $77,834 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Wilmington Milton Delmar 64 60 40 $13.58 $13.03 $13.03 City Name Bridgeville Wyoming Georgetown Positions Certified AEWR 158 90 65 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Software Developers, Applications Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Computer Systems Analysts Statisticians Internists, General Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 207 136 61 17 13 $47.47 $43.59 $36.44 $41.44 $48.93 H-1B Occupation Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Systems Analyst Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,972 915 822 703 340 $72,617.80 $70,084.45 $91,100.00 $70,679.13 $80,130.46 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Construction Laborers Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Helpers—Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and 322 25 20 15 12 $13.27 $9.10 $16.74 $9.28 $13.17 H-2A Occupation Melons Squash Drivers Tomatoes Beans Positions Certified AEWR 162 90 49 46 21 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 59 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION District of Columbia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 482 3,980 — — 426 3,570 — — 369 7,321 — — 426 6,716 — — 0.37% 0.62% — — 0.37% 0.56% — — $84,936.76 $81,295.07 — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Washington, DC — — 414 — — H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified — — — — — — Average Wage Offer $95576.59 — — Average Wage Offer — — — H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Washington, DC 6,691 — — — — H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $81346 — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Economists Accountants and Auditors Computer Systems Analysts Cooks, Restaurant 71 33 19 17 16 $107,538.33 $135,438.01 $75,396.79 $105,037.76 $186,665.00 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Management Analysts 1,672 641 637 609 463 $78,294.03 $83,725.99 $91,628.68 $68,835.16 $87,928.24 H-2B Occupation — — — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 60 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Florida State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 4014 20,409 481 294 3657 18,880 388 269 3484 47,248 9,435 23,919 3657 43,642 7,955 22,828 3.15% 3.26% 6.54% 2.70% 3.15% 3.64% 6.67% 16.33% $74,599.70 $73,892.42 $12.16 $10.70 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Miami Tampa Jacksonville 740 556 187 Average Wage Offer $81,673.21 $83,376.70 $89,029.74 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Tampa Lake Mary Miami 7,405 7,155 5,210 Average Wage Offer $73,401 $77,142 $74,473 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Boca Raton Naples Panama City Beach 626 582 381 $12.53 $13.63 $9.97 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Arcadia Plant City LaBelle 2,615 1,688 887 $10.70 $10.70 $10.70 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Financial Managers Marketing Managers Computer and Information Systems Managers 887 177 126 113 88 $85,971.97 $92,747.62 $121,259.22 $106,491.55 $129,679.29 Computer Systems Analysts 12,117 $71,833.60 Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 8,512 4,072 2,977 2,462 $77,038.79 $63,187.84 $71,177.09 $85,727.16 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Waiters and Waitresses Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attendants Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Cooks, Restaurant 1,352 1,309 1,284 1,186 673 $11.52 $10.13 $11.49 $8.84 $12.49 H-2A Occupation Citrus Berries Oranges Melons Grapefruits Positions Certified AEWR 4,433 3,183 2,977 2,804 1,795 $10.70 $10.70 $10.70 $10.70 $10.70 61 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Georgia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 4352 24,672 107 225 3822 22,719 79 202 3533 46,771 3,466 18,720 3822 44,061 2,404 17,392 3.30% 3.92% 1.33% 2.03% 3.30% 3.68% 2.02% 12.44% $56,350.82 $75,622.24 $12.32 $10.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Atlanta Alpharetta Claxton 960 587 259 Average Wage Offer $97,355.00 $97,432.45 $17,463.06 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Atlanta Alpharetta Norcross 28,336 6,664 857 Average Wage Offer $78,401 $71,492 $66,398 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Ringgold Lawrenceville Sea Island 390 248 210 $10.82 $14.11 $10.34 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Lyons Alma Norman Park 1,459 1,446 1,334 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1187 $280,509.27 Computer Systems Analysts 12,192 12,192 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Computer Systems Analysts Butchers and Meat Cutters Helpers--Production Workers 385 334 214 210 $19,808.30 $88,528.00 $20,321.02 $16,856.47 Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 7,297 4,604 3,689 3,508 7,297 4,604 3,689 3,508 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Forest and Conservation Workers Construction Laborers Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand 783 506 230 123 91 $11.79 $11.65 $13.27 $18.05 $11.95 H-2A Occupation Berries Onions Melons Peppers Cabbage Positions Certified AEWR 3,774 3,456 2,583 1,741 939 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 62 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Guam State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 129 321 — — 118 290 — — 130 323 — — 118 292 — — 0.10% 0.05% — — 0.10% 0.02% — — $68,534.67 $64,965.19 — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Tamuning Dededo Harmon 44 21 19 Average Wage Offer $65,524.00 $56,138.10 $30,602.36 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Tamuning Dededo Barrigada 142 41 29 Average Wage Offer $66,408 $91,589 $47,538 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Electrical Engineers Civil Engineers Carpenters Cooks, Restaurant Accountants and Auditors Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 18 13 11 10 8 $50,112.67 $49,681.62 $29,721.31 $19,136.00 $45,620.63 H-1B Occupation Civil Engineers Electrical Engineers Mechanical Engineers Accountants And Auditors Physicians And Surgeons, All Other Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 60 52 31 29 19 $44,966.26 $45,487.41 $46,008.36 $38,916.23 $280,005.05 Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — H-2B H-2A Occupation — — — — — Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 63 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Hawaii State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 89 504 3 8 72 405 3 8 82 835 37 51 72 726 37 51 0.06% 0.07% 0.05% 0.08% 0.06% 0.06% 0.03% 0.04% $84,845.41 $72,235.49 $13.09 $12.64 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Honolulu Kahului Kailua-Kona 59 2 2 Average Wage Offer $68,260.56 $107,000.00 $86,398.50 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Honolulu Mililani Hilo 627 26 23 Average Wage Offer $69,532 $74,677 $68,663 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Honolulu Wailea-Makena Hanalei 18 17 2 $44.45 $44.45 $13.09 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Kunia Kunia Captian Cook Captian Cook Kea'au Kea'au $12.64 $12.64 $12.64 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Cooks, Restaurant Financial Managers Business Teachers, Postsecondary Computer Systems Analysts 6 6 4 3 3 $77,960.00 $25,560.00 $82,775.46 $129,089.33 $93,776.00 Computer Systems Analysts Management Analysts Software Developers, Applications Electrical Engineers Accountants And Auditors 210 76 64 35 34 $71,368.87 $60,989.56 $75,551.65 $45,392.99 $76,045.22 H-2B Occupation Stonemasons Retail Salespersons — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 35 2 — — — $44.45 $13.09 — — — H-2A Occupation Melons Bees Livestock Oranges General Farmworker Positions Certified AEWR 34 11 4 1 1 $12.64 $12.64 $12.64 $12.64 $12.64 64 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Idaho State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 145 875 48 497 126 781 36 489 135 1,331 1,228 3,043 126 1,233 1,103 2,994 0.11% 0.13% 0.61% 4.91% 0.11% 0.10% 0.93% 2.14% $93,253.80 $77,045.01 $13.21 $11.75 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Boise Moscow Idaho Falls 93 9 6 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Coeur d' Alene Oakley Coeur d'Alene 246 240 135 Average Wage Offer $86,796.97 $56,618.22 $101,660.00 Average Wage Offer $11.18 $11.04 $11.18 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Boise Twin Falls Idaho Falls 987 61 42 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $78,647 $71,135 $81,505 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hamer Rupert Bonners Ferry 545 194 154 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Materials Engineers Software Developers, Applications Industrial Engineers Software Developers, Systems Software 33 22 10 9 4 $90,403.70 $87,131.18 $94,163.90 $88,376.44 $94,079.50 Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Occupations, All Other 190 177 123 93 77 $68,504.43 $77,460.49 $73,144.56 $91,366.19 $70,651.83 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers Packers and Packagers, Hand Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Rock Splitters, Quarry 542 200 137 50 44 $11.53 $9.93 $13.00 $9.79 $16.51 H-2A Occupation Hay and Straw Potatoes Grains Agricultural Equipment Operator Livestock Positions Certified AEWR 895 468 403 400 351 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 65 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Illinois State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 4820 34,774 106 68 4434 32,156 81 64 3486 75,556 2,198 1,320 4434 70,515 1,790 1,270 3.82% 5.55% 1.37% 0.64% 3.82% 5.88% 1.50% 0.91% $93,013.34 $77,040.80 $14.47 $12.07 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Chicago Rosemont Schaumburg 1,397 380 272 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Wauconda Chicago Caseyville 312 157 143 Average Wage Offer $97,149.79 $93,476.52 $86,528.62 Average Wage Offer $11.78 $28.05 $10.80 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Chicago Bloomington Schaumburg 33,734 3,825 2,861 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $78,515 $72,413 $72,740 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Keenes Manito Clayton 216 140 76 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 1809 $104,042.35 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Software Developers, Systems Software Management Analysts 370 223 153 126 $89,435.78 Software Developers, Applications $120,585.47 $99,920.05 $121,852.45 Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 15,974 11,020 7,589 6,047 5,655 $75,348.96 $77,895.88 $87,893.48 $73,931.15 $64,533.65 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Coaches and Scouts Helpers--Roofers Construction Laborers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 995 256 200 75 56 $13.24 $9.27 $23.50 $13.76 $9.32 H-2A Occupation Corn Construction of Livestock Buildings Agricultural Equipment Operator Fruits and Vegetables General Farmworker Positions Certified AEWR 454 312 211 151 50 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 66 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Indiana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1005 6,381 76 54 948 5,588 60 50 735 12,219 1,433 2,210 948 10,772 1,226 1,974 0.82% 0.96% 1.01% 0.50% 0.82% 0.90% 1.03% 1.41% $103,156.44 $76,970.25 $11.49 $12.07 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Columbus Indianapolis West Lafayette 322 253 58 Average Wage Offer $81,565.41 $94,936.73 $93,952.47 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Indianapolis Columbus Fort Wayne 5,161 1,311 615 Average Wage Offer $74,038 $73,616 $84,548 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Indianapolis Westfield Farmland 439 149 115 $11.95 $11.74 $8.34 City Name Remington Vincennes Oaktown Positions Certified AEWR 400 344 186 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Mechanical Engineers Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General 171 152 60 56 35 $93,981.49 $79,536.38 $81,875.18 $83,801.42 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other $230,396.23 Mechanical Engineers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 3,121 1,165 862 661 538 $69,621.77 $73,069.78 $63,466.17 $64,411.42 $70,057.48 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 835 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 127 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Construction Laborers 65 59 42 $11.86 $8.30 $10.85 $9.04 $17.23 H-2A Occupation Corn Melons Cucumbers Construction of Livestock Buildings Squash Positions Certified AEWR 975 593 110 94 47 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 67 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Iowa State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 490 2,918 47 140 456 2,556 37 129 374 5,685 619 2,345 456 5,059 573 2,155 0.39% 0.44% 0.62% 1.29% 0.39% 0.42% 0.48% 1.54% $90,623.10 $78,217.39 $13.93 $12.17 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Cedar Rapids Iowa City West Des Moines 75 64 46 Average Wage Offer $87,161.64 $128,500.06 $80,822.53 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Des Moines Cedar Rapids West Des Moines 1,327 978 409 Average Wage Offer $72,461 $77,657 $68,578 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sioux City Randalia Graettinger 90 70 39 $12.71 $14.90 $12.58 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Conesville Waterloo Lawler 347 128 91 $12.17 $12.17 $12.17 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 114 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Internists, General Computer Systems Analysts 29 29 28 22 $81,425.01 $234,812.14 $83,660.00 $224,080.45 $83,575.59 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Systems Analyst Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,655 556 478 301 286 $70,655.97 $63,423.26 $73,466.36 $66,297.42 $72,480.93 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Construction Laborers Helpers--Production Workers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Helpers--Carpenters 246 106 68 50 30 $14.59 $13.90 $13.31 $13.23 $13.70 Construction of Livestock Buildings Corn Grains General Farmworker Agricultural Equipment Operator Positions Certified AEWR 1,171 772 70 68 28 $12.17 $12.17 $12.17 $12.17 $12.17 68 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Kansas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 401 2,743 60 118 368 2,506 47 115 310 4,347 1,281 810 368 3,932 1,159 789 0.32% 0.43% 0.79% 1.15% 0.32% 0.33% 0.97% 0.56% $76,520.59 $79,384.33 $13.00 $13.80 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Overland Park Wichita Olathe 111 54 37 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Olathe Shawnee Gardner 185 141 121 Average Wage Offer $91,472.85 $97,003.15 $89,606.76 Average Wage Offer $12.96 $12.79 $12.79 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Overland Park Topeka Wichita 1,419 849 585 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $75,554 $77,431 $83,549 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hays Syracuse Great Bend 68 42 33 $69,698.13 $81,320.91 $64,263.15 $73,515.86 $76,655.79 PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 114 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Internists, General Computer Systems Analysts 29 29 28 22 $81,425.01 $234,812.14 $83,660.00 $224,080.45 $83,575.59 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analyst Computer Occupations, All Other 978 618 478 244 207 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Helpers--Electricians 706 297 57 30 16 $12.77 $14.17 $8.47 $13.53 $13.81 Agricultural Equipment Operator Grains Construction of Livestock Buildings Grass Corn Positions Certified AEWR 335 237 44 32 27 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 69 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Kentucky State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 554 2,605 84 1,125 527 2,392 66 1,111 423 6,451 1,098 6,919 527 5,811 869 6,779 0.45% 0.41% 1.11% 11.15% 0.45% 0.48% 0.73% 4.85% $85,744.32 $79,877.88 $12.06 $10.85 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Overland Park Wichita Olathe 111 54 37 Average Wage Offer $91,472.85 $97,003.15 $89,606.76 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Louisville Lexington Georgetown 3,384 625 460 Average Wage Offer $69,344 $79,720 $68,778 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Lexington Louisville Olympia 299 94 50 $11.88 $12.11 $12.13 City Name Murray Hopkinsville Cadiz Positions Certified AEWR 358 333 261 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 213 Home Health Aides Computer Systems Analysts Internists, General Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 44 41 23 22 $76,241.10 $19,098.80 $78,676.37 $213,846.96 $60,599.41 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 1,998 1,054 494 296 265 $66,248.10 $72,537.09 $61,212.62 $65,714.84 $82,058.47 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Helpers--Carpenters Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, 656 40 38 22 20 $11.47 $8.43 $10.94 $14.42 $8.47 H-2A Occupation Tobacco Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Hay and Straw Horses Corn Positions Certified AEWR 5,265 836 439 86 74 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 70 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Louisiana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 388 2,137 263 799 332 1,898 222 781 315 2,930 5,552 8,673 332 2,674 4,434 8,301 0.29% 0.33% 3.74% 7.84% 0.29% 0.22% 3.72% 5.94% $142,454.60 $82,083.96 $12.20 $10.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Baton Rouge New Orleans Kenner 63 42 23 Average Wage Offer $85,574.61 $63,275.87 $97,593.13 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Baton Rouge Lafayette New Orleans 569 557 469 Average Wage Offer $75,216 $72,886 $73,654 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Baton Rouge Lake Charles Slidell 540 423 363 $12.14 $10.23 $11.08 City Name Baton Rouge Lafayette New Orleans Positions Certified AEWR 627 588 556 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Maintenance and Repair Workers, General Internists, General Cooks, Restaurant Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary 39 18 17 16 12 $91,540.93 $22,880.00 $230,211.76 $25,683.06 $143,434.92 Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software 673 379 293 122 87 $67,180.89 $66,785.41 $79,848.96 $72,609.63 $79,494.77 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Packers and Packagers, Hand Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Fishers and Related Fishing Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,416 $10.99 662 370 315 303 $9.98 $10.79 $12.29 $17.62 H-2A Occupation Sugarcane Crawfish Sweet Potatoes Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Rice Positions Certified AEWR 2,954 1,436 1,033 490 428 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 71 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Maine State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 104 673 193 74 93 629 178 72 89 1,355 2,637 724 93 1,180 2,378 700 0.08% 0.11% 3.00% 0.72% 0.08% 0.10% 1.99% 0.50% $91,686.85 $99,090.42 $11.07 $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Portland Bangor South Portland 19 17 5 Average Wage Offer $99,772.32 $208,734.63 $71,169.40 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Portland South Portland Augusta 492 157 148 Average Wage Offer $78,061 $71,917 $87,199 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Bar Harbor Ogunquit Jackman 497 411 277 $10.25 $10.64 $14.22 City Name Cherryfield Presque Isle Caribou Positions Certified AEWR 161 119 114 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Internists, General Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Dentists, General Chefs and Head Cooks 17 15 13 5 5 $96,380.59 $209,000.00 $249,459.38 $140,528.60 $41,857.40 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analyst 423 159 113 83 42 $73,807.61 $78,607.05 $69,251.93 $65,719.50 $68,509.92 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Forest and Conservation Workers Cooks, Restaurant Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers Waiters and Waitresses 670 565 216 204 101 $10.15 $13.83 $11.58 $10.42 $10.66 H-2A Occupation Broccoli Berries Apples Agricultural Equipment Operator General Farmworker Positions Certified AEWR 231 163 93 87 61 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 72 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Maryland State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1646 10,630 181 67 1474 9,654 149 63 1234 16,681 3,794 836 1474 15,178 3,408 804 1.27% 1.67% 2.51% 0.63% 1.27% 1.27% 2.86% 0.57% $103,655.57 $78,777.11 $13.20 $11.66 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Rockville Columbia Baltimore 227 200 181 Average Wage Offer $86,787.84 $97,513.51 $96,363.03 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified $86,787.84 $97,513.51 $96,363.03 $86,787.84 $97,513.51 $96,363.03 Average Wage Offer $79,195 $77,142 $78,802 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Columbia Fishing Creek Fort Washington 285 270 249 $12.52 $10.28 $13.10 City Name Hurlock Kennedyville Smithsburg Positions Certified AEWR 198 100 52 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Network and Computer Systems Administrators* Internists, General 416 147 77 42 36 $104,104.20 $93,315.15 $104,059.39 $88,777.32 $193,734.42 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Accountants And Auditors Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 4,273 1,998 1,507 891 720 $73,570.14 $88,423.68 $68,809.71 $90,969.63 $58,785.89 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Amusement and Recreation Attendants Packers and Packagers, Hand Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,967 $13.57 373 234 140 79 $8.86 $9.90 $10.32 $10.67 H-2A Occupation Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Melons Fruits and Vegetables Horses Corn Positions Certified AEWR 228 208 79 53 46 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 73 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Massachusetts State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 4217 24,520 416 121 3979 22,214 344 117 3278 46,022 5,319 445 3979 42,118 4,480 437 3.43% 3.83% 5.80% 1.17% 3.43% 3.51% 3.76% 0.31% $88,847.01 $82,813.10 $13.84 $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Boston Cambridge Woburn 703 435 324 703 435 324 Boston Cambridge Waltham 15,515 2,883 1,753 Average Wage Offer $82,471 $85,586 $84,828 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Nantucket Provincetown Chatham 858 452 368 $14.57 $13.48 $12.03 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Groton Lunenburg Sterling 36 29 26 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 1560 $116,283.15 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Computer and Information Systems Managers 384 285 114 114 $99,606.43 $108,512.40 $139,406.39 $97,081.16 Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Accountants And Auditors Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 9,004 6,114 3,785 3,334 2,631 $79,380.18 $91,510.72 $80,494.33 $69,422.02 $65,386.51 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Waiters and Waitresses Amusement and Recreation Attendants Cooks, Restaurant Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, 684 478 398 394 271 $13.14 $12.45 $9.65 $14.59 $15.74 H-2A Occupation Fruits and Vegetables Apples Nursery and Greenhouse Workers General Farmworker Tobacco Positions Certified AEWR 173 114 73 23 17 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 74 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Michigan State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 3760 20,757 199 88 3536 19,133 171 83 3077 35,569 3,016 4,062 3536 32,794 2,621 3,878 3.05% 3.30% 2.88% 0.83% 3.05% 2.74% 2.20% 2.77% $97,362.83 $75,449.98 $11.21 $12.02 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Troy Farmington Hills Southfield 748 536 302 Average Wage Offer $87,447.54 $82,273.32 $87,222.13 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Detroit Troy Auburn Hills 4,167 3,488 2,728 Average Wage Offer $78,346 $69,011 $76,264 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Mackinac Island Mackinaw City Traverse City 991 283 126 $9.75 $9.82 $10.87 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Kent City Sodus Conklin 597 375 307 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 1218 Mechanical Engineers Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Database Administrators 445 380 224 98 $83,577.76 $88,780.75 $94,927.32 $85,527.02 $87,685.31 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Mechanical Engineers Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Waiters and Waitresses Food Preparation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants 786 514 187 172 155 $12.87 $9.86 $9.30 $9.68 $8.68 H-2A Occupation Apples General Farmworker Corn Trees Beets Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 7,152 4,686 3,321 2,586 2,502 $70,276.26 $75,733.29 $76,897.21 $71,262.54 $64,241.10 Positions Certified AEWR 1,429 349 338 275 225 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 75 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Minnesota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 921 9,859 117 116 866 9,164 95 115 808 19,337 1,770 1,300 866 18,177 1,434 1,296 0.75% 1.58% 1.60% 1.15% 0.75% 1.52% 1.20% 0.93% $82,715.56 $78,720.80 $13.22 $12.02 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Minneapolis Bloomington Eden Prairie 232 61 55 Average Wage Offer $90,193.34 $91,902.49 $95,352.33 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Minneapolis Richfield Eden Prairie 8,005 1,339 1,114 Average Wage Offer $78,466 $78,172 $74,976 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Brownton Randolph Grand Rapids 80 70 60 $15.90 — $12.07 City Name Newport Morris Foley Positions Certified AEWR 181 179 106 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 245 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Cooks, Fast Food Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 79 41 33 32 $95,608.05 $90,328.23 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications $100,423.52 Computer Occupations, All Other $16,842.30 $81,426.60 Computer Programmers Management Analysts Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 5,176 2,604 1,878 1,726 1,025 $77,056.64 $83,457.21 $70,401.13 $67,143.20 $76,668.60 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Forest and Conservation Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 479 218 106 104 65 $14.01 $8.93 $12.07 $17.41 $9.85 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Agricultural Equipment Operator General Farmworker Hay and Straw Grains Positions Certified AEWR 277 208 180 155 106 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 76 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Mississippi State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 175 834 61 168 147 728 51 161 108 1,627 2,958 3,652 147 1,274 2,520 3,580 0.13% 0.13% 0.86% 1.62% 0.13% 0.11% 2.11% 2.56% $87,049.84 $90,270.64 $11.80 $10.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Laurel Jackson University 32 21 8 Average Wage Offer $41,283.50 $123,950.34 $65,725.25 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Jackson Ridgeland Taylorsville 293 285 160 Average Wage Offer $90,491 $74,404 $73,741 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Corinth Braxton Newton 705 390 195 $11.75 $11.11 $10.64 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Vardaman Lucedale Bruce 584 504 496 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 34 10 10 5 4 $18,508.33 $295,754.00 $43,808.00 $236,000.00 $80,773.25 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 443 104 102 102 44 $67,565.52 $62,031.06 $77,869.63 $80,155.73 $266,800.81 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Internists, General Electrical Engineers H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Forest and Conservation Workers 1,611 $12.01 Sweet Potatoes Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Construction Laborers Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 436 115 99 62 $11.09 $9.65 $12.68 $15.85 Fruits and Vegetables Agricultural Equipment Operator Berries General Farmworker 77 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Positions Certified AEWR 618 576 381 369 262 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 $10.69 Missouri State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1090 7,921 179 54 991 7,142 160 50 1019 14,367 3,024 857 991 12,691 2,776 846 0.85% 1.23% 2.70% 0.50% 0.85% 1.06% 2.33% 0.61% $108,895.27 $75,065.09 $13.34 $12.17 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified St. Louis Kansas City — 130 93 — Average Wage Offer $102,892.10 $83,176.39 — H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified St. Louis Kansas City Springfield 4,968 1,601 692 Average Wage Offer $73,030 $77,608 $84,844 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer St. Louis St. Charles Chesterfield 470 297 176 $13.14 $13.03 $13.03 City Name Farmington Kennett Waverly Positions Certified AEWR 120 75 60 $12.17 $12.17 $12.17 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 455 Computer Systems Analysts Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Internists, General 64 62 28 19 $81,793.33 $94,699.45 $22,897.32 $199,081.26 $215,625.47 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,332 $12.91 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 158 Amusement and Recreation Attendants Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender 89 55 33 $9.21 $8.41 $19.74 $9.39 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Accountants And Auditors H-2A Occupation Construction of Livestock Buildings Tomatoes Melons Apples Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 3,483 1,982 1,501 1,329 743 $73,574.25 $77,768.04 $70,906.35 $64,513.75 $53,657.54 Positions Certified AEWR 241 160 123 109 92 $12.17 $12.17 $12.17 $12.17 $12.17 78 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Montana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 67 183 60 271 53 160 43 255 53 840 569 651 53 595 421 620 0.05% 0.03% 0.72% 2.56% 0.05% 0.05% 0.35% 0.44% $75,389.24 $88,809.88 $11.80 $11.75 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Billings Bozeman Butte 9 9 9 Average Wage Offer $230,203.22 $95,357.86 $74,791.50 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Helena Bozeman Great Falls 307 98 77 Average Wage Offer $71,292 $67,970 $160,775 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer West Yellowstone Billings Fort Benton 112 76 50 $10.13 $14.55 $17.52 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Dillon Wisdom Polson 96 21 21 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Cooks, Restaurant Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Software Developers, Applications Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary 7 5 5 4 4 $278,571.43 $22,979.20 $18,216.60 $94,127.00 $64,352.75 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Electrical Engineers Actuaries Software Developers, Systems Software 282 76 33 30 25 $70,188.96 $76,680.25 $68,000.00 $86,888.00 $53,847.00 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 152 Construction Laborers Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 89 56 28 25 $10.17 $15.87 $10.51 $24.83 $12.70 H-2A Occupation Livestock Hay and Straw Agricultural Equipment Operator Grains Bees Positions Certified AEWR 215 159 65 58 36 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 79 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Nebraska State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 409 2,002 43 97 358 1,838 31 92 371 4,358 546 999 358 3,755 468 967 0.31% 0.32% 0.52% 0.92% 0.31% 0.31% 0.39% 0.69% $87,288.13 $80,096.09 $12.44 $13.80 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Omaha Lincoln — 232 24 — Average Wage Offer $83,924.12 $75,973.98 — H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Omaha Lincoln La Vista 2,756 399 182 Average Wage Offer $76,263 $72,236 $82,624 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Lincoln Halsey Columbus 102 60 54 $13.35 $10.00 $10.39 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Atkinson Hastings Columbus 100 84 84 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 165 $84,189.58 Computer Systems Analysts Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Computer Systems Analysts Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 55 24 7 7 $24,128.00 $81,963.83 $245,553.71 $83,830.14 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Construction Laborers Roofers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Forest and Conservation Workers Helpers--Roofers 130 96 74 60 25 $12.60 $14.66 $11.70 $10.00 $12.78 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analyst Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers H-2A Occupation Corn Construction of Livestock Buildings Agricultural Equipment Operator Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Livestock Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,026 560 462 381 226 $73,078.75 $79,961.80 $73,946.17 $71,120.31 $66,003.56 Positions Certified AEWR 303 286 155 55 40 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 80 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Nevada State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 231 1,293 55 99 203 1,127 32 97 191 3,296 1,623 2,058 203 2,535 837 2,051 0.18% 0.19% 0.54% 0.97% 0.18% 0.21% 0.70% 1.47% $114,480.95 $80,606.65 $13.95 $11.27 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Las Vegas Reno — 134 25 — Average Wage Offer $83,066.87 $101,445.23 — H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Las Vegas Reno Carson City 1,506 660 172 Average Wage Offer $79,082 $75,464 $74,282 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Las Vegas North Las Vegas Stateline 604 145 65 $13.81 $12.46 $10.09 City Name Yerington Ely Gerlach Positions Certified AEWR 1,873 55 19 $11.27 $11.27 $11.27 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Chefs and Head Cooks Computer and Information Systems Managers Civil Engineers Database Administrators 33 11 7 7 7 $94,805.42 $54,974.91 $133,299.00 $86,104.72 $85,010.14 Computer Systems Analysts Accountants And Auditors Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analyst Computer Occupations, All Other 963 236 234 173 161 $69,858.52 $87,556.97 $55,221.69 $75,901.12 $67,896.72 H-2B Occupation Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Helpers--Production Workers Helpers--Roofers Helpers--Carpenters Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 183 136 100 90 73 $12.67 $12.01 $10.97 $16.23 $9.71 H-2A Occupation Onions Lettuce General Farmworker Livestock Agricultural Equipment Operator Positions Certified AEWR 873 566 268 135 69 $11.27 $11.27 $11.27 $11.27 $11.27 81 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION New Hampshire State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 255 1,893 48 38 242 1,730 38 38 220 4,183 476 169 242 3,545 441 169 0.21% 0.30% 0.64% 0.38% 0.21% 0.30% 0.37% 0.12% $96,460.34 $79,475.33 $12.50 $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Nashua Merrimack Manchester 72 34 25 Average Wage Offer $105,305.71 $98,463.06 $139,811.56 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Dover Nashua Manchester 1,389 442 351 Average Wage Offer $78,617 $79,121 $83,993 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Hollis Moultonborough Laconia 80 51 50 $15.70 $12.67 $9.50 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hollis Hampton Falls Orford 60 29 17 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Internists, General Computer and Information Systems Managers 93 22 20 17 11 $101,268.72 $96,065.59 $111,683.55 $210,737.06 $131,098.84 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analyst Management Analysts Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,139 612 322 297 169 $76,847.62 $81,957.99 $64,666.00 $76,366.40 $81,287.45 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Waiters and Waitresses Cooks, Short Order 127 78 73 43 20 $14.73 $9.43 $10.91 $9.49 $8.96 H-2A Occupation Apples Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Fruits and Vegetables Trees General Farmworker Positions Certified AEWR 71 40 28 17 7 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 82 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES New Jersey State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 9858 47,993 204 49 9166 44,228 185 47 6954 84,011 2,810 1,041 9166 77,688 2,715 1,016 7.91% 7.63% 3.12% 0.47% 7.91% 6.48% 2.28% 0.73% $83,715.57 $75,762.67 $14.01 $11.66 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Edison East Brunswick Jersey City 1,227 860 842 Average Wage Offer $94,841.84 $97,918.61 $109,506.03 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Jersey City Teaneck Princeton 10,929 5,470 5,234 Average Wage Offer $85,593 $78,906 $72,623 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Jackson Whitehouse Station Budd Lake 455 100 92 $10.81 $14.10 $22.49 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Elmer Swedesboro Cedarville 173 110 100 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Network and Computer Systems Administrators* Computer and Information Systems Managers Database Administrators 4552 1697 250 189 182 $100,938.17 $95,808.77 $94,294.47 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other $147,804.63 Management Analysts $97,012.78 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 18,651 14,843 11,537 8,102 3,847 $78,876.81 $65,641.89 $84,293.56 $71,419.81 $82,021.37 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, Coaches and Scouts Recreation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,476 $13.95 290 250 217 137 $9.86 $22.72 $13.93 $9.52 H-2A Occupation Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Peaches Fruits and Vegetables Peppers Asparagus Positions Certified AEWR 192 167 138 135 100 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 83 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION New Mexico State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 277 1,023 12 47 229 932 9 42 201 1,648 227 423 229 1,509 180 381 0.20% 0.16% 0.15% 0.42% 0.20% 0.13% 0.15% 0.27% $107,819.81 $92,727.22 $11.14 $11.20 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Albuquerque Gallup Las Cruces 64 34 15 Average Wage Offer $107,008.31 $38,603.22 $133,272.40 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Albuquerque Santa Fe Las Cruces 805 179 78 Average Wage Offer $89,824 $76,563 $121,651 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Edgewood Albuquerque Moriarty 90 40 20 $12.30 $12.59 $9.49 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Deming Dexter Clayton 115 66 35 $11.20 $11.20 $11.20 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School Internists, General Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 24 23 18 16 16 $87,908.92 Computer Systems Analysts $41,277.61 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analyst $35,891.61 Physical Therapists Physicians And Surgeons, All Other $207,971.25 $37,279.75 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers Helpers--Carpenters Amusement and Recreation Attendants Production Workers, All Other Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 90 37 20 14 14 $12.30 $12.59 $9.49 $12.02 $11.02 H-2A Occupation Onions Grains Agricultural Equipment Operator Livestock Hay and Straw Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 365 214 161 103 41 $66,603.24 $69,055.93 $73,776.73 $68,691.13 $285,451.50 Positions Certified AEWR 115 90 76 23 19 $11.20 $11.20 $11.20 $11.20 $11.20 84 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES New York State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 9222 54,580 433 372 8453 49,790 360 362 7368 107,017 3,883 5,700 8453 99,932 3,420 5,522 7.29% 8.59% 6.07% 3.63% 7.29% 8.34% 2.87% 3.95% $68,281.13 $84,419.90 $13.79 $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified New York Brooklyn Flushing 5,704 227 180 Average Wage Offer $118,234.64 $82,378.53 $52,538.08 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified New York Brooklyn Melville 67,848 4,513 2,515 Average Wage Offer $88,903 $74,951 $80,162 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Elmont Montauk Southampton 466 248 185 $12.09 $11.93 $14.08 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Peru Wolcott Elba 548 532 500 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 2,011 $109,190.34 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Financial Analysts Financial Managers Accountants and Auditors 690 505 306 302 $104,762.16 $141,848.98 $192,322.79 $96,112.73 Software Developers, Applications Accountants and Auditors Management Analysts Financial Analysts H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Waiters and Waitresses Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,197 $14.77 604 300 146 124 $12.07 $12.18 $9.75 $11.52 H-2A Occupation Apples Squash Cabbage Berries Onions Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 16,316 11,204 8,310 7,933 6,598 $80,145.89 $99,801.41 $93,109.35 $66,540.85 $101,499.11 Positions Certified AEWR 2,900 316 305 253 220 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 85 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION North Carolina State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 3379 18,657 157 283 2915 17,130 137 269 2663 35,567 4,559 20,258 2915 32,820 3,950 19,786 2.51% 2.96% 2.31% 2.70% 2.51% 2.74% 3.31% 14.15% $119,547.40 $78,870.96 $11.27 $10.72 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Charlotte Cary Rose Hill 439 332 303 Average Wage Offer $99,220.17 $96,097.47 $17,957.60 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Charlotte Raleigh Cary 13,898 3,564 3,434 Average Wage Offer $80,256 $76,837 $76,075 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Raleigh Charlotte Asheville 308 307 270 $12.52 $11.40 $10.52 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Vass Dunn Faison 12,155 705 704 $10.72 $10.72 $10.72 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Slaughterers and Meat Packers Computer Systems Analysts 635 386 309 235 195 $98,018.80 $18,805.84 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers $16,829.34 Computer Occupations, All Other $19,670.60 $94,200.88 Computer Systems Analyst H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Forest and Conservation Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,741 $11.86 610 402 230 113 $9.01 $11.54 $10.77 $10.34 H-2A Occupation Hay and Straw Sweet Potatoes Tobacco Berries Squash Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 8,232 4,861 3,143 3,062 1,973 $76,763.29 $85,471.07 $76,143.75 $68,141.02 $75,399.85 Positions Certified AEWR 6,713 4,649 1,626 1,542 1,387 $10.72 $10.72 $10.72 $10.72 $10.72 86 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES North Dakota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 138 536 94 448 126 463 76 417 101 851 1,231 1,461 126 735 1,065 1,372 0.11% 0.08% 1.28% 4.19% 0.11% 0.06% 0.89% 0.98% $50,808.96 $94,896.84 $15.93 $13.80 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Fargo Grand Forks Bismarck 56 15 14 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Fargo Beulah Minot 176 104 94 Average Wage Offer $131,836.75 $137,946.07 $201,251.92 Average Wage Offer $13.95 $22.45 $15.81 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Fargo Bismarck Grand Forks 307 230 42 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $91,797 $129,609 $97,733 City Name Langdon Jamestown Oakes Positions Certified AEWR 35 34 32 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Internists, General Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Software Developers, Applications Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation 16 15 13 12 5 $237,853.75 Computer Systems Analysts $48,276.87 $80,850.86 $346,708.33 $77,244.60 Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Programmers Medical And Clinical Laboratory Technologists Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 156 97 80 73 43 $76,237.18 $80,361.60 $71,930.70 $60,148.86 $51,284.58 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Boilermakers Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 283 267 100 84 48 $12.48 $15.89 $35.15 $18.49 $23.72 Agricultural Equipment Operator Bees Grains Corn Livestock Positions Certified AEWR 482 268 242 113 110 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 87 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Northern Mariana Islands State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 16 164 — — 10 112 — — 33 179 — — 10 125 — — 0.01% 0.02% — — 0.01% 0.01% — — $91,274.38 $61,253.11 — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Saipan Tinian — 9 1 — Average Wage Offer $48,705.29 $69,742.00 — H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Saipan San Jose Tinian 120 3 2 Average Wage Offer $62,811 $29,936 $28,800 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Accountants and Auditors General and Operations Managers Architectural and Engineering Managers Electrical Engineers — H-2B Occupation — — — — — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 6 2 1 1 — $37,474.77 $64,484.00 $84,531.00 $69,742.00 — H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Accountants And Auditors Civil Engineers Financial Managers General And Operations Managers Computer And Information Systems Managers 25 13 9 9 7 $29,594.72 $35,053.94 $62,321.96 $92,930.13 $75,386.23 Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 88 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Ohio State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2101 16,231 245 71 1934 15,061 205 64 1718 35,445 3,099 1,411 1934 32,444 2,812 1,297 1.67% 2.60% 3.46% 0.64% 1.67% 2.71% 2.36% 0.93% $88,217.28 $76,368.94 $12.63 $12.07 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Columbus Dublin Fairfield 333 221 188 Average Wage Offer $92,773.41 $94,556.37 $19,044.39 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Columbus Cincinnati Cleveland 6,574 5,098 3,673 Average Wage Offer $76,315 $74,904 $78,536 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Cincinnati Newbury Columbus 143 126 101 $12.20 $12.90 $12.16 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Avon Perry Fostoria 290 211 135 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Helpers–Production Workers Internists, General Mechanical Engineers 645 188 160 76 59 $91,253.08 $89,402.90 $17,345.70 $205,627.11 $80,791.42 Computer Systems Analysts 10,015 $73,110.98 Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Management Analysts 5,523 3,173 2,883 1,567 $79,277.64 $63,592.16 $72,138.07 $79,347.15 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,094 $12.65 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 319 Construction Laborers Helpers–Roofers Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 89 45 44 $8.85 $18.08 $14.35 $9.71 H-2A Occupation Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Cucumbers Tomatoes Construction of Livestock Buildings Peppers Positions Certified AEWR 706 178 77 65 58 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 $12.07 89 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Oklahoma State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 331 1,988 117 75 295 1,807 102 72 251 3,991 1,944 634 295 3,757 1,534 526 0.25% 0.31% 1.72% 0.72% 0.25% 0.31% 1.29% 0.38% $92,593.21 $71,900.94 $12.15 $11.15 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Oklahoma City Tulsa Norman 93 74 38 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Tulsa Edmond Oklahoma City 492 275 235 Average Wage Offer $93,411.44 $82,620.78 $78,056.16 Average Wage Offer $12.52 $12.50 $11.64 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Tulsa Oklahoma City Ardmore 1,631 1,141 249 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $72,466 $78,136 $61,348 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Altus Guthrie Capron 60 44 44 $11.15 $11.15 $11.15 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Computer Systems Analysts Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists Mechanical Engineers 39 18 13 10 9 $81,844.18 $211,992.22 $94,197.31 $45,026.90 $88,390.22 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Accountants And Auditors 858 459 361 344 235 $72,160.32 $70,034.25 $63,590.90 $66,964.76 $53,613.35 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Forest and Conservation Workers Construction Laborers Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,154 $11.72 80 55 38 30 $8.30 $12.39 $14.20 $19.05 H-2A Occupation Agricultural Equipment Operator Grains Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Cotton Trees Positions Certified AEWR 208 97 58 44 42 $11.15 $11.15 $11.15 $11.15 $11.15 90 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Oregon State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1359 4,585 42 47 1246 4,211 32 43 1047 10,566 1,794 950 1246 9,371 1,488 759 1.07% 0.73% 0.54% 0.43% 1.07% 0.78% 1.25% 0.54% $95,667.27 $81,716.54 $11.22 $12.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Hillsboro Portland Beaverton 869 115 74 Average Wage Offer $92,543.88 $85,077.09 $98,163.93 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Hillsboro Portland Beaverton 3,439 2,670 1,872 Average Wage Offer $82,129 $76,205 $79,644 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Central Point Phoenix Medford 426 272 256 $9.37 $9.60 $10.25 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Medford Fairview Mosier 177 151 59 $12.69 $12.69 $12.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Materials Engineers Software Developers, Applications Cooks, Restaurant 284 270 213 94 45 $95,069.05 $93,109.19 $89,781.60 $97,575.64 $25,508.85 H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Programmers 2,427 899 786 763 704 $78,929.85 $74,164.91 $91,620.07 $92,375.88 $64,089.86 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers 1,174 Floral Designers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Coaches and Scouts 99 80 66 50 $10.42 – $9.30 $14.39 $19.00 H-2A Occupation Pears Berries Cherries Fruits and Vegetables Onions Positions Certified AEWR 250 151 59 57 45 $12.69 $12.69 $12.69 $12.69 $12.69 91 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Pennsylvania State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 2831 23,186 315 84 2644 21,562 280 82 2059 80,023 4,696 927 2644 75,685 4,195 892 2.28% 3.72% 4.72% 0.82% 2.28% 6.31% 3.52% 0.64% $142,700.39 $78,043.07 $14.04 $11.66 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Philadelphia Pittsburgh Moon Township 314 276 252 Average Wage Offer $98,778.44 $102,610.48 $96,684.35 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Philadelphia Pittsburgh Camp Hill 41,267 7,125 3,148 Average Wage Offer $78,389 $77,833 $75,751 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Pittsburgh Plymouth Meeting Farmington 442 190 165 $13.12 $15.11 $10.10 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Orefield Dillsburg Bedford 71 66 44 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Statisticians Internists, General Computer and Information Systems Managers 994 240 87 77 76 Computer Systems Analysts 31,346 $75,451.61 $94,545.63 $92,301.23 $76,380.55 Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software 8,324 7,132 3,971 3,844 $82,447.73 $85,399.39 $80,774.28 $65,891.76 $206,424.76 Management Analysts $128,946.08 Computer Programmers H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Coaches and Scouts Helpers--Production Workers Construction Laborers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 3,081 $13.94 192 110 102 84 $8.70 $21.52 $13.24 $19.41 H-2A Occupation Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Apples Construction of Livestock Buildings Poultry Trees Positions Certified AEWR 270 139 90 71 65 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 $11.66 92 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Puerto Rico State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 75 184 1 — 57 153 1 — 49 889 13 — 57 460 13 — 0.05% 0.03% 0.02% — 0.05% 0.04% 0.01% — $97,668.74 $66,421.58 $11.54 — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified San Juan Guaynabo Mayaguez 28 6 6 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Arecibo — — 13 — — Average Wage Offer $67,096.18 $67,810.50 $60,860.67 Average Wage Offer — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified San Juan Guaynabo Hato Rey 350 18 15 Average Wage Offer $66,761 $79,497 $66,200 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Cooks, Restaurant Software Developers, Applications Architectural and Engineering Managers Electrical Engineers Computer Systems Analysts Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation 7 4 4 4 4 $20,800.00 $77,425.00 $73,834.50 $69,047.00 $63,205.25 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Electrical Engineers Financial Analysts Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 223 37 29 28 18 $60,437.73 $66,428.03 $55,540.00 $73,540.50 $86,085.25 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 163 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 93 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Rhode Island State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 192 2,445 35 4 181 2,285 32 4 140 3,841 577 4 181 3,449 534 4 0.16% 0.39% 0.54% 0.04% 0.16% 0.29% 0.45% 0.00% $45,806.17 $83,273.32 $12.29 $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Woonsocket Smithfield Providence 39 33 27 Average Wage Offer $111,554.58 $94,417.97 $113,838.29 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Block Island Johnston Watch Hill 141 85 78 $11.50 $9.60 $11.58 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Woonsocket Providence Cranston 928 704 535 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $83,650 $93,881 $79,107 City Name Greenville North Scituate Johnston Positions Certified AEWR 2 1 1 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Marketing Managers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 60 23 14 10 7 $95,320.98 $88,309.66 $122,551.29 $127,457.80 $29,058.00 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Waiters and Waitresses Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attendants Cooks, Restaurant Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 121 101 86 79 64 $10.72 $11.95 $9.60 $12.58 $14.21 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analyst Computer Occupations, All Other 899 482 399 355 220 $75,018.58 $86,718.42 $66,524.31 $76,155.02 $81,428.92 H-2A Occupation Fruits and Vegetables General Farmworker Apples — — Positions Certified AEWR 2 1 1 — — $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 — — 94 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES South Carolina State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1203 2,908 130 81 838 2,580 113 78 649 6,932 3,983 4,211 838 6,017 3,498 3,896 0.72% 0.45% 1.90% 0.78% 0.72% 0.50% 2.93% 2.79% $66,844.61 $74,277.56 $10.88 $10.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Greenville Anderson Columbia 298 169 57 Average Wage Offer $25,864.07 $21,276.90 $79,625.16 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Columbia Greenville Fort Mill 1,975 1,892 390 Average Wage Offer $70,268 $72,461 $79,010 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Myrtle Beach Hilton Head Island Mrytle Beach 514 331 300 $9.41 $10.53 $8.85 City Name Ridge Spring St. Helena Pelion Positions Certified AEWR 840 330 305 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Software Developers, Applications Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse Industrial Engineers 301 160 39 29 22 $18,308.15 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications $16,841.50 Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Management Analysts $83,947.23 $16,879.48 $83,210.68 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Waiters and Waitresses Cooks, Restaurant 996 934 825 174 130 $12.81 $9.32 $11.36 $10.01 $11.17 H-2A Occupation Peaches General Farmworker Melons Tomatoes Fruits and Vegetables Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,756 768 600 522 415 $71,065.65 $79,047.93 $65,154.87 $68,148.38 $70,287.05 Positions Certified AEWR 1,154 633 390 385 350 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 $10.59 95 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION South Dakota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 66 336 115 168 61 302 101 154 60 700 1,590 863 61 599 1,414 820 0.05% 0.05% 1.70% 1.55% 0.05% 0.05% 1.19% 0.59% $83,458.92 $86,027.85 $11.75 $13.80 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Sioux Falls Rapid City Brookings 26 6 5 Average Wage Offer $176,157.77 $205,171.40 $95,003.80 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Sioux Falls Pierre Brookings 447 34 33 Average Wage Offer $93,871 $73,089 $69,955 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sioux Falls Custer Arlington 346 178 100 $14.05 $9.35 $14.29 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Elkton Huron Arlington 65 52 47 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Internists, General Software Developers, Applications Physics Teachers, Postsecondary Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals 14 10 7 4 4 $332,885.36 $203,537.80 $58,625.57 $79,747.50 $25,709.00 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Physicians And Surgeons, All Other Management Analyst 244 44 41 30 30 $63,357.51 $62,939.82 $67,807.00 $229,805.56 $60,000.00 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Construction Laborers Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Food Preparation Workers 400 307 192 131 65 $13.24 $15.08 $9.21 $11.76 $9.21 Agricultural Equipment Operator Construction of Livestock Buildings Grains Bees Livestock Positions Certified AEWR 256 164 120 98 66 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 $13.80 96 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Tennessee State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 741 5,590 88 361 656 5,092 67 356 642 12,827 1,972 3,285 656 11,417 1,752 3,224 0.57% 0.88% 1.13% 3.57% 0.57% 0.95% 1.47% 2.31% $84,308.88 $76,017.34 $13.49 $10.85 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Memphis Nashville Morristown 186 99 56 Average Wage Offer $91,458.28 $90,380.95 $17,254.32 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Nashville Memphis Collierville 3,348 2,282 1,590 Average Wage Offer $73,843 $74,838 $72,288 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Morristown Memphis Clarksville 379 302 261 $10.51 $13.80 $27.60 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Evensville Adams Cedar Hill 493 276 185 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 177 $91,702.44 Computer Systems Analysts Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Computer Systems Analysts Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Industrial Engineers 56 45 27 22 $17,254.32 $86,987.29 $18,720.00 $78,950.27 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Tree Trimmers and Pruners Electricians Pipelayers Construction Laborers 964 154 100 80 68 $11.79 $15.32 $19.36 $14.89 $12.97 Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Systems Analyst H-2A Occupation Tobacco Tomatoes Hay and Straw Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Cucumbers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 4,241 1,215 1,025 866 697 $72,539.49 $81,363.92 $65,550.55 $68,536.45 $72,203.70 Positions Certified AEWR 1,309 357 305 300 195 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 97 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Texas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 16673 67,603 905 474 15593 61,624 732 427 12998 128,645 23,554 3,331 15593 120,479 18,002 3,116 13.45% 10.63% 12.34% 4.29% 13.45% 10.05% 15.10% 2.23% $88,022.47 $76,075.10 $12.96 $11.15 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified College Station Plano Houston 4,268 2,178 2,160 Average Wage Offer $76,372.97 $90,182.37 $95,886.25 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Houston Dallas Austin 30,719 18,452 17,393 Average Wage Offer $78,159 $74,086 $80,867 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Austin Houston San Antonio 1,791 1,243 1,239 $12.20 $12.48 $12.46 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Dalhart Coyanosa Plantersville 381 214 117 $11.15 $11.15 $11.15 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 6706 2441 430 $194,590.56 $79,234.47 $16,832.99 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 398 $98,826.18 Computer and Information Systems Managers 382 $127,447.37 H-1B Occupation Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 27,775 17,314 13,281 9,221 7,707 $72,829.33 $80,881.86 $63,306.60 $77,802.03 $93,994.29 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers Fishers and Related Fishing Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Helpers--Production Workers 8,232 1,617 1,084 979 836 $11.81 $13.15 $18.27 $8.48 $11.15 Agricultural Equipment Operator Livestock Melons Corn Grains Positions Certified AEWR 558 326 270 264 244 $11.15 $11.15 $11.15 $11.15 $11.15 98 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Utah State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 438 2,761 122 166 380 2,500 98 156 353 6,369 2,124 971 380 5,826 1,788 934 0.33% 0.43% 1.65% 1.57% 0.33% 0.49% 1.50% 0.67% $91,048.18 $75,089.98 $12.80 $11.27 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Salt Lake City Lehi South Jordan 174 48 24 Average Wage Offer $92,139.41 $96,839.56 $94,521.71 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Salt Lake City Lehi Pleasant Grove 3,706 839 247 Average Wage Offer $74,583 $83,836 $74,605 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Park City Salt Lake City West Jordan 223 178 146 $11.20 $13.07 $13.49 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Salem Payson Santaquin 117 70 65 $11.27 $11.27 $11.27 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 124 Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers Marketing Managers Software Developers, Systems Software 19 13 13 12 $94,482.96 $87,455.53 $129,367.69 $120,270.08 $102,540.17 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analyst Computer Occupations, All Other Financial Analysts 958 787 499 488 453 $84,478.33 $73,322.28 $72,626.88 $68,391.57 $63,051.79 H-2B Occupation Utah Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Packers and Packagers, Hand Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1,461 1,166 94 84 59 $12.07 $10.95 $10.90 $9.20 $14.39 H-2A Occupation Livestock Nursery and Greenhouse Workers General Farmworker Cherries Hay and Straw Positions Certified AEWR 375 155 102 88 38 $11.27 $11.27 $11.27 $11.27 $11.27 99 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Vermont State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 103 356 55 78 96 315 48 77 60 872 984 523 96 831 881 520 0.08% 0.05% 0.81% 0.77% 0.08% 0.07% 0.74% 0.37% $61,809.50 $80,996.28 $12.51 $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified South Burlington Burlington Colchester 57 16 3 Average Wage Offer $89,289.29 $80,998.31 $83,061.33 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Montpelier Burlington South Burlington 357 144 111 Average Wage Offer $74,640 $78,809 $79,369 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Stratton Stowe Ludlow 263 214 81 $12.44 $11.86 $11.46 City Name Shoreham Cornwall Bennington Positions Certified AEWR 116 66 63 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 46 Computer Systems Analysts Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Network and Computer Systems Administrators* Database Administrators 8 5 5 3 46 8 5 5 3 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analyst Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other 225 177 135 88 15 $70,901.92 $75,693.91 $81,425.33 $82,920.31 $72,695.39 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria Waiters and Waitresses Dishwashers Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and 285 126 102 68 65 285 126 102 68 65 H-2A Occupation Apples Berries Fruits and Vegetables General Farmworker Poultry Positions Certified AEWR 257 110 48 44 38 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 $11.74 100 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Virginia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 4243 18,710 213 98 3771 17,067 188 93 3054 37,631 4,560 3,494 3771 34,546 4,124 3,432 3.25% 2.95% 3.17% 0.93% 3.25% 2.88% 3.46% 2.45% $93,199.88 $77,826.62 $12.28 $10.72 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Herndon Fairfax Reston 440 306 284 440 306 284 Mclean Richmond Herndon 7,102 5,635 2,902 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Average Wage Offer $81,791 $75,509 $78,097 City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Springfield Sterling Norfolk 289 280 220 $12.55 $13.12 $11.82 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Dry Fork Painter Cape Charles 1,275 200 200 $10.72 $10.72 $10.72 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications 1475 Computer Systems Analysts Butchers and Meat Cutters Electrical Engineers Software Developers, Systems Software 372 234 96 79 $103,807.36 $100,141.22 $22,984.74 $105,552.29 $103,774.55 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Programmers Accountants And Auditors Computer Occupations, All Other H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Packers and Packagers, Hand Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 2,237 $12.44 327 297 220 182 $10.03 $11.64 $9.69 $10.43 H-2A Occupation Hay and Straw Tobacco Tomatoes Apples Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 9,392 5,989 4,487 2,463 2,083 $74,089.49 $87,140.89 $66,369.12 $63,583.23 $83,827.24 Positions Certified AEWR 831 777 500 493 250 $10.72 $10.72 $10.72 $10.72 $10.72 101 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Virgin Islands State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 7 60 — — 4 52 — — 4 66 — — 4 52 — — 0.00% 0.01% — — 0.00% 0.00% — — $88,292.51 $60,972.42 — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified St. Thomas — — 4 — — Average Wage Offer $61,809.50 — — H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified St. Thomas Christiansted Alexandria 32 6 2 Average Wage Offer $58,504 $69,090 $61,090 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Marketing Managers General and Operations Managers Accountants and Auditors Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists* — H-2B Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 1 1 1 1 — $111,238.00 $48,000.00 $48,000.00 $40,000.00 — Special Education Teachers, Secondary School Special Education Teachers, Middle School Secondary School Teachers, Except Special And Physics Teachers, Postsecondary Elementary School Teachers, Except Special 5 5 3 3 3 $46,003.80 $45,440.00 $42,512.00 $55,490.33 $41,738.67 Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — H-2A Occupation — — — — — Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — — 102 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Washington State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 6709 22,415 46 158 6473 20,597 32 148 4344 44,434 1,271 14,022 6473 41,902 1,044 13,689 5.58% 3.55% 0.54% 1.49% 5.58% 3.50% 0.88% 9.79% $112,271.52 $97,658.94 $13.92 $12.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Redmond Seattle Bellevue 3,268 2,186 491 Average Wage Offer $119,029.04 $105,038.05 $110,001.96 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Seattle Redmond Bellevue 14,610 13,336 6,457 Average Wage Offer $100,483 $104,589 $91,448 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Yakima Chehalis Belfair 265 235 85 $8.89 $11.18 $12.96 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Brewster Prosser Othello 2,179 1,990 960 $12.69 $12.69 $12.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 4,211 $115,485.77 Software Developers, Applications 14,400 $117,644.45 Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Marketing Managers Computer and Information Systems Managers 399 328 165 162 $110,881.46 $112,981.11 $122,240.86 $134,656.94 Computer Systems Analysts Computer Occupations, All Other Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Programmers 7,076 4,817 2,085 1,377 $85,120.43 $70,850.28 $107,315.62 $85,061.02 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Forest and Conservation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants Floral Designers Construction Laborers Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 376 265 115 97 78 $11.16 $8.89 $12.96 $18.19 $14.73 H-2A Occupation Apples General Farmworker Cherries Trees Fruits and Vegetables Positions Certified AEWR 3,522 2,408 2,334 1,887 770 $12.69 $12.69 $12.69 $12.69 $12.69 103 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION West Virginia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 101 617 12 10 94 499 12 8 69 1,417 205 152 94 1,045 181 116 0.08% 0.09% 0.20% 0.08% 0.08% 0.09% 0.15% 0.08% $139,656.10 $108,817.72 $10.51 $10.85 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Morgantown Huntington Charleston 34 17 10 Average Wage Offer $114,958.38 $191,691.76 $179,106.88 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Morgantown Charleston Huntington 479 260 54 Average Wage Offer $98,874 $83,831 $147,158 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Snowshoe Ona Bridgeport 52 35 30 $9.07 $10.40 $10.35 City Name Martinsburg Gerrardstown Inwood Positions Certified AEWR 63 20 20 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Internists, General Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary Software Developers, Applications Business Teachers, Postsecondary 24 15 5 4 3 $273,612.38 $219,258.25 $75,600.00 $95,500.00 $76,500.67 H-2B Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Amusement and Recreation Attendants Team Assemblers Roofers Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 101 $10.61 38 29 7 6 $9.07 $9.94 $9.24 $13.68 H-1B Occupation Computer Systems Analysts Computer Programmers Software Developers, Applications Physicians And Surgeons, All Other Medical And Clinical Laboratory Technologists H-2A Occupation Apples Watercress Fruits and Vegetables Nursery and Greenhouse Workers — Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 436 94 72 51 31 $70,435.48 $63,155.26 $78,540.09 $251,137.44 $43,694.00 Positions Certified AEWR 53 30 24 9 — $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 $10.85 — 104 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Wisconsin State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 1376 7,003 38 35 1194 6,415 25 35 1147 17,814 770 853 1194 15,253 606 853 1.03% 1.11% 0.42% 0.35% 1.03% 1.27% 0.51% 0.61% $77,681.37 $77,938.71 $12.25 $12.02 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Abbotsford Milwaukee Verona 322 178 178 Average Wage Offer $25,240.00 $92,478.97 $90,019.38 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Milwaukee Madison Menomonee Falls 4,416 2,712 894 Average Wage Offer $77,443 $74,446 $74,542 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Spooner North Freedom Union Grove 120 45 44 $12.07 $8.38 $8.82 City Name Wisconsin Dells Middleton Wausau Positions Certified AEWR 167 94 74 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Software Developers, Applications Packers and Packagers, Hand Software Developers, Systems Software Computer Systems Analysts Computer and Information Systems Managers 365 322 70 49 37 $90,040.80 $25,240.00 $81,519.77 $91,830.65 $122,240.68 Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Applications Computer Occupations, All Other Computer Programmers Computer Systems Analyst Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 5,575 2,593 1,261 1,105 770 $74,137.33 $78,468.14 $68,242.39 $64,543.69 $75,004.67 H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Amusement and Recreation Attendants Forest and Conservation Workers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Construction Laborers 119 116 45 43 40 $8.49 $12.07 $9.99 $12.76 $18.15 H-2A Occupation Corn General Farmworker Construction of Livestock Buildings Nursery and Greenhouse Workers Grains Positions Certified AEWR 247 101 97 94 94 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 $12.02 105 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Wyoming State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM H-1B H-2B H-2A 28 118 50 96 27 97 42 88 18 209 452 344 27 183 391 328 0.02% 0.02% 0.71% 0.88% 0.02% 0.02% 0.33% 0.23% $124,041.61 $103,938.56 $12.38 $11.75 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Cheyenne Jackson Laramie 9 6 5 Average Wage Offer $215,004.44 $17,638.40 $68,812.80 H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Cheyenne Green River Laramie 53 49 31 Average Wage Offer $117,472 $84,827 $61,663 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Jackson Cody Teton Village 165 77 46 $12.46 $9.77 $12.65 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Savery Rock Springs Evanston 50 43 24 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-1B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer 6 5 4 2 1 $17,638.40 $243,000.00 $209,109.00 $112,070.00 $190,000.00 Software Developers, Applications Management Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Software Developers, Systems Software Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 33 27 23 15 10 $84,014.00 $62,242.20 $76,217.60 $88,000.00 $286,007.30 PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Internists, General Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Pharmacists Surgeons H-2B Occupation Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Construction Laborers Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 176 137 20 15 14 $10.37 $14.61 $9.01 $16.62 $10.57 H-2A Occupation Livestock Corn Tomatoes Agricultural Equipment Operator Construction of Livestock Buildings Positions Certified AEWR 312 6 4 2 2 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 $11.75 106 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES APPENDIX B Agricultural Certification Statistics Top 10 Crops — Positions Certified by Month Certification Begins 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T Berries 15,335 total H-2A positions certified 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T Hay & Straw 9,269 total H-2A positions certified No Data Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Apples 9,764 total H-2A positions certified 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T Tobacco 9,269 total H-2A positions certified No Data Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 108 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T General Farmworkers 8,717 total H-2A positions certified 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T Melons 8,513 total H-2A positions certified No Data No Data Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sweet Potatoes 7,426 total H-2A positions certified No Data No Data 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T Lettuce 7,060 total H-2A positions certified No Data Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Nursery & Greenhouse Workers 6,008 total H-2A positions certified 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 d e fi i t r e C s n o i t i s o P A 2 - H l a t o T Corn 5,893 total H-2A positions certified No Data Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 109 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Average Duration of the Top 10 H-2A Positions Certified In FY 2016, the average period certified for positions in each of the top 10 H-2A positions certified was between 3 and 8 months. Apples and melons ranked as the two crops with the shortest average certification period, with average certification periods of 3 to 5 months.

Positions involving berries, and other fruits and vegetables followed, with average certification periods of 5 months to 6 months. Corn, general farmworkers, and haw and straw, reflecting roughly 7 to 7.3 month certification periods, represented the next longest average certification period. Employers with nursery and greenhouse certifications represented the group receiving the longest average certification period in FY 2016, with an average period of nearly 8 months. 250 200 150 100 s y a d e g a r e v A 50 0 Berries Hay & Straw Apples Tobacco General Farmworkers Melons Sweet Potatoes Lettuce Nursery & Greenhouse Workers Corn 110 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS Commodities with the Longest Certification Periods Overall The Department issues a labor certification, when appropriate, after reviewing an employer’s fact-specific request for temporary agricultural workers under the H-2A program.

In all cases, the nature of the employer’s own need for temporary agricultural or services determines the certification period for the specific need for temporary agricultural workers may or may not be representative of other employers with the same crop or agricultural commodity. In FY 2016, the longest certification period was granted to employers engaged in livestock based on demonstrated need for temporary agricultural workers for a period of a little over 10 months. The remaining employers with the longest average certifications all demonstrated a need for between 8.7 and a little over 10 months. Those employers are engaged in growing lemons and olives as well as raising several species: reptiles, insects, horses, and exotic game animals.

300 250 200 150 100 s y a d e g a r e v A 50 0 Livestock Oysters Dairy Horses Exotic Game Animals Reptiles Olives Grass Fish Lemons 111 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Commodities with the Shortest Certification Periods Overall For some crops and agricultural commodities, as well as workers in support of the production of such crops and commodities, employers seek temporary labor or services for a short, concentrated period of time. In FY 2016, each of the 10 crops and agricultural commodities, and support activities, with the longest certification periods represented temporary agricultural labor and services occurring for less than 5 months. Apricots and cooks represent the shortest certification periods, using agricultural workers for just shy of 2 months and 2.5 months, respectively. Among the remaining crops or agricultural commodities with the shortest certification periods in FY 2016, farmers growing pine straw, melons and brussel sprouts sought temporary workers between 2.7 and 3.3 months.

While farmers growing onions, garlic, celery, apples, and eggplants, sought temporary workers for approximately 4 to 4.6 months. 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 s y a d e g a r e v A Apricots Cooks Pinestraw Melons Brussel Sprouts Onions Garlic Celery Apples Eggplants 112 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS APPENDIX C Top Five Employment-Based Permanent Immigration Country Profiles India SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM DATA 49,863 45,670 65.53% 62.64% 33 VISA H-1B L-1 F-1 — Not in USA POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 57,853 3,276 1,722 1,281 361 $103,317.93 $109,214.79 $91,207.36 $88,618.00 $91,248.01 Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications 57.86% Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation Microsoft Corporation Intel Corporation Infosys, Ltd. Amazon Corporate LLC WIPRO Limited Cisco Systems Inc. HCL America Inc. Deloitte Consulting LLP Igate Technologies, Inc. APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 4,211 1,441 1,381 1,103 867 801 694 643 589 587 $76,224.26 Software Developers, Applications 32,725 $100,261.49 $12,1690.04 Computer Systems Analysts 9,106 $93,712.89 $93,291.09 $86,651.06 $100,543.58 $97,886.95 $117,408.60 $102,095.83 $104,794.94 $82,431.33 Software Developers, Systems Software 5,164 Computer and Information Systems Managers Electronics Engineers, Except Computers Network and Computer Systems Administrators Database Administrators Mechanical Engineers Computer Occupations, All Other Electrical Engineers 2,196 2,132 1,435 1,027 832 678 583 $114,212.46 $134,968.29 $103,191.04 $93,576.09 $93,293.71 $86,901.53 $104,047.64 $93,324.13 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA TX NJ WA NY IL MI MA VA GA 13,944 11,067 7,517 3,221 3,139 2,918 2,535 2,509 2,122 2,003 12,320 9,606 6,778 2,341 2,916 2,732 2,369 2,303 1,972 1,867 13,717 10,669 7,367 3,148 2,976 2,825 2,469 2,429 2,062 1,955 $106,122.97 $95,701.34 $99,791.80 $106,802.69 $104,711.37 $102,371.95 $103,844.80 $101,400.43 $102090.33 $103731.32 88.35% 86.80% 90.17% 72.68% 92.90% 93.63% 93.45% 91.79% 92.93% 93.21% 98.37% 96.40% 98.00% 97.73% 94.81% 96.81% 97.40% 96.81% 97.17% 97.60% IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT 114 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES China SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications DATA 7,230 6,411 7.69% 7.93% 40 8.12% Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM VISA H-1B L-1 — Not in USA F-1 POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 7,142 794 656 624 623 $100,648.51 $115,672.89 $34,141.21 $2,3969.69 $94,565.54 Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Microsoft Corporation Google Inc. Facebook Inc. Amazon Corporate LLC House of Raeford Farms, Inc. Oracle America Inc. Defender Services Inc. Yahoo! Inc. Intel Corporation LinkedIn Corporation APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 643 630 279 235 188 177 136 127 118 117 $118,021.13 $109,781.86 $122,143.65 $96,842.83 $18,335.50 $113,930.63 $16,812.49 $118,396.14 $96,594.86 $132,132.99 Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Electronics Engineers, Except Computer Statisticians Accountants and Auditors Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Financial Analysts Computer Systems Analysts Cooks, Restaurant Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 3,071 1,041 560 523 407 350 288 237 230 165 $109,153.75 $119,157.32 $103,935.87 $93,685.55 $76,556.87 $18,928.25 $109,455.97 $92,836.87 $26,222.11 $61,312.32 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA WA NY TX MA NC IL NJ SC VA 3,662 1,032 903 598 400 321 289 229 216 214 2,967 611 805 391 315 86 252 209 12 150 3,591 1,020 865 465 353 93 272 227 14 190 $102,869.00 81.02% $106,205.33 $97,493.77 $79,213.49 $92,975.88 $40,563.65 $94,245.66 $96,541.20 $22,264.59 $88,293.49 59.21% 89.15% 65.38% 78.75% 26.79% 87.20% 91.27% 5.56% 70.09% 98.06% 98.84% 95.79% 77.76% 88.25% 28.97% 94.12% 99.13% 6.48% 88.79% IT IT Finance Hospitality IT Agribusiness Finance IT Agribusiness IT 115 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION South Korea SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification DATA 6,250 4,895 3.31% 3.91% 40 Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM VISA — H-1B F-1 Not in USA E-2 POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 2,406 1,681 1,546 1,237 631 $28,179.35 $83,059.91 $44,281.66 $23,965.77 $53,980.21 Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications 6.20% Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER House of Raeford Farms, Inc. 300 Abbyland Foods, Inc. George’s Chicken, LLC Koch Foods of Cincinnati LLC Norman W Fries Inc. D/b/a Claxton Poultry Farms Case Farms Processing Inc. George’s Processing, Inc. Defender Services, Inc. Wayne Farms LLC Koch Foods of Cumming, LLC 272 199 183 177 173 155 144 121 108 $18,099.25 $25,240.00 $22,949.33 $17,739.79 $17,394.41 $19,452.21 $22,194.72 $16,826.75 $20,152.28 $20,036.46 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Butchers and Meat Cutters Helpers — Production Workers Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Packers and Packagers, Hand Accountants and Auditors Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists Chefs and Head Cooks Software Developers, Applications 833 471 337 300 277 270 245 221 215 192 $19,852.28 $21,549.31 $17,100.88 $16,838.21 $25,240.00 $65,764.80 $16,818.21 $50,620.79 $46,003.04 $99,752.24 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA GA NY TX NC VA NJ WI AL OH 2,050 926 672 652 642 452 352 288 278 246 451 75 309 73 18 35 123 7 70 24 1,264 369 442 148 42 69 177 6 166 124 $73,015.02 22.00% 61.66% Other Economic Sector $34,900.22 8.10% 39.85% Agribusiness $66,798.34 45.98% 65.77% $41,188.04 $24,521.51 $34,496.56 11.20% 2.80% 7.74% 22.70% 6.54% 15.27% $72,649.62 34.94% 50.28% $46,560.91 $67,136.12 $33,163.92 2.43% 25.18% 9.76% 2.08% 59.71% 50.41% Other Economic Sector Hospitality Agribusiness Agribusiness Other Economic Sector Advanced Mfg Automotive Agribusiness 116 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES Canada SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM DATA 3,302 2,962 2.24% 3.49% 40 3.75% VISA H-1B TN L-1 — E-2 POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 2,372 1,112 238 107 51 $126,176.11 $112,905.12 $117,330.35 $80,582.15 $80,169.77 Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Microsoft Corporation Google Inc. Amazon Corporate LLC Apple Inc. Facebook Inc. Intel Corporation Nvidia Corporation Salesforce.com A2Z Development Center, Inc. Cisco Systems Inc. APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 327 137 124 74 44 39 24 23 22 21 $119,797.71 $126,169.10 $100,619.31 $147,905.11 $149,769.43 $109,365.21 $131,622.35 $140,371.25 $114,149.23 $128,218.82 Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Computer Systems Analysts Electronics Engineers, Except Computers Marketing Managers Architectural and Engineering Managers Financial Managers Mechanical Engineers Management Analysts 783 258 153 149 130 114 96 83 79 73 $116,087.44 $127,996.29 $154,769.59 $107,250.81 $118,968.68 $146,000.41 $142,698.73 $173,000.64 $96,110.63 $126,041.84 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA WA NY TX MI FL IL MA NJ PA 1121 568 448 295 140 128 125 119 82 79 715 224 314 145 77 70 90 77 46 55 988 524 373 207 113 90 96 101 68 61 $105,747.05 $108,030.83 $105,208.69 $95,191.57 $98,884.95 63.78% 39.44% 70.09% 49.15% 55.00% 88.14% 92.25% 83.26% 70.17% 80.71% $95,471.11 54.69% 70.31% $105,810.12 72.00% $101,732.18 $101,135.29 $107,504.39 64.71% 56.10% 69.62% 76.80% 84.87% 82.93% 77.22% IT IT Finance Advanced Mfg Automotive Other Economic Sector Other Economic Sector IT IT Advanced Mfg 117 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Mexico SUMMARY INFORMATION Total Applications Processed Total Applications Certified Percent Working on H-1B Visa Percent Bachelors or Higher Average Age at Certification Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM DATA 1,982 1,509 1.74% 174% 40 1.91% VISA H-1B TN — L-1 EWI POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY 878 420 279 191 165 $98,524.61 $91,070.72 $42,661.25 $93,173.44 $37,479.92 Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME Microsoft Corporation Amazon Corporate LLC Dallas Independent School District Intel Corporation Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation Google Inc. Continental Automotice Systems, Inc. Mosaicist, Inc. Brodie Contractors, Inc. Svam International Inc. APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER 62 38 24 20 14 13 12 11 11 10 $113,078.71 $96,847.08 $50,135.83 Software Developers, Applications Industrial Engineers Computer Systems Analysts $102,844.90 Cooks, Restaurant $80,201.93 $115,376.31 $95,188.42 $29,890.00 $19,427.20 $85,882.50 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education Electrical Engineers Mechanical Engineers Electronics Engineers, Except Computers Architectural and Engineering Managers Software Developers, Systems Software 241 $102,291.28 98 77 73 67 62 55 54 49 49 $84,127.96 $92.975.00 $27,385.22 $48,192.52 $95,217.37 $84,909.11 $93,900.91 $119,947.46 $100,289.71 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A BA/BS OR HIGHER AVERAGE WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA TX NY MD FL NM IL AZ NJ VA 530 351 168 109 106 94 57 53 51 50 272 143 59 46 45 38 11 25 12 18 398 240 86 107 79 91 23 40 25 29 $77,084.25 $73,707.82 51.32% 40.74% $66,136.56 35.12% $105,165.84 42.20% 75.09% 68.38% 51.19% 98.17% $85,116.11 42.45% 74.53% $97,139.39 $55,390.59 $89,813.93 $61,037.91 $76,760.59 40.43% 19.30% 47.17% 23.53% 36.00% 96.81% 40.35% 75.47% 49.02% 58.00% Advanced Mfg Advanced Mfg Other Economic Sector IT Other Economic Sector Automotive Advanced Mfg Advanced Mfg Construction Advanced Mfg 118 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES 119 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION www.dol.gov